大學(xué)英語四六級翻譯題舉例及解析

翻譯策略1)分句法把原文中一個(gè)單詞或短語譯成句子，使原文的一個(gè)句子分譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子?；蚋纱喟言牡囊粋€(gè)句子拆開，譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子。例1八月中旬，修理組人員在驕陽下工作。譯文:Itwasinmid-August,andtherepairsectionoperatedundertheblazingsun.（一個(gè)單句拆分成了一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句）例2他為人單純而坦率。譯文:Hewasasimpleman.Hismindwasopen.(一個(gè)單句拆分成兩個(gè)簡單句了)

例3Themothermighthavespokenwithunderstandableprideofherchild.

譯文:母親談到她的孩子時(shí)，也許有自豪感，這是可以理解的。（形容詞被拆開）例4Iwrotefourbooksinthefirstthreeyears,arecordnevertouchedbefore.

譯文:我頭三年寫了四本書，打破了以往的記錄。（名詞短語拆開）2)合句法把原文中兩個(gè)或以上的簡單句，主從復(fù)合句或并列復(fù)合句等譯成一個(gè)單句。例5她已試了好幾次，要幫他們另找一所出租的房子，結(jié)果并未成功。譯文:Shehadmadeseveralattemptstohelpthemfindotherrentalquarterswithoutsuccess.（多個(gè)簡單句合成一個(gè)單句）例6他們有遵守交通規(guī)則，機(jī)器出了故障。譯文：Hisfailuretoobservethesafetyregulationsresultedinanaccidenttothemachinery.（并列復(fù)合句合成一個(gè)單句）例7WhenwepraisetheChineseleadershipandthepeople,wearenotmerelybeingpolite.

譯文：我們對中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和中國人民的贊揚(yáng)不僅僅是出于禮貌。（主從復(fù)合句合成一個(gè)單句）Exercise1\o"點(diǎn)擊打開“考試大網(wǎng)”"1._______________（通過體育鍛煉），wecanalwaysstayhealthy.

2.Accordingtothescientificresearch,_____________（聽音樂能使我們放松）.Isthisreallytrue?

3.______________（我們絕對不能）ignorethevalueofknowledge.

4.Asisknowntoall,______________（假冒偽劣商品）harmtheinterestsofconsumers.

5.Facedwithfailure,somepeoplecanstanduptoit,_____________（從失敗中汲取教訓(xùn)）andtryhardtofulfillwhattheyaredeterminedtodo.

如果覺得題量少可以向我提議啊~XD

1.Bytakingexercises

解析：通過鍛煉，我們可以保持健康。其實(shí)這題答案不止一個(gè)。“鍛煉”可以用名詞也可以用動(dòng)詞短語?！巴ㄟ^”可以用by表示方式，through表示途徑。Bytakingexercises/Throughexercises。往往by用于“by+doing”，而through后接名詞哦。2.listeningtomusicenablesustofeelrelaxed

解析：“聽音樂”在句中作主語，“聽”應(yīng)當(dāng)處理成動(dòng)名詞形式?！澳苁刮覀兎潘伞焙芏嗤瑢W(xué)會(huì)采用canmakeusfeelrelaxed的結(jié)構(gòu)。其實(shí)，enable就有“能夠使某人……”的含義，注意enablesb.todo的表達(dá)。3.Onnoaccountcanwe

解析：本題是強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)“決不能”，所以聯(lián)想到onnoaccount,bynomeans,atnotime,innocase等。不管用哪一個(gè)，都要注意它們是含有否定的意味的，因此在置于句首時(shí)應(yīng)使用倒裝語序。4.fakeandinferiorcommodities

