新教材2023年高中英語(yǔ)Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅣ寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)學(xué)案新人教版必修第三冊(cè)

SectionⅣ寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)寫(xiě)作方法指導(dǎo)如何寫(xiě)議論文寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)議論文通過(guò)議論或說(shuō)理來(lái)表達(dá)作者見(jiàn)解和主張。作者對(duì)某一問(wèn)題持有一種看法，為了使讀者同意自己的看法，提出若干理由，企圖說(shuō)服他人。高中英語(yǔ)議論文的寫(xiě)作要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1．論點(diǎn)要鮮明、確切，一篇議論文只能有一個(gè)中心論點(diǎn)，論點(diǎn)一般在開(kāi)頭提出，然后加以論證。2．論據(jù)要充分、可靠。一般是以事實(shí)為論據(jù)，也可以利用成語(yǔ)、格言、名人名言作為論據(jù)。3．論證要嚴(yán)密、得法。歸納法和演繹法是議論文常用的論證方法。歸納法以例子為基礎(chǔ)，從幾個(gè)例子和現(xiàn)象中，歸納出某種道理和看法。演繹法以一個(gè)或多個(gè)看法為基礎(chǔ)，從一般論斷，演繹到不同事例，再加以論述，最后再回到一般論斷上來(lái)。【常用表達(dá)】第一部分，套用相關(guān)句型來(lái)引出議論。1．Recently,ourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhether…2．Theseyears,somestudentsareinterestedin…3．Now,somepeopleholdtheviewthat…4．I’mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwehavehadabout…5．Therearetwoopinionsonit.6．Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.第二部分，采用關(guān)聯(lián)詞和句型列舉事實(shí)依據(jù)，采用正反對(duì)比或歸納推理的方法，證明所持觀點(diǎn)的正確性及表明其所持的態(tài)度。1．Besides/Inaddition/Apartfromit/What’smore/Aboveall…2．Forexample…/Thereare…，suchas…andsoon.3．Ontheonehand…ontheotherhand…4．First…Second…Third…5．Onthecontrary/However/While…/But…6．Atthesametime,weshould…7．If…,Ibelievewewill…8．Aswesee/Asweallknow/AsfarasIknow，…9．Ofallstudents,40%ofthemthink…，butothersdonotagree.10．Somepeoplebelievethat…,butotherssay/considerthat…11．Somestudentsarefortheidea/areinfavorofit/agreewithit,while/butothersareagainstit/disagreewithit.第三部分，引用表示因果關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)、總結(jié)性的語(yǔ)句強(qiáng)調(diào)和重申提出的觀點(diǎn)，或者引用某些特定的短語(yǔ)和句型來(lái)揭示觀點(diǎn)、禮貌地征求對(duì)方的建議。1．Inaword，…./Inshort，…/Inbrief，…2．Asaresult，…/Therefore，…3．Nodoubtdoingsomethingis…/Thereisnodoubtthat…4．Soinaword,weshould…，andonlyinthiswaycanwe…5．Generallyspeaking,moststudentsthinkweshould…6．Infact/Asamatteroffact,wecan…7．So,forsomething,Isuggestthatweshoulddo…8．Inmyopinion,Ithink…9．Ihavemyownviewaboutit,andIthink…10．Personally,Ibelieveitis…11．Now,wereallydon’tknowwhattodoaboutit.Couldyoutellussomegoodadviceandhelpusout?【寫(xiě)作模板】(一)不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型(選擇型)Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat(作文題目)_______．Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat(觀點(diǎn)一)_______．Intheirviewstherearetwofactorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,(原因一)_______．Furthermore,inthesecondplace,(原因二)_______．Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat(觀點(diǎn)一)_______．People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat(觀點(diǎn)二)_______．Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand,(原因一)_______．Ontheotherhand,(原因二)_______．Therefore,thereisnodoubtthat(觀點(diǎn)二)_______．AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat(觀點(diǎn)一或二)_______．Itisnotonlybecause_______,__butalsobecause_______．Themore_______,__themore_______．(二)利弊型的議論文Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)(作文題目)_______．Infact,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesin(題目議題)_______．Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveralpositiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,(優(yōu)點(diǎn)一)_______．Andsecondly(優(yōu)點(diǎn)二)_______．Justasapopularsayinggoes,“everycoinhastwosides”，(討論議題)_______isnoexception,andinotherwords,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,(缺點(diǎn)一)_______．Inaddition,(缺點(diǎn)二)_______．Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof(討論議題)_______intofullplay,andreducethedisadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe(討論議題)_______．(三)答題性議論文Currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)(作文題目)_______．Itisreallyanimportantconcerntoeveryoneofus.Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem.Asweknow,therearemanystepswhichcanbetakentosolvethisproblem.Firstofall,(途徑一)____．Inaddition,anotherwaycontributingtosuccessofsolvingtheproblemis(途徑二)_______．Aboveall,tosolvetheproblemof(作文題目)_______,__weshouldfindanumberofvariousways.ButasfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay(方法)_______．(四)諺語(yǔ)警句性議論文Itiswellknowntousthattheproverb“(諺語(yǔ))_______”hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyinourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans(諺語(yǔ)的含義)_______．Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesofexamplesasfollows.Acaseinpointis(例子)_______．Therefore,itgoeswithoutsayingthatitisofgreatimportancetopracticetheproverb(諺語(yǔ))_______．WiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatitisalsoofpracticalusetosticktothesaying:(諺語(yǔ))_______．Themoreweareawareofthesignificanceofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.精品展示近年來(lái)，學(xué)生越來(lái)越廣泛地使用電子詞典，這既給學(xué)生帶來(lái)了便利，也給學(xué)生帶來(lái)了一些負(fù)面影響。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要求寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文：1．電子詞典的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；2．電子詞典的缺點(diǎn)；3．你的觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論。注意：詞數(shù)80左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【審題謀篇】第一步明確要求該寫(xiě)作屬于利弊型的議論文，故以第三人稱為主；時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。第二步確定段落本文應(yīng)該分四段：Para.1提出話題；Para.2 使用電子詞典的好處；Para.3 使用電子詞典的壞處；Para.4 你的觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論。第三步提煉要點(diǎn)1．Thediscussionaboutelectronicdictionarieshasneverstoppedinthepastfewyears.近幾年來(lái)，關(guān)于電子詞典的討論從未停止過(guò)。2．Anelectronicdictionaryhaslotsofadvantages.電子詞典有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。3．Thenegativeeffectsofanelectronicdictionaryarealsoobvious.電子詞典的負(fù)面影響也很明顯。4．Itcanbemosthelpfultousinmanyrespectssolongaswecanmakeproperuseofit.只要我們能適當(dāng)?shù)乩盟?，它在許多方面對(duì)我們都會(huì)很有幫助。第四步句式升級(jí)1．電子詞典有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是它的方便。(一般表達(dá))Anelectronicdictionaryhaslotsofadvantages.Thebiggestisitsconvenience.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Anelectronicdictionaryhaslotsofadvantages,__ofwhich__thebiggestisitsconvenience.2．現(xiàn)在，我們可以清楚地看到，電子詞典本身并不是有益或有害的。(一般表達(dá))Now,wecanseethatanelectronicdictionaryisnotbeneficialorharmfulinitself.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Now,wecanseeitclearlythatanelectronicdictionaryis__neitherbeneficialnorharmful__initself.參考范文：Thediscussionaboutelectronicdictionarieshasneverstoppedinthepastfewyears.Anelectronicdictionaryhaslotsofadvantages,ofwhichthebiggestisitsconvenience.What’smore,theycanpronouncethewordsclearly.Lastbutnotleast,moreandmorestudentscanaffordthem.However,thenegativeeffectsarealsoobvious.Tobeginwith,somestudentsrelytoomuchonthem.Inthesecondplace,someexplanationsarenotsoaccurate.Now,wecanseeitclearlythatanelectronicdictionaryisneitherbeneficialnorharmfulinitself.Thekeyliesintheusers—solongaswecanmakeproperuseofit,itcanbemosthelpfultousinmanyrespects.亮點(diǎn)點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。首段提出一個(gè)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間爭(zhēng)論的話題；第二段中指出該事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；第三段闡述缺點(diǎn)；第四段首句下結(jié)論，表明此事物本身無(wú)對(duì)錯(cuò)，第二句指出關(guān)鍵在于使用者，即如果合理使用，就會(huì)從中受益。文章的論點(diǎn)和結(jié)論清楚明了，論據(jù)充分有力。在文字的運(yùn)用上，本文詞匯豐富，銜接順暢而不乏高級(jí)詞匯。例如afford，relytoomuchon和lastbutnotleast等的運(yùn)用，恰當(dāng)而有力。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練假定你是李華，最近你班舉行了一次班會(huì)，班會(huì)的主題是：太空探險(xiǎn)意義。請(qǐng)結(jié)合下表內(nèi)容，用英語(yǔ)給校報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇文章，客觀地介紹討論的情況并表達(dá)你自己的觀點(diǎn)。贊同者反對(duì)者1.獲得新的知識(shí)；2．從太空取得新資源；3．?dāng)U大人類的生存空間。1.耗資巨大；2．宇航員的安全問(wèn)題。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________