美國(guó)勞工部-就業(yè)形勢(shì)2023 年 10 月

Transmissionofmaterialinthisnewsreleaseisembargoeduntil USDL-23-2318

8:30a.m.(ET)Friday,November3,2023

Technicalinformation:

Householddata: (202)691-6378?

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/cps

Establishmentdata: (202)691-6555?

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THEEMPLOYMENTSITUATION—OCTOBER2023

Totalnonfarmpayrollemploymentincreasedby150,000inOctober,andtheunemploymentratechangedlittleat3.9percent,theU.S.BureauofLaborStatisticsreportedtoday.Jobgainsoccurredinhealthcare,government,andsocialassistance.Employmentdeclinedinmanufacturingduetostrikeactivity.

Chart1.Unemploymentrate,seasonallyadjusted,October2021–October2023

Chart2.Nonfarmpayrollemploymentover-the-monthchange,seasonallyadjusted,October2021–October2023

Percent Thousands

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

Oct-21Jan-22Apr-22Jul-22Oct-22Jan-23Apr-23Jul-23Oct-23

1,000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

-100

Oct-21Jan-22Apr-22Jul-22Oct-22Jan-23Apr-23Jul-23Oct-23

Thisnewsreleasepresentsstatisticsfromtwomonthlysurveys.Thehouseholdsurveymeasureslaborforcestatus,includingunemployment,bydemographiccharacteristics.Theestablishmentsurveymeasuresnonfarmemployment,hours,andearningsbyindustry.Formoreinformationabouttheconceptsandstatisticalmethodologyusedinthesetwosurveys,seetheTechnicalNote.

HouseholdSurveyData

Boththeunemploymentrate,at3.9percent,andthenumberofunemployedpersons,at6.5million,changedlittleinOctober.However,sincetheirrecentlowsinApril,thesemeasuresareupby0.5percentagepointand849,000,respectively.(SeetableA-1.)

Amongthemajorworkergroups,theunemploymentratesforadultmen(3.7percent),adultwomen(3.3percent),teenagers(13.2percent),Whites(3.5percent),Blacks(5.8percent),Asians(3.1percent),andHispanics(4.8percent)showedlittlechangeinOctober.(SeetablesA-1,A-2,andA-3.)

Amongtheunemployed,thenumberofpermanentjoblosersincreasedby164,000overthemonthto

1.6million.Thenumberofpersonsontemporarylayoffchangedlittleat873,000.(SeetableA-11.)

InOctober,thenumberoflong-termunemployed(thosejoblessfor27weeksormore)waslittlechangedat1.3million.Thelong-termunemployedaccountedfor19.8percentofallunemployedpersons.(SeetableA-12.)

Boththelaborforceparticipationrate,at62.7percent,andtheemployment-populationratio,at60.2percent,changedlittleinOctober.(SeetableA-1.)

Thenumberofpersonsemployedparttimeforeconomicreasons,at4.3million,changedlittleinOctober.Theseindividuals,whowouldhavepreferredfull-timeemployment,wereworkingparttimebecausetheirhourshadbeenreducedortheywereunabletofindfull-timejobs.(SeetableA-8.)

InOctober,thenumberofpersonsnotinthelaborforcewhocurrentlywantajobwas5.4million,littledifferentfromthepriormonth.Theseindividualswerenotcountedasunemployedbecausetheywerenotactivelylookingforworkduringthe4weeksprecedingthesurveyorwereunavailabletotakeajob.(SeetableA-1.)

Amongthosenotinthelaborforcewhowantedajob,thenumberofpersonsmarginallyattachedtothelaborforcechangedlittleat1.4millioninOctober.Theseindividualswantedandwereavailableforworkandhadlookedforajobsometimeintheprior12monthsbuthadnotlookedforworkinthe4weeksprecedingthesurvey.Thenumberofdiscouragedworkers,asubsetofthemarginallyattachedwhobelievedthatnojobswereavailableforthem,alsochangedlittleoverthemonthat416,000.(SeeSummarytableA.)