解析：“假冒偽劣商品”包含兩層含義：一是假貨，二是次品，在翻譯成英文的時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意兩層含義的正確譯法。“假冒”不能用false而應(yīng)選擇fake，“次品”可以說inferior表示質(zhì)量差，也可以用commodityoflowquality。5.drawusefullessonsfromit解析：句意為：面對失敗，有的人能夠頑強(qiáng)抵抗，從中吸取教訓(xùn)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)。本句由三個(gè)并列的謂語成分構(gòu)成，謂語動(dòng)詞分別是standupto“汲取”和try?！凹橙〗逃?xùn)”正確表達(dá)為drawalessonfrom…。然而我們又能從全句判斷，從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)是為了將來能夠更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，因此加上修飾語useful，使內(nèi)容更明確。順序法:翻譯不改變原文表達(dá)語序，不會(huì)影響對原文內(nèi)容的理解。例1即使在我們關(guān)掉床頭燈甜甜地進(jìn)入夢鄉(xiāng)時(shí)，電仍然為我們工作：開動(dòng)電冰箱，把水加熱，或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。譯文:Evenwhenweturnoffthebedsidelampandarefastasleep,electricityisworkingforus,drivingourrefrigerators,heatingourwater,orkeepingourroomsair-conditioned.在句子中，句子前半部分是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，后半句的“開動(dòng)”，“加熱”，“使……運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”都是“電在為我們工作”的具體內(nèi)容。因而在譯文中，譯者將這三個(gè)并行動(dòng)作處理成了V-ing形式，補(bǔ)充說明working的內(nèi)容。譯文按照原句的語序完全傳達(dá)了原文的意思，采用順序法翻譯，達(dá)到了“精確，通順”的目的。例2ItwasaSaturdayevening,whenTomwaslyingonthebenchoftheschoollisteningtoablackbirdandcomposingalyric,thathesawthegirlsrunningamongthetrees,withthered-cheekedJoeinswiftpursuit.

譯文:那是周六的傍晚，湯姆正躺在學(xué)校的長凳上，一面聽畫眉鳥唱歌，一面寫一首抒情詩，忽然看見女孩子們在樹林里奔跑，后面緊跟著那紅臉的喬。原句里一連串出現(xiàn)了一系列的動(dòng)詞如：lying,listening,composing,saw，這是按湯姆進(jìn)行這些動(dòng)作的先后順序來描述的，如果在譯文中打亂這些順序，就反而會(huì)顯得凌亂，沒有邏輯。逆序法:逆序法根據(jù)目標(biāo)語使用者表達(dá)習(xí)慣與目標(biāo)語讀者的認(rèn)知能力，按原文語序反向翻譯，以便更好地傳達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容。例3他經(jīng)常做禮拜的時(shí)候，總坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不坐在老地方。請讀者比較下面兩句譯文，你認(rèn)為哪一句較好？譯文1:Whenheattendedworship,healwaystookacertainseat,buttheyfoundthathetookadifferentonethatday.

譯文2:Theyremarkedhowhetookadifferentseatfromthatwhichheusuallyoccupiedwhenhechosetoattendworship.

兩種譯文都忠實(shí)傳達(dá)了原文內(nèi)容。第一種為順序翻譯，第二種為逆序翻譯。第一種顯得有些冗長拖沓，且前后簡單句主語不一致（前半句主語為he，后半句主語是they），給人表述混亂之感。第二種由于采用了逆序法將原句意思用一個(gè)復(fù)合句表達(dá)出來，內(nèi)容清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。順序法和逆序法主要是針對翻譯長句而言，四六級漢譯英題不會(huì)涉及此類譯法，但作為翻譯策略之一，應(yīng)有所了解。Exercise21.Wewishtoconveytoyou________________（我們衷心的祝賀）.

2.__________________（無論從哪一方面考慮），theyoughttobegivenanotherchance.

3.________________（隨著時(shí)間的流逝）,theyforgottheirbittersufferings.

4.Wemust_______________（使自己適應(yīng)）thedemandsofourtimes;otherwisewe’llfallbehindotherindustrializedcountriesoftheworld.

5.Thenumberofthestudentsinthecityhas___________________（增加了五倍）incomparisonwith2001.

答案：1.ourheartycongratulations

解析：全句意為：我們希望向你表達(dá)我們衷心的祝福。主要考查詞是“衷心的”。hearty表示發(fā)自內(nèi)心的，衷心的，親切的，熱烈的意思。如：aheartywelcome（熱烈的歡迎）；aheartyinvitation（真誠的邀請）；aheartysupport（全力的支持）。另外，“希望（做）某事”可以說成：wishtodosth./wish+sth.

