2023年4月外刊經(jīng)貿知識選讀試題真題答案

202320234月自學考試外刊經(jīng)貿學問選讀試題120234月自學考試外刊經(jīng)貿學問選讀試題課程代碼：00096一、單項選擇題〔15230分〕在每題列出的四個備選項中只有一個可以替代句中劃線的單詞或詞組錯選、多項選擇或未選均無分。Whileexportsarereasonablyrobust,domesticconsumptionremainsmoribund—asignofthecountry’scommonanxietyaboutthefuture.stagnant B.movingC.dynamic D.motivatedIfthathappens,thebacklashfromMr.Obama’ssupporterscouldbefearful.support B.backingC.deduction D.oppositionTheconceptthatwecanturnthisaroundrightnowispatentlyridiculous.patiently B.rightlyC.pervasively D.obviouslyTomovetheJapanesegovernment,Washingtonmustmoveanentirenation.remove B.touchC.influence D.changeEvenduringbuoyanteconomicgrowth,unemploymentremainsashighas10%.slow B.vigorousC.floating D.slackeningTheconsumerswelcomedtheslashinmeatprices.remarkabledrop B.obviousdivisionC.vigorousgrowth D.apparentriseIn1991,forthesecondyearinarow,theeconomiesoflowincomeandmiddle-incomecountriesvirtuallystagnated.repeatedlyB.successivelyC.respectively D.successfullyAnumberofeconomicsandpoliticalblogshaverecentlycaughtontothepoliticalfuturesmarketcraze,particularlyfocusingonIntrade(thepopularsitewherepeoplecanbeton,amongotherthings,thepresidentialelections).indefinitetime B.nearfutureC.prospectivetime D.commoditiestransactedatafuturedateSmallmanufacturersservingnichemarketsandwealthycustomersareprovingrecessionproof.mainstreammarkets B.large-scalemarketsC.targetablemarkets D.currentmarketsYoucanalsosegmentyourtargetsbysizeofbusinessbasedonnumberofemployeesortotalsales.A.divide B.seekC.shoot D.narrowFallingsalesinThailandwereoffsetbygoodreturnsinothermarkets.A.influenced B.balancedC.offended D.bargainedThenewtradeagreementhasfacilitatedeconomicgrowth.A.madeeasier B.madeslowerC.mademoredifficult D.mademorecomplicatedItisanareainwhichABCCompanyreignssupreme.A.rapidest B.mostfamousC.highestinrankorposition D.deepestSpeculatorsprofitedhandsomelysincethepricefluctuatedfromthe1990s.A.wasstable B.wasflexibleC.wasvolatile D.wasregularThepropertywillbesoldtopayofftheircreditors.A.owners B.borrowersC.loaners D.believers二、將以下英語單詞或詞組譯成中文〔本大題共10110分〕vestedinterestswholesalerahermitnationbuzzwordinsolvencytaketitlemarketregulationpublictendercountervailingdutyconsortium三、將以下漢語詞組譯成英文〔本大題共10110分〕26．反通脹政策貿易制裁產(chǎn)地證明書市場動力轉讓人現(xiàn)貨市場常常工程收盤價34．出口配額制35．效勞貿易四、簡答題〔本大題共6小題，每題3分，共18分〕Passage1ForSouthKoreaasawhole,thatseemsasmuchaprophecyasanambition.LikeJapaninthe1960s,thecountryispoisedforanassaultontheworld’sexportmarkets.Itssurging$81billioneconomyischurningoutafloodofincreasinglysophisticatedproducts,fromshoes,toysandtelephonestovideorecordersandmicroprocessors.Korea’smightyconglomeratesdominateMiddleEastconstruction,andtheycommandkeysharesoftheworld’sshipbuilding,textileandsteelindustries.Theiraffiliates,jointventuresandsubsidiariesgirdletheglobe,stretchingfromAustralia,IndonesiaandIndiatoNorway,SpainandGabon,HyundaiandDaewoo,withannualsalesof$10billionand$6billionrespectively,arepushingintotheU.Sautomarket,rivetingtheattentionofAmericanandJapanesemanufacturers.Anothercolossus,the$9billionSamsung,hasstartedmarketinga“supertech”256Kcomputerchip-encouragingsomeKoreanstospeakconfidentlyofthedaywhentheywillbecometheworld’ ssecondlargestmanufacturerofbasicelectroniccomponents,outstrippingAmericaandrunningjustbehindJapan.Pleaserewritethefirstsentenceofthepassageinplainerwords,havingthecentralideasclarified.Istheclauseintroducedbytheunderlined“when”anadverbialclauseoranattributiveone?What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“outstripping”inthelastsentence?Passage2Computerizeddatastorageandelectronicmailweretohaveheraldedthepaperlessoffice.But,contrarytoexpectations,paperconsumptionthroughouttheworldshowsnosignofabating.Infact,consumption,especiallyofprintingandwritingpapers,continuestoincrease.Worlddemandforpaperandboardisnowexpectedtogrowfasterthanthegeneraleconomicgrowthinthenext15years.StrongdemandwillbeunderpinnedbythegrowingindustrializationofSouth-EastAsia,thereemergenceofpaperpackaging,greateruseoffacsimilemachinesandphotocopies,andthepopularityofdirect-mailadvertising.Itispossiblethatby2023,worldpaperandboarddemandwillreach455milliontons,comparedwith241milliontonsin1991.Thepulpandpaperindustryhasnotbeenbadlyaffectedbytheelectronictechnologiesthatpromisedapaperlesssociety.Butwhathasradicallyalteredtheindustry’sstructureispressurefromanotherfront -amoreenvironmentallyconscioussocietydrivinganirreversiblemovetowardscleanerindustrialproduction.Theenvironmentalconsequencesofantiquatedpulpmillpracticesandtechnologieshadmarkedthisindustryasoneinneedofreform.Graphicdescriptionsofdeformedfishandthinningpopulations,particularlyintheBalticSeawhereoldpulpmillshaddischargeduntreatedeffluentfor100years,havedisturbedtheinternationalcommunity.Untilthe1950s,itwascommonforpulpmillsandotherindustriestodischargeuntreatedeffluentintoriversandseas.Theenvironmentaleffectswereatthetimeeithernotunderstood,orregardedasanacceptablecostofeconomicprosperityinanincreasinglyimport-orientedworldeconomy.Butgreaterenvironmentalawarenesshasspurredafundamentalchangeinattitudeinthecommunity,inmovementandinindustryitself.Sincetheearly1980s,mostoftheworld-scalepulpmillsintheScandinaviaandNorthAmericahavemodernizedtheiroperations,outlayingsubstantialamountstoimproveproductionmethods.Changesinmilldesignandprocesseshavebeenaimedatminimizingtheenvironmentaleffectsofeffluentdischargewhileatthesametimeproducingpulpwiththewhitenessandstrengthdemandedbytheinternationalmarket.Theenvironmentalimpetusistakingthisindustryevenfurther,withthefocusnowondevelopingprocessesthatmayeveneliminatewaste-waterdischarges.Buttheghostoftheoldmillscontinuesfaceafloodofenvironment-relatedlegislation.InGermany,companiesarenowbeingheldresponsibleforthewastetheycreate.Whathasthepulpandpaperindustrybeengreatlyaffectedbythesedays?Inthepast,whatwastheprobablepricethattheenvironmentaleffectsofpulpmillpracticeshadtopay?Whyhavesomepapermillsrecentlymodernizedtheirmilldesign?