各種建筑風(fēng)格的簡介

ArchitectureStyle

oftheWorldPresentedbyEven&Lydia&RoseMaryTakeaGuess~JapanStyleEnglishStyleFourStylesGothicStyleBaroqueStyleRococoStyleByzantineStyleⅠ.GothicArchitectureⅠ.GothicArchitectureBegin:France,12thcenturyRomanesquearchitectureCathedrals,churches,palaces,castlesNotreDamedeParis(1182—1345)France

WestminsterAbbey(1050—15c)TheUKCologneCathedral(1248-1880)GermanyMilanCathedral（1386—1960）ItalyAbouttheword“gothic”theFrenchStyleGiorgioVasari(Italian)1530sFeaturesoftheGothicStyle1.PointedArch/GothicArch尖肋拱頂2.FlyingButtress飛扶壁Buttresses:narrowstonewallsjuttingoutfromthebuildingtohelpholditup.Flyingbuttresses:buttressesthathelptoholdthevaultup.Theyaremadewithanarchthatjumpsoveralowerpartofthebuildingtoreachtheoutsidewall.AmiensCathedral3.Stainedglass(花窗玻璃)richlycoloredglassinthewindows,oftenwithpicturestellingstories4.Clusteredcolumns(束柱)tallcolumnsthatlookedlikeagroupofthincolumnsbundledtogetherⅡ.BaroqueArchitectureⅡ.BaroqueArchitecture

beguninlatesixteenthcenturyItalytooktheRomanvocabularyofRenaissancearchitecture[文藝復(fù)興建筑]anduseditinanewrhetorical[夸張的]fashionexpressthetriumph[勝利，豐功偉業(yè)]oftheCatholicChurchandtheabsolutiststate[專制主義國家]characterizedbynewexplorationsofform,lightandshadowanddramaticintensity[強(qiáng)度]DistinctivefeaturesofBaroquearchitectureInchurches,broadernaves[中殿]andsometimesgivenoval[橢圓形的]formsdeliberatelyincompletearchitecturalelementsdramaticuseoflight;eitherstronglight-and-shadecontrastsasatthechurchofWeltenburgAbbey[維爾騰堡修道院教堂],oruniformlightingbymeansofseveralwindows(e.g.churchofWeingartenAbbey)plentyuseofcolorandornaments[裝飾品]largeceilingfrescoes[壁畫]anexternalfa?adeoftencharacterizedbyadramaticcentralprojection[突出]

thePalaceofVersaillesRepresentativebuildingsStPaul'sCathedralRepresentativebuildingsThePapalBasilicaofSaintPeterintheVaticanRepresentativebuildingsRepresentativebuildingstheovalnaveinaBaroquebuildingStPaul'sCathedralAbaroquearchitecturedecorationinBelgiumⅢ.Rococo

ArchitectureBriefintroduction：Rococo,alsoreferredtoas"LateBaroque",isan18th-centuryartisticmovementandstyle,whichaffectedseveralaspectsoftheartsincludingpainting,sculpture,architecture,interiordesign,decoration,literature,musicandtheatre.Ⅲ.Rococo

ArchitectureTheRococodevelopedintheearlypartofthe18thcenturyinParis,Franceasareactionagainstthegrand,symmetry

andstrictregulationsoftheBaroque,especiallythatofthePalaceofVersailles.Insuchaway,Rococoartistsoptedforamorejocular,floridandgracefulapproachtoBaroqueartandarchitecture.Rococoartandarchitectureinsuchawaywasornateandmadestrongusageofcreamy,pastel-likecolours,asymmetricaldesigns,curvesandgold.UnlikethemorepoliticallyfocusedBaroque,theRococohadmoreplayfulandoftenwittyartisticthemes.DevelopmentAlthoughRococoisusuallythoughtofasdevelopingfirstinthedecorativeartsandinteriordesign,itsoriginslieinthelateBaroquearchitecturalworkofBorrominimostlyinRomeandGuarinimostlyinNorthernItalybutalsoinVienna,Prague,Lisbon,andParis.

The1730srepresentedtheheightofRococodevelopmentinFrance.Thestylehadspreadbeyondarchitectureandfurnituretopaintingandsculpture.InGreatBritain,Rococowasalwaysthoughtofasthe"Frenchtaste"andwasneverwidelyadoptedasanarchitecturalstyle,althoughitsinfluencewasstronglyfeltinsuchareasassilverwork,porcelain,andsilks.ThebeginningoftheendforRocococameintheearly1760sasfigureslikeVoltairebegantovoicetheircriticismofthesuperficialityanddegeneracyoftheart.TheQueluzNationalPalaceinPortugalwasoneofthelastRococobuildingstobebuiltinEurope.However，RococoremainedpopularintheprovincesandinItaly,untilthesecondphaseofneoclassicism,"Empirestyle",arrivedwithNapoleonicgovernmentsandsweptRococoaway.Architecture

Rococoarchitecture,asmentionedabove,wasalighter,moregraceful,yetalsomoreelaborateversionofBaroquearchitecture,whichwasornateandaustere.TherearenumerousexamplesofRococobuildingsaswellasarchitects.AmongthemostfamousincludetheCatherinePalace,inRussia,theQueluzNationalPalaceinPortugal,theAugustusburgandFalkenlustPalaces,Brühl,theChineseHouse(Potsdam)theCharlottenburgPalaceinGermany,aswellaselementsofthePalaceofVersaillesinFrance.Manyarchitectswhowererenownedfortheirconstructionsbyusingthisstyle.sanssouci(Potsdam)RepresentativebuildingsFontainebleauPalace(Paris)RepresentativebuildingselementsofthePalaceofVersailles

RepresentativebuildingsPlacedelaConcordeRepresentativebuildingsRococoarchitecturealsobroughtsignificantchangestothebuildingofedifices.

PlacinganemphasisonprivacyratherthanthegrandpublicmajestyofBaroquearchitecture,aswellasimprovingthestructureofbuildingsinordertocreateamorehealthyenvironment.Interiordesign

SolitudePalaceandChinesePalace,theBavarianchurchofWiesandSanssouciinPotsdamareexamplesofhowRococomadeitswayintoEuropeanarchitecture.ARococointeriorinGatchinaAfewanti-architecturalhintsrapidlyevolvedintofull-blownRococoattheendofthe1720sandbegantoaffectinteriorsanddecorativeartsthroughoutEurope.TherichestformsofGermanRococoareinCatholicGermany.Rococoisanentirelyinteriorstyle,becausethewealthyandaristocraticmovedbacktoParisfromVersailles.Pariswasalreadybuiltupandsoratherthanengaginginmajorarchitecturaladditions,theysimplyrenovatedtheinteriorsoftheexistingbuildings.Ⅳ.Byzantine

ArchitectureByzantinearchitectureisthearchitectureoftheByzantineorLaterRomanEmpire.ThisterminologyisusedbymodernhistorianstodesignatethemedievalRomanEmpireasitevolvedasadistinctartisticandculturalentitycenteredonthenewcapitolofConstantinopleratherthanthecityofRomeandenvirons.Ⅳ.Byzantine

ArchitectureSt.Sophia'sCathedralRepresentativebuildingsBuildingsincreasedingeometriccomplexity,brickandplasterwereusedinadditiontostoneinthedecorationofimportantpublicstructures,classicalorderswereusedmorefreely,mosaicsreplacedcarveddecoration,complexdomesresteduponmassivepiers,andwindowsfilteredlightthroughthinsheetsofalabastertosoftlyilluminateinteriors.Mostofthesurvivingstructuresaresacredinnature,withsecularbuildingsmostlyk