2.Takingeverythingintoconsideration

解析：本題考查的是反面表達(dá)法?！盁o論從哪一方面考慮”即：方方面面都考慮到?！翱紤]”的短語表達(dá)有：takesth.intoconsideration/takesth.intoaccount。因?yàn)榇司渲骶湟呀o出，所以take應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式，在句中作原因狀語。本句采用反譯法，使譯文符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。3.Withthepassingoftime

解析：本題是考查固定搭配，“時(shí)間流逝”應(yīng)譯為thepassing/passageoftime，“隨著”應(yīng)選用介詞with，請看例句：Wegrowolderwiththehours.（我們隨著時(shí)光流逝而長大。）4.adaptourselvesto

解析：本句意為：我們必須使自己適應(yīng)這個(gè)時(shí)代的要求，否則就會(huì)落后于世界其他工業(yè)國家。主要考查“使……適應(yīng)”的用法：adaptto/adaptsb.to，如：adaptthemselvestocitylife（使他們適應(yīng)城市生活）；Youshouldadaptyourselftothenewenvironment.（你應(yīng)該適應(yīng)新環(huán)境）。adapt除了有“使適應(yīng)”含義外，還有“改編，改寫”之意?？忌渤dapt和adopt相混淆。adopt有“采納，接受，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)”之意。5.increased6times

解析：本題考查關(guān)于倍數(shù)的說法?！霸黾恿?倍”即增加到6倍。用times與fold表示“增加”時(shí)，要注意英語要多說一倍。如Outputofcoalincreasedfourtimes（或fourfold）.（媒產(chǎn)量增加了3倍）。大學(xué)英語四六級綜合題型漢譯英沖刺練習(xí)及解析一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法1)ForceN1_______________(比力N2大2.5倍).

2)Thissubstance_______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).

3)Theearth_______________(是月球大小的49倍).4)Thelandlord_______________(想將租金提高三分之一).

5)They_______________(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).二、時(shí)態(tài)1)Bequick,_______________(否則等我們到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).

2)Whenshegothome,_______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).

3)WhenIprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination,_______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).

4)I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡歷).

5)Doyouoftengoonholiday?_______________(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了).

6)HejoinedthearmyinOctober,2001._______________(他參軍已五年了).

三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)1)Theblackboardandchalk_______________(正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).

2)Thebook_______________(到今年年底就將已出版).

3)Computermodels_______________(可以用來演示細(xì)胞工作的方式).

4)Whenthebilloffarewasbrought,_______________(我驚呆了，價(jià)格大大超出了我的預(yù)料).

5)_______________(必須立即采取有效措施)toeliminatesandstorms.

四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1)Thephoneisringing,_______________(但是沒人接聽。她一定不在家).

2)Ican’tfindmysunglasses._______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).

3)Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight._______________(你一定夢見什么可怕的東西了).

4)It’sapity._______________(你本應(yīng)該邀請她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).

5)_______________(其實(shí)我沒必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的);mostoftheguestswerewearingjeansandsweaters.

五、虛擬語氣1)Iwish_______________(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).

2)Ifonly_______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)!Thenhewouldnothavekilledhimself.

3)——Wouldyoulikehimtopaintyourdoorwithyellowstars?

——I’dratherhe_______________(漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).

4)It’shightimethat_______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).

5)Hughusuallytalks_______________(仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說似的).

6)Weinsistthat_______________(讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).

7)Itwasadvisedthat_______________(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店).

8)Hisproposalwasthat_______________(他們成立一個(gè)專門委員會(huì)來檢查這個(gè)問題).

9)Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat_______________(取消期中考試).

10)Itisridiculousthat_______________(我們在一個(gè)總是下雨的國家還缺水).

11)Butforhishelp,_______________(我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).

12)Iusedmycalculator;_______________(否則，我會(huì)花更長的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).

13)WereIinyourplace,_______________(我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).

14)Hewalkedlightly_______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).

六、不定式1)Itwasagreatachievement_______________(10個(gè)月建成一棟24層的樓).

2)Itisnecessary_______________(我們在考試前好好地睡一晚上覺).

3)Itisgenerous_______________(你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).

4)Theteacherdecided_______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).

5)Mr.Greenwaswondering_______________(是否去看望在法國的兒子).

6)Thegardener_______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).

7)We_______________(請他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).

8)Hefeelsitchallenging_______________(在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)主席).

9)Wehopetohavemoreopportunities_______________(把我們在課堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).

10)SallyRidewasthefirst_______________(探索外部空間的美國婦女).

11)Theyliftedarock_______________(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).

12)Hewassurprised_______________(在這個(gè)山村遇見一個(gè)中學(xué)同學(xué)).

13)Iamsorry_______________(占用了您這么多時(shí)間).

14)Ihappened_______________(在他沖進(jìn)來的時(shí)候站在門口).