〔本大題共10小題，每題2分，共20分〕Passage1TheInternationalMonetaryFundrecentlyforecastthatEastAsiaissettocontinueitseconomicboomforthenextfewyears.YetSonyannouncedthatitwillnolongerexporttelevisionsetsfromJapanbecauseitcannotpricethemcompetitively.ListentoSony.EveninagrowingmarketsuchasAsia,costscount.Andformanybusinesses,Asiaisbeginningtocosttoomuch.EastAsia’seconomicmiracleisbestsummedupasthebiggestpriceundercutinhistory.Theregiongrewbecauseitwasthecheapestsourceforthelow-technologyconsumergoodsthattheWestcraved.HongKongandSouthKoreadidnotinventnewormoreefficientmanufacturingtechniques;theysimplyboughtmarketsharewithlowwages.ButthesamemarketforcethatledbuyersfromAmericaandEuropetoTaiwanandJapan30yearsagoisnowworkingagainstAsiannationsastheytrytoupgradetheirindustries.Yearsago,anAsianfactoryturningoutshirtswascompetingagainsthuge,unionizedfactoriesinNorthCarolinaandManchester.Today,ashirt-makerinsouthChinahastocompetewith100otherguysinhisowncountry,20factoriesinIndia,5inthePhilippinesandreinvigoratedandhighlyefficientnewplantsintheU.SandEurope.Sony,Hewlett-PackardandFordneedacompetitivebusinessenvironmentthatisbasedonmorethancheappairsofhands.InmuchofEastAsia,inadequateroads,seaportsandairports,telecommunications andotherinfrastructure,highrents,shortageofmanagersandskilledtechnicians,corruptionand,aboveall,governmentinterferencearenowthedecidingfactorswhenmultinationalcorporationschoosetokeepproductioninNorthAmericaorEuroperatherthanswitchittoAsia.Everyday,IseecostsplacingAsiannationsatadisadvantagecomparedwiththeir“cheaper”Westerncompetitors.Inshipping,forinstance,terminalexpensesinJapanandHongKongaretwoorthreetimeshigherthanthoseoftheU.S.A.’sbusiestWestcoastports.Totruckacontainer100milesdownfromsouthernChinatoHongKongcostsmorethantoshipthesamecontainerfromtheUnitedStatesorEuropetoHongKong.TheauthorsuggeststhatbusinessesshouldpaymoreattentiontoSony’sdecisionforthesimplereasonthatSony’sideaactuallyrepresentsthatoftheJapanesemanufacturers.Asianeconomicgrowthwasprimarilybasedontheircheapexportsratherthanhigh-techinnovations.SomemanufacturersoftheadvancedwesterncountrieswerehesitantaboutmovingtoAsiaonlyfortherewasashortageofcompetentmanagers.WhentheauthorarguedthattodobusinessinAsiaistooexpensive,hewasonlymakingcomparisonbetweendoingbusinessinAsiainthepastandtoday.Fromthispassage,wecangetthattheauthorimpliestheAsiancountriesarenotsoefficientinmanufacturing.Passage2It’sabrutaltimeinretail-salesdropped2.7%inDecember,thesixthstraightmonthofdeclines,and0.1%for2023,thefirstannualdipongovernmentrecordsdatingbackto1992.Itwastheworstholidayshoppingseasonin40years.NameoutletslikeCircuitCityandLinens’nThingshavegonebankrupt.Who’snext?Predictingwhichcompanieswillgounderisanotoriouslytrickybusiness,andwewon’ttry that.Butherearefivestrugglingretailerswhosefuturesaredefinitelycloudy,withalookathowtheyhopetosurvive.Talbots,thespecialtyclothingretailer,whichtargetswomenover35,hasrunoutofsteamoverthepast year.Talbots’same-storesalesweredown13.9%inthethirdquarterof2023,andthechainlost$14.8millionduringthattime.Thecompany’sill-fated$400millionpurchaseofwomen’sapparelshopJ.Jillin2023burdeneditsdebtload.