適航專業(yè)飛操-飛機飛行操縱系統(tǒng)與液壓系統(tǒng)

適航專業(yè)------飛機飛行操縱系統(tǒng)與液壓系統(tǒng)Fromtheviewof

powerEnergyoccursindifferentforms

in

an aircraft.Themajor amountofpowerisrequiredinform

of

thrust toovercometheaircraftweightanddragwhileflyinga

specificmission.1，簡介--飛機飛行原理Fromtheviewof

controlStability–Controllability-

SafetyPerformance:longdistance,heavyload,highspeed,highaltitude,lesspowerloss(saving-power),environmentalfriendly,andso

onSystem

engineeringPilot--Flightcontrol

system--AircraftPilot instruments

+subsystems(incockpit--

interface)Human-machine:closed-loop

systemPilot-in-the-loop airplaneplaneAutomationparts+airplane==equivalent

airplaneSubsystems:such

asEnginesystem,fuelsystem,hydraulicandpneumaticsystem,electricalsystem,Landinggearsystem,Environmentcontrolsystem,Iceandrainprotectionsystem,Flightcontrol

systemPrimarycontrolsystemandsecondarycontrol

system2，飛行操縱系統(tǒng)介紹飛機飛行操縱系統(tǒng)重要性Flightcontrolsystem-thosecomponents

andelementsthatinteracttoprovidepilotwithabilitytocontrolaircraftduringtakeoff,flight,landing,and

taxiing–Includescockpitcontrols,transmittingelements,controlsurfaceactivatingdevices,andfeedbackelements即:

座艙控制,操縱傳動,可控舵面驅(qū)動機構(gòu)以及反饋部件液壓系統(tǒng)座艙駕駛盤人感機構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)傳動機構(gòu)舵機飛操發(fā)展Mechanical

Controls(機械操縱)Hydraulic-Assisted

&Power-Control(助力操縱)Regulationsupdatedtoaccommodatechanges適航條例與時俱進Fly-by-Wire

(FBW)(電傳操縱)Stabilityand

ControlAugmentation

Controls(增益操縱)簡單機械操縱系統(tǒng)助力機械操縱系統(tǒng)增穩(wěn)操縱系統(tǒng)電信號電傳操縱系統(tǒng)Thepilotmovesthecockpitcontrol,whichisconnectedtocontrolvalve.Dependingontheamountofvalvemovement,hydraulicfluidunderpressuremovestotheappropriatesideoftheoperatingjackwhichisconnectedtothecontrolsurface.全權(quán)限的“電信號系統(tǒng)+控制增穩(wěn)”的飛行操縱系統(tǒng)。Reliabilityand

redundancySchematicofFly-by-lightflightcontrol

systemLight-wiremixed

FCS飛行控制計算機指令光導(dǎo)纖維O/E舵機駕駛桿/腳蹬力變換器計算機

E/O接口伺服放大器光位移傳感器O/E光導(dǎo)纖維Evolutionofflightcontrolsystems

(Signaling)與飛操交叉的系統(tǒng)工程Systems

engineer:Mechanical,hydraulicand

electricalportionsofflightcontrol

systemAirframe

engineer:StructuralportionsofFCS,

includingstructuralaspectsofhydraulicparts(e.g.,strengthof

actuators)Flightcontrol

interfaces:--Autopilot,FMS,navigation,

displays3，飛機液壓系統(tǒng)Hydraulicsystemsand

componentsThecommoncomponentsofhydraulicsystems

are:comprisedoftwo

parts:thepowersystem,

andtheactuatingsystempartoftheoverallhydraulicsystem.Reservoir:closed-loop,storingthe

oilPumps:generatethehydraulicenergyfrommechanical

typePressureregulator:hydraulicpressurerateand

stableAccumulator:make-up,damper

(shock-absorber)Checkvalve:fluidflow

directionReliefvalve:protecttheworkingpressurewithinthe

suitablerangeSelector,controltheoilflowinoroutfromthetwo

chambersActuator,activatethesurfacebyoutputforceconverted

fromhydraulic

energy.Q:Ifanelectricalsystemwereusedinsteadofahydraulicsystem,Howto

configurate?Ageneratorwouldtaketheplaceofthe

pump,andamotorwouldtaketheplaceoftheactuatingcylinder.Accumulator-battery;Voltageregulator-pressure

regulatorValve-switchReservoir-earth

point飛操設(shè)計規(guī)則1, Redundancy,reliability,

detectability2, Primary

control

systems主操縱系統(tǒng)特點–Rapidandlargechangesinaircraft

attitude余度,

可靠性,

可檢測性Secondary

control

systems輔助操縱特點–Sloworsmallchangesinaircraft

controls3, Considerstructuralload&systemdesign

requirementstogether 結(jié)構(gòu)載荷與系統(tǒng)性能4, Automatic

control

systems

–

自動控制Flight

control

systems–人工操縱5, Moderncontrol

synthesis現(xiàn)代飛行控制綜合: 增穩(wěn)與自動駕駛綜合 飛控與飛行管理綜合Poweredcontrol

failure-redundancyIntheeventofafailureofthepowercontrolsystemsome

formofbackupmustbe

provided.1,backup-components+2,

backup-systemsThereisredundancytothesystembyhavingmultiple

hydraulicjacksdrivenfromseparatehydraulicsystems,eachhydraulicsystemhavingitsownpower

source.Someaircraftswhichareapprovedforextendedrangeoperation(EROPS),suchastheB

767-300

ER, havethreeseparatehydraulicsystemsfortheprimaryflightcontrols

toprovidemultiple

redundancy.在適航條例中,避免災(zāi)難性的單體故障是重要的,基本的針對飛行操縱系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計規(guī)定2套液壓系統(tǒng)2套電氣系統(tǒng)Flightcontrolactuationalsomovestowarda"moreelectricaircraft“or“all-electricaircraft”.TheAirbusA