15)Shedoesn’tlike_______________(被當(dāng)作客人).

16)Ifyouwanttosavemoney,you’dbetter_______________(到校園書店買舊書).

17)Weweremade_______________(進(jìn)屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).

七、分詞1)ThisisthefirsttimethatIheard_______________(用意大利語唱“祝你生日快樂”).

2)Thecars_______________(停在消防通道的)willbeticketed.

3)Thewarwentonforyears,_______________(奪去了成千上萬人的生命).

4)Thefarmersusedanewinsecticide,thus_______________(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).

5)Einsteinwatchedthetoyindelight,_______________(想推導(dǎo)出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理).

6)_______________(看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書),westoppedtalkingandbegantostudy.

7)_______________(被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了),theydecidedtopayforhiseducation.

8)_______________(從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來看),Einsteinwasasimple,modestandordinaryman.

9)_______________(好久沒有收到父母的來信了),hewasworriedaboutthem.

八、動(dòng)名詞1)_______________(每天洗冷水澡)doeshimalotofgood.

2)Theytriedtoavoid_______________(讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).

3)Developingvarietiesisthekeyto_______________(使我們的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國際市場).

4)Itisnouse_______________(為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).

5)Hedenied_______________(偷看了同桌的試卷).

6)Wecongratulatedheron_______________(被提升為經(jīng)理).

九、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別1)Successmeans_______________(非常努力地工作).

2)Johnmeant_______________(開車去那兒，但他的車出了故障).

3)Iheardhim_______________(在跟他的母親談話).

4)Iheardhim_______________(跟他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí)).

5)Hejumpedintothepooltosavethechild_______________(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿).

6)Hejumpedfromtheburninghouse,_______________(摔斷了雙腿).

7)Hewashappy_______________(看到父母很健康).

8)_______________(看到父母安然無恙),hebreathedasighofrelief.

9)_______________(跟隨著它的腳印),thezoologistsspottedthehungrypanda.

10)Thestar,_______________(后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢),cametomeethisfans.

十、名詞從句1)_______________(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南)isstillasecret.

2)_______________(最讓我不解的)wasthathespokeEnglishsowell.

3)_______________(這么做是故意的)becameobvious.

4)Itisnotclearyet_______________(誰應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)).

5)Itisnoneofyourbusiness_______________(瑪麗與誰訂婚).

6)Don’tputofftilltomorrow_______________(今天能做的事).

7)Thisnovelisjust_______________(我一直在尋找的).

8)Itisnotyetknown_______________(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).

9)_______________(她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物)isnotcleartome.

10)Mymainproblemrightnowis_______________(我是否應(yīng)該請求另一筆貸款).

11)Italldependson_______________(他們是否會(huì)支持我們).

12)Youhaveyettoanswermyquestion_______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).

13)Finally,theworkersgotananswer_______________(政府做不了什么事來提高他們工資).

14)Obviously,therewaslittlecertainty_______________(主席會(huì)同意他的提議).

十一、定語從句1)Everydaymanytouristscometovisit_______________(魯迅出生的那棟房子).

2)Theoldladydied_______________(在她兒子到達(dá)的那天).

3)Thisis_______________(我贊成這一改革的理由).

4)LetABCbe_______________(一個(gè)三邊不等長的三角形).

5)Someoftheroadswereflooded,_______________(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).

6)Heintroducedmetohisstudents,_______________(他們大部分是英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生).

7)_______________(眾所周知),waterisaliquid.

十二、狀語從句1)_______________(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?,Jimbringspolitiesintothediscussion.

2)Weclimbedhigh_______________(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).

3)Theproblemwassocomplicated_______________(花了我們兩個(gè)周才解決).

4)Youcangoout_______________(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來).

5)Irememberthewholething_______________(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).

十三、比較級最高級1)Doesshedance_______________(跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)?

2)Thebuildingslook_______________(在倫敦比在這兒難看得多).

3)Thisis_______________(他畫的最好的畫之一).

4)Thehigheryouclimb,_______________(空氣就越稀薄).

十四、倒裝句1)Scarcelyhadshefallenasleep_______________(一陣敲門聲就把她吵醒).

2)NosoonerhadAnnearrived_______________(就生病了).

3)Thehusbandwasnothospitabletothevisitor._______________(他妻子也沒說一句歡迎的話).

4)Onlythen_______________(那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識到他的病人需要手術(shù)).