“What’shurtingthemmorethananythingisthatthey’vegotlotsofdebtontheirbalancesheet,”saysBettyChen,aretailanalystatWedbushMorganSecurities.Talbotshasshuttereditsmen’s,kidsandU.K.businesses,andisshoppingforabuyerforJ.Jill.Goodluckfindingoneintoday’smarket.Earlierthismonth,investorsreceivedsomeencouragementwhenthecompanysecureda$150millioncreditlinefromthreeJapanesebanks.In2023Talbotsalsosecureda$50millioncreditfacilityfromAeon(U.S.A.)Inc.,awhollyownedsubsidiaryofJ apan’sAeonCo.Ltd.andthemajorityshareholderofTalbots.TheCircuitCityandLinens’nThingsareveryfamouschainstoresinAmericabeforetheywentbankrupt.Theretailsalesdroppedforsixconsecutivemonths.Talbot’smajorconsumersarethosewomenwhoareyoungerthan35.Talbot’sbuyingofJ.Jillhashelpedittoovercomethefinancialdifficulties.Japan’sAeonCo.LtdisamothercompanyofAeon(U.S.A.)Inc.六、翻譯題〔本大題12分〕Consumerpricespostedtheirsmallestincreaseinmorethan50yearsin2023.Agovernmentreporttoday(Friday)saidthesaggingeconomyiskeepinginflationincheck,andslashingdemandforenergy.SeriousU.S.economicproblemsareatthetopofPresident-electBarackObama’sagendaashetriestorallypublicsupportforaplantostiwithgovernmentspendingandtaxcuts.Mr.Obamahassaidhehopestocreatehalfamillionjobswithinvestmentsincleanenergyprojects.一、1:A句意：當出口業(yè)相當穩(wěn)定時，國內消費卻停滯不前——預示著一個國家對將來的普遍擔憂。moribund的意思是“停滯不前的stagnant意為“不流淌的，不活潑的movingdynamicmotivated意為“被鼓勵的；成??的動機stagnant與劃線單詞的意思最接近，故此題選A。2:D句意：假設那〔種狀況〕發(fā)生了，則來自奧巴馬的支持者的猛烈反響將是可怕的。backlash在句中的意思是“猛烈反響〔對supportbacking的意思是“支持；襯托deduction的意思是“推論，推斷opposition的意思是“抵抗，反對opposition與劃線單詞的意思最接近，故此題選D。3:D句意：認為我們能馬上使這種局面好轉起來的想法明顯是荒唐的。patently意為“明顯地，明顯地patientlyrightlypervasivelyobviouslyobviously可替代劃線單詞，故答案選D。4:C句意：要想轉變日本政府的觀念，華盛頓政府必需轉變日本整個民族的觀念。move在句中的意思是“使轉變觀念〔想法removetouch的意思是“觸摸；influence的意思是“影響，起作用change意為“轉變可見，influence與劃線單詞意思最接近，故此題選C。5:B句意：即使在經(jīng)濟持續(xù)增長時，失業(yè)率仍高達10％。buoyant的意思是“活潑的；趨于上升的slowvigorous意為“強有力的；精力旺盛的slackening意為“使放慢〔減緩〕vigorous與buoyantB。6:A句意：消費者期望肉的價格大幅度削減。slash意為“大幅度削減〔價格或時間remarkabledrop意為“大幅度下降slashdivisionvigorousgrowth的意思是“大幅度增加apparentrise意為“明顯的上升A。7:B1990年以來，低收入及中等收入國家的經(jīng)濟已連續(xù)兩年停滯不前了。inarow在句中的意思是“連續(xù)地repeatedlysuccessivelysuccessfullysuccessively故此題選B。8:D句意：一些經(jīng)濟和政治博客最近捕獲到了政治期貨市場的熱潮，尤其側重于Intrade〔一個可供人們推測總統(tǒng)選舉及其他事情的流行網(wǎng)站。futures意為“期貨〔交易中indefinitetime意為“不確定的時間nearfutureprospectivetimecommoditiestransactedatafuturedate意為“在將來的某個日期要交易的商品D項為正確答案。9:C句意：效勞于特定群體市場的小生產(chǎn)者和富有的客戶正在證明經(jīng)濟的衰退。nichemarkets意為“針對特定群體的市場。選項中mainstreammarkets意為“主流市場large scalemarkets意為“大規(guī)模市場targetablemarkets意為“目標市場currentmarkets意為“當前的市場。明顯C項最接近線單詞的意思，故此題選C。10:A句意：同時，你也可以在員工和總銷量的根底上，依據(jù)公司規(guī)模的大小，把目標分割開來。segmentdivide〔配seekshootnarrowdividesegment最接近，故此題選A。11:B句意：泰國市場上銷量的下降被其他市場上可觀的收益給抵消了。offset意為“補償，抵消influenced意為“使受影響balanced意為“使保持平衡；使均衡offended不悅〔快bargained意為“談條件〔價錢B項意思與offset最接近，故此題選B。12:A句意：的貿易協(xié)議促進了經(jīng)濟的增長。facilitated意為“使變得簡潔，使便利madeeasier意為“使變得更加簡潔madeslower意為“使變得mademoredifficult意為“使變得更加困難mademorecomplicated意為“使變得更加簡單見，A項與劃線單詞意思最接近，故此題選A。13:C句意：ABC公司在那個地區(qū)占有確定的市場。supreme意為“最高的rapidest意為“最快的mostfamous意為“最知名的highestinrankorposition意為“在等級或地位方面最高deepestC項為正確答案。14:C90年月價格波動以來，投機商們已獲得了豐碩的收益。fluctuatedwasstablewasflexiblewasvolatilewasregularwasvolatile意思與fluctuated最接近，故此題選C。15:C句意：他們將賣掉房產(chǎn)以歸還債權人。creditors意為“債權人，債主owners意為“物主；全部人borrowers意為“借款者，借方意為“借出者，債權人believersloaners意思與creditors最接近，故此題選C。(10110分)1:(P222)既得利益2:(P223)批發(fā)商3:(P236)一個閉關自守的國家4:(P237)時髦詞語5:(P244)無歸還力量6:(P350)取得全部權7:市場調整8:(P290)公開招標9:(P324)反補貼稅10:(P283)財團；聯(lián)合放款團三、將以下漢語詞組譯成英文(10110分)1:(P115)deinflatio