EstablishmentSurveyData

Totalnonfarmpayrollemploymentincreasedby150,000inOctober,belowtheaveragemonthlygainof258,000overtheprior12months.InOctober,jobgainsoccurredinhealthcare,government,andsocialassistance.Employmentinmanufacturingdeclinedduetostrikeactivity.(SeetableB-1.)

Healthcareadded58,000jobsinOctober,inlinewiththeaveragemonthlygainof53,000overtheprior12months.Overthemonth,employmentcontinuedtotrendupinambulatoryhealthcareservices(+32,000),hospitals(+18,000),andnursingandresidentialcarefacilities(+8,000).

Employmentingovernmentincreasedby51,000inOctoberandhasreturnedtoitspre-pandemicFebruary2020level.Monthlyjobgrowthingovernmenthadaveraged50,000intheprior12months.InOctober,employmentcontinuedtotrendupinlocalgovernment(+38,000).

Socialassistanceadded19,000jobsinOctober,comparedwiththeaveragemonthlygainof23,000overtheprior12months.Overthemonth,employmentcontinuedtotrendupinindividualandfamilyservices(+14,000).

-2-

InOctober,constructionemploymentcontinuedtotrendup(+23,000),aboutinlinewiththeaveragemonthlygainof18,000overtheprior12months.Employmentcontinuedtotrendupoverthemonthinspecialtytradecontractors(+14,000)andconstructionofbuildings(+6,000).

Employmentinmanufacturingdecreasedby35,000inOctober,reflectingadeclineof33,000inmotorvehiclesandpartsthatwaslargelyduetostrikeactivity.

InOctober,employmentinleisureandhospitalitychangedlittle(+19,000).Theindustryhadaddedanaverageof52,000jobspermonthovertheprior12months.

EmploymentinprofessionalandbusinessserviceswaslittlechangedinOctober(+15,000)andhasshownlittlenetchangesinceMay.Employmentintemporaryhelpserviceschangedlittleoverthemonth(+7,000)butis229,000belowitspeakinMarch2022.

InOctober,employmentintransportationandwarehousingwaslittlechanged(-12,000)andhasshownlittlenetchangeovertheyear.Overthemonth,warehousingandstoragelost11,000jobs,whileairtransportationadded4,000jobs.

InformationemploymentchangedlittleinOctober(-9,000).Employmentinmotionpictureandsoundrecordingcontinuedtotrenddown(-5,000);theindustryhaslost44,000jobssinceMay,atleastpartiallyreflectingtheimpactofanongoinglabordispute.

Overthemonth,employmentshowedlittlechangeinothermajorindustries,includingmining,quarrying,andoilandgasextraction;wholesaletrade;retailtrade;financialactivities;andotherservices.

InOctober,averagehourlyearningsforallemployeesonprivatenonfarmpayrollsroseby7cents,or

0.2percent,to$34.00.Overthepast12months,averagehourlyearningshaveincreasedby4.1percent.InOctober,averagehourlyearningsofprivate-sectorproductionandnonsupervisoryemployeesroseby10cents,or0.3percent,to$29.19.(SeetablesB-3andB-8.)

Theaverageworkweekforallemployeesonprivatenonfarmpayrollsedgeddownby0.1hourto34.3hoursinOctober.Inmanufacturing,theaverageworkweekwaslittlechangedat40.0hours,andovertimeedgeddownby0.1hourto2.9hours.Theaverageworkweekforproductionandnonsupervisoryemployeesonprivatenonfarmpayrollsedgeddownby0.1hourto33.7hours.(SeetablesB-2andB-7.)

ThechangeintotalnonfarmpayrollemploymentforAugustwasreviseddownby62,000,from

+227,000to+165,000,andthechangeforSeptemberwasreviseddownby39,000,from+336,000to

+297,000.Withtheserevisions,employmentinAugustandSeptembercombinedis101,000lowerthanpreviouslyreported.(Monthlyrevisionsresultfromadditionalreportsreceivedfrombusinessesandgovernmentagenciessincethelastpublishedestimatesandfromtherecalculationofseasonalfactors.)

TheEmploymentSituationforNovemberisscheduledtobereleasedonFriday,December8,

2023,at8:30a.m.(ET).

-3-

HOUSEHOLDDATA

SummarytableA.Householddata,seasonallyadjusted

[Numbersinthousands]

Category

Oct.2022

Aug.2023

Sept.2023

Oct.2023

Changefrom:Sept.2023-

Oct.2023

Employmentstatus

Civiliannoninstitutionalpopulation.

264,535

267,213

267,428

267,642

214

Civilianlaborforce.

164,646

167,839

167,929

167,728

-201

Participationrate.

62.2

62.8

62.8

62.7

-0.1

Employed.

158,593

161,484

161,570

161,222

-348

Employment-populationratio.

60.0

60.4

60.4

60.2

-0.2

Unemployed.

6,053

6,355

6,360

6,506

146

Unemploymentrate.

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.9

0.1

Notinlaborforce.

99,890

99,374

99,498

99,914

416

Unemploymentrates

Total,16yearsandover.

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.9

0.1

Adultmen(20yearsandover).

3.3

3.7

3.8

3.7

-0.1

Adultwomen(20yearsandover).

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.3

0.2

Teenagers(16to19years).

11.0

12.2

11.6

13.2

1.6

White.

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.5

0.1

BlackorAfricanAmerican.

5.9

5.3

5.7

5.8

0.1

Asian.

2.9

3.1

2.8

3.1

0.3

HispanicorLatinoethnicity.

4.2

4.9

4.6

4.8

0.2

Total,25yearsandover.

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

0.0

Lessthanahighschooldiploma.

6.2

5.4

5.5

5.8

0.3

Highschoolgraduates,nocollege.

3.9

3.8

4.1

4.0

-0.1

Somecollegeorassociatedegree.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

0.1

Bachelor’sdegreeandhigher.

1.9

2.2

2.1

2.1

0.0

Reasonforunemployment

Joblosersandpersonswhocompletedtemporaryjobs.

2,695

2,914

2,858

3,059

201

Jobleavers.

861

801

797

800

3

Reentrants.

1,873

1,930

2,043

1,884

-159

Newentrants.

494

597

568

612

44

Durationofunemployment

Lessthan5weeks.

2,215

2,221

2,051

2,268

217

5to14weeks.

1,774

1,877

2,044

1,836

-208

15to26weeks.

817

1,002

1,072

1,081

9

27weeksandover.

1,169

1,296

1,216

1,282

66

Employedpersonsatworkparttime

Parttimeforeconomicreasons.

3,664

4,221

4,065

4,283

218

Slackworkorbusinessconditions.

2,535

2,799

2,793

2,982

189

Couldonlyfindpart-timework.

867

1,021

938

1,002

64

Parttimefornoneconomicreasons.

21,297

21,975

22,152

21,539

-613

Personsnotinthelaborforce

Marginallyattachedtothelaborforce.

1,493

1,505

1,457

1,417

-40

Discouragedworkers.

373

386

367

416

49

NOTE:PersonswhoseethnicityisidentifiedasHispanicorLatinomaybeofanyrace.Detailfortheseasonallyadjusteddatashowninthistablewillnotnecessarilyaddtototalsbecauseoftheindependentseasonaladjustmentofthevariousseries.UpdatedpopulationcontrolsareintroducedannuallywiththereleaseofJanuarydata.

ESTABLISHMENTDATA

SummarytableB.Establishmentdata,seasonallyadjusted

Category

Oct.2022

Aug.2023

Sept.2023p

Oct.2023p

EMPLOYMENTBYSELECTEDINDUSTRY

(Over-the-monthchange,inthousands)

Totalnonfarm..............................................................................

324

165

297

150

Totalprivate.............................................................................

299

114

246

99

Goods-producing......................................................................

57

28

28

-11

Miningandlogging..................................................................

3

0

1

1

Construction.........................................................................

17

30

13

23

Manufacturing.......................................................................

37

-2

14

-35

Durablegoods1...................................................................

27

0

10

-36

Motorvehiclesandparts.......................................................

3.4

-3.7

8.9

-33.2

Nondurablegoods................................................................

10

-2

4

1

Privateservice-providing..............................................................

242

86

218

110

Wholesaletrade.....................................................................

15.8

2.5

16.0

9.4

Retailtrade..........................................................................

-5.6

-5.9

13.3

0.7

Transportationandwarehousing....................................................

19.9

-26.9

12.5

-12.1

Utilities..............................................................................

1.3

2.4

1.5

0.8

Information..........................................................................

3

-22

-4

-9

Financialactivities...................................................................

18

1

2

-2

Professionalandbusinessservices1................................................

36

8

17

15

Temporaryhelpservices..........................................................

10.2

-10.1

-8.9

6.6

Privateeducationandhealthservices1.............................................

85

105

78

89

Healthcareandsocialassistance................................................

74.0

96.1

69.3

77.2

Leisureandhospitality..............................................................

61

8

74

19

Otherservices......................................................................

8

14

8

-1

Government.............................................................................

25

51

51

51

(3-monthaveragechange,inthousands)

Totalnonfarm..............................................................................

342

169

233

204

Totalprivate.............................................................................

316

115

168

153

WOMENANDPRODUCTIONANDNONSUPERVISORYEMPLOYEES

ASAPERCENTOFALLEMPLOYEES2

Totalnonfarmwomenemployees..........................................................

49.8

49.8

49.8

49.9

Totalprivatewomenemployees.........................................................

48.4

48.4

48.4

48.4

Totalprivateproductionandnonsupervisoryemployees...................................

81.4

81.4

81.3

81.3

HOURSANDEARNINGS

ALLEMPLOYEES

Totalprivate

Averageweeklyhours...................................................................

34.6

34.4

34.4

34.3

Averagehourlyearnings.................................................................

$32.66

$33.82

$33.93

$34.00

Averageweeklyearnings................................................................

$1,130.04

$1,163.41

$1,167.19

$1,166.20

Indexofaggregateweeklyhours(2007=100)3..........................................

114.4

115.4

115.7

115.4

Over-the-monthpercentchange.......................................................

0.2

0.3

0.3

-0.3

Indexofaggregateweeklypayrolls(2007=100)4........................................

178.7

186.7

187.6

187.6

Over-the-monthpercentchange.......................................................

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.0

DIFFUSIONINDEX

(Over1-monthspan)5

Totalprivate(250industries)...............................................................

65.2

60.0

61.4

52.0

Manufacturing(72industries)..............................................................

62.5

50.7

47.9

42.4

1Includesotherindustries,notshownseparately.

2Datarelatetoproductionemployeesinminingandloggingandmanufacturing,constructionemployeesinconstruction,andnonsupervisoryemployeesintheservice-providingindustries.

3Theindexesofaggregateweeklyhoursarecalculatedbydividingthecurrentmonth’sestimatesofaggregatehoursbythecorrespondingannualaverageaggregatehours.

4Theindexesofaggregateweeklypayrollsarecalculatedbydividingthecurrentmonth’sestimatesofaggregateweeklypayrollsbythecorrespondingannualaverageaggregateweeklypayrolls.

5Figuresarethepercentofindustrieswithemploymentincreasingplusone-halfoftheindustrieswithunchangedemployment,where50percentindicatesanequalbalancebetweenindustrieswithincreasinganddecreasingemployment.

pPreliminary

NOTE:DatahavebeenrevisedtoreflectMarch2022benchmarklevelsandupdatedseasonaladjustmentfactors.

FrequentlyAskedQuestionsaboutEmploymentandUnemploymentEstimates

Whyaretheretwomonthlymeasuresofemployment?

Thehouseholdsurveyandestablishmentsurveybothproducesample-basedestimatesofemployment,andbothhavestrengthsandlimitations.Theestablishmentsurveyemploymentserieshasasmallermarginoferroronthemeasurementofmonth-to-monthchangethanthehouseholdsurveybecauseofitsmuchlargersamplesize.Anover-the-monthemploymentchangeofabout130,000isstatisticallysignificantintheestablishmentsurvey,whilethethresholdforastatisticallysignificantchangeinthehouseholdsurveyisabout600,000.However,thehouseholdsurveyhasamoreexpansivescopethantheestablishmentsurveybecauseitincludesself-employedworkerswhosebusinessesareunincorporated,unpaidfamilyworkers,agriculturalworkers,andprivatehouseholdworkers,whoareexcludedbytheestablishmentsurvey.Thehouseholdsurveyalsoprovidesestimatesofemploymentfordemographicgroups.Formoreinformationonthedifferencesbetweenthetwosurveys,pleasevisit

/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

Areundocumentedimmigrantscountedinthesurveys?

Itislikelythatbothsurveysincludeatleastsomeundocumentedimmigrants.However,neithertheestablishmentnorthehouseholdsurveyisdesignedtoidentifythelegalstatusofworkers.Therefore,itisnotpossibletodeterminehowmanyarecountedineithersurvey.Theestablishmentsurveydoesnotcollectdataonthelegalstatusofworkers.Thehouseholdsurveydoesincludequestionswhichidentifytheforeignandnativeborn,butitdoesnotincludequestionsaboutthelegalstatusoftheforeignborn.DataontheforeignandnativebornarepublishedeachmonthintableA-7ofTheEmploymentSituationnewsrelease.

Whydoestheestablishmentsurveyhaverevisions?

Theestablishmentsurveyrevisespublishedestimatestoimproveitsdataseriesbyincorporatingadditionalinformationthatwasnotavailableatthetimeoftheinitialpublicationoftheestimates.Theestablishmentsurveyrevisesitsinitialmonthlyestimatestwice,intheimmediatelysucceeding2months,toincorporateadditionalsamplereceiptsfromrespondentsinthesurveyandrecalculatedseasonaladjustmentfactors.Formoreinformationonthemonthlyrevisions,pleasevisit

/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

Onanannualbasis,theestablishmentsurveyincorporatesabenchmarkrevisionthatre-anchorsestimatestonearlycompleteemploymentcountsavailablefromunemploymentinsurancetaxrecords.Thebenchmarkhelpstocontrolforsamplingandmodelingerrorsintheestimates.Formoreinformationontheannualbenchmarkrevision,pleasevisit

/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

Doestheestablishmentsurveysampleincludesmallfirms?

Yes;about40percentoftheestablishmentsurveysampleiscomprisedofbusinessestablishmentswithfewerthan20employees.Theestablishmentsurveysampleisdesignedtomaximizethereliabilityofthestatewidetotalnonfarmemploymentestimate;firmsfromallstates,sizeclasses,andindustriesareappropriatelysampledtoachievethatgoal.

Doestheestablishmentsurveyaccountforemploymentfromnewbusinesses?

Yes;monthlyestablishmentsurveyestimatesincludeanadjustmenttoaccountforthenetemploymentchangegeneratedbybusinessbirthsanddeaths.Theadjustmentcomesfromaneconometricmodelthatforecaststhemonthlynetjobsimpactofbusinessbirthsanddeathsbased

ontheactualpastvaluesofthenetimpactthatcanbeobservedwithalagfromtheQuarterlyCensusofEmploymentandWages.Theestablishmentsurveyusesmodelingratherthansamplingforthispurposebecausethesurveyisnotimmediatelyabletobringnewbusinessesintothesample.Thereisanunavoidablelagbetweenthebirthofanewfirmanditsappearanceonthesamplingframeandavailabilityforselection.BLSaddsnewbusinessestothesurveytwiceayear.

Isthecountofunemployedpersonslimitedtojustthosepeoplereceivingunemploymentinsurancebenefits?

No;theestimateofunemploymentisbasedonamonthlysamplesurveyofhouseholds.Allpersonswhoarewithoutjobsandareactivelyseekingandavailabletoworkareincludedamongtheunemployed.(Peopleontemporarylayoffareincludedeveniftheydonotactivelyseekwork.)Thereisnorequirementorquestionrelatingtounemploymentinsurancebenefitsinthemonthlysurvey.

Doestheofficialunemploymentrateexcludepeoplewhowantajobbutarenotcurrentlylookingforwork?

Yes;however,thereareseparateestimatesofpersonsoutsidethelaborforcewhowantajob,includingthosewhoarenotcurrentlylookingbecausetheybelievenojobsareavailable(discouragedworkers).Inaddition,alternativemeasuresoflaborunderutilization(someofwhichincludediscouragedworkersandothergroupsnotofficiallycountedasunemployed)arepublishedeachmonthintableA-15ofTheEmploymentSituationnewsrelease.Formoreinformationaboutthesealternativemeasures,pleasevisit

/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

Howcanunusuallysevereweatheraffectemploymentandhoursestimates?

Intheestablishmentsurvey,thereferenceperiodisthepayperiodthatincludesthe12thofthemonth.Unusuallysevereweatherismorelikelytohaveanimpactonaverageweeklyhoursthanonemployment.Averageweeklyhoursareestimatedforpaidtimeduringthepayperiod,includingpayforholidays,sickleave,orothertimeoff.Theimpactofsevereweatheronhoursestimatestypically,butnotalways,resultsinareductioninaverageweeklyhours.Forexample,someemployeesmaybeoffworkforpartofthepayperiodandnotreceivepayforthetimemissed,whilesomeworkers,suchasthosedealingwithcleanuporrepair,mayworkextrahours.

Typically,itisnotpossibletopreciselyquantifytheeffectofextremeweatheronpayrollemploymentestimates.Inorderforsevereweatherconditionstoreduceemploymentestimates,employeeshavetobeoffworkwithoutpayfortheentirepayperiod.Employees

whoreceivepayforanypartofthepayperiod,even1hour,arecountedinthepayrollemploymentfigures.Formoreinformationonhowoftenemployeesarepaid,pleasevisit

/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

Inthehouseholdsurvey,thereferenceperiodisgenerallythecalendarweekthatincludesthe12thofthemonth.Personswhomisstheentireweek'sworkforweather-relatedeventsarecountedasemployedwhetherornottheyarepaidforthetimeoff.Thehouseholdsurveycollectsdataonthe

numberofpersonswhohadajobbutwerenotatworkduetobadweather.Italsoprovidesameasureofthenumberofpersonswhousuallyworkfulltimebuthadreducedhoursduetobadweather.

Currentandhistoricaldataareavailableonthehouseholdsurvey'smostrequestedstatisticspage,pleasevis

it/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

TechnicalNote

Thisnewsreleasepresentsstatisticsfromtwomajorsurveys,theCurrentPopulationSurvey(CPS;householdsurvey)andtheCurrentEmploymentStatisticssurvey(CES;establishmentsurvey).Thehouseholdsurveyprovidesinformationonthelaborforce,employment,andunemploymentthatappearsinthe"A"tables,markedHOUSEHOLDDATA.Itisasamplesurveyofabout60,000eligiblehouseholdsconductedbytheU.S.CensusBureaufortheU.S.BureauofLaborStatistics(BLS).

Theestablishmentsurveyprovidesinformationonemployment,hours,andearningsofemployeesonnonfarmpayrolls;thedataappearinthe"B"tables,markedESTABLISHMENTDATA.BLScollectsthesedataeachmonthfromthepayrollrecordsofasampleofnonagriculturalbusinessestablishments.EachmonththeCESprogramsurveysabout122,000businessesandgovernmentagencies,representingapproximately666,000individualworksites,inordertoprovidedetailedindustrydataonemployment,hours,andearningsofworkersonnonfarmpayrolls.Theactivesampleincludesapproximatelyone-thirdofallnonfarmpayrolljobs.

Forbothsurveys,thedataforagivenmonthrelatetoaparticularweekorpayperiod.Inthehouseholdsurvey,thereferenceperiodisgenerallythecalendarweekthatcontainsthe12thdayofthemonth.Intheestablishmentsurvey,thereferenceperiodisthepayperiodincludingthe12th,whichmayormaynotcorresponddirectlytothecalendarweek.

Coverage,definitions,anddifferencesbetweensurveysHouseholdsurvey.Thesampleisselectedtoreflect

theentireciviliannoninstitutionalpopulation.Basedon

responsestoaseriesofquestionsonworkandjobsearchactivities,eachperson16yearsandoverinasamplehouseholdisclassifiedasemployed,unemployed,ornotinthelaborforce.

Peopleareclassifiedasemployediftheydidanyworkatallaspaidemployeesduringthereferenceweek;workedintheirownbusiness,profession,orontheirownfarm;orworkedwithoutpayatleast15hoursinafamilybusinessorfarm.Peoplearealsocountedasemployediftheyweretemporarilyabsentfromthe