5)Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourprice_______________(我們才能做成這筆買賣).

十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句1)_______________(正是ThomasJefferson寫下了)theDeclarationofIndependence.

2)_______________(作者是帶著真摯的情感)praisesallthatisprogressive.

3)_______________(正是因?yàn)樗疂q了)wecouldnotcrosstheriver.

4)_______________(人們聽見正是Jim這個(gè)無情的家伙)shoutingathismotherinthedeadofnight.

5)_______________(直到我告訴她)Mrs.Williamsknewanythingaboutit.

答案一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法1)is2.5timesgreaterthanForceN2

2)reactsthreetimesasfastastheotherone

3)is49timesthesizeofthemoon

4)wantstoraisetherentbyathird

5)plantodoubletheirinvestment二、時(shí)態(tài)1)ortheweddingwillhavefinishedbythetimewegettothechurch

2)thechildrenhadfallenasleep

3)mysisterwillbetakinghervacationattheseaside

4)havebeenrevisingmyresumeallthemorning

5)No.IthasbeenfiveyearssinceIwentonholiday

6)Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years

三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)1)isbeingreplacedbythecomputerandtheprojector

2)willhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthisyear

3)canbeusedtodemonstratethewaythatcellswork

4)Iwasstartled,forthepriceswereagreatdealhigherthanIhadanticipated

5)Effectivemeasuresmustbetakenimmediately

四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1)butthereisnoanswer.Shecan’tbeathome

2)Imayhavelefttheminthecoffeeshopyesterday

3)Youmusthavedreamedofsomethingterrible

4)Youshouldhaveinvitedhertoyourgraduationceremony

5)Ineedn’thaveputonmybestsuittogototheparty五、虛擬語氣1)IhadhadyouropportunitieswhenIwasyoung

2)hehadknownthisdiseaseiscurable

3)painteditblue,andwithoutanydecorations

4)measuresweretakentosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams

5)asthoughheweredeliveringaspeechatanassembly

6)Jack(should)besenttohospitalrightnow

7)moremobileshops(should)besetupintheresidentialarea

8)they(should)setupaspecialboard/committeetoexaminethisproblem

9)themid-termexams(should)becanceled

10)we(should)beshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining

11)wecouldnothaverentahouseatsuchalowprice

12)otherwise,itwouldhavetakenmemoretimetoworkoutthisquestion

13)Iwouldseizetheopportunitywithouthesitation

14)lestheshouldawakenthebaby

六、不定式1)tocompletea24-storybuildingin10months

2)forustohaveagoodnight’ssleepbeforethetest

3)ofyoutodonatesomuchmoneytothepeopleinthedisasterarea

4)nottopunishthosestudentswhohadbeenlateforclass

5)whethertovisittheirsoninFrance

6)warnedmejustnownottowaterflowersatnoon

7)invitedhimtogiveusalectureonmodernart

8)tobethechairmanofstudents’unioninsolargeauniversity

9)toapplywhatwehavelearnedinclasstopractice

10)Americanwomantoexploretheouterspace

11)onlytodropitontheirownfeet

12)tomeetahighschoolclassmateinthemountainvillage

13)tohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime

14)tobestandinginthedoorwaywhenherushedin

15)tobetreatedasaguest

16)gotothecampusbookstoretobuyusedbooks

17)towipeourfeetonthematbeforegoingintotheroom

七、分詞1)“Happybirthdaytoyou”sunginItalian

2)parkedinthefirelane

3)killingthousandsuponthousandsofpeople

4)raisingtheaverageyieldby15percent

5)tryingtodeduceitsoperatingprinciple

6)Seeingthateveryonewasbendingoverhis/herbook

7)Deeplymovedbytheboy’sdeeds

8)Seenfromtheeyesofayoungfriend

9)Nothavingheardfromhisparentsforalongtime

八、動(dòng)名詞1)Takingacoldbatheveryday

2)makingtheirdaughterdowhatshedidn’tliketodo

3)gettingourgoodsintotheinternationalmarket

4)cryingoverspilledmilk

5)havingpeekedathisneighbor’stestpaper

6)beingpromotedtomanager

九、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別1)workingveryhard.

2)todrivethere,buthiscarbrokedown

3)talkingtohismother

4)talktohismotherforanhour

5)onlytobreakhisownleg

6)breakinghislegs

7)toseehisparentsingoodhealth

8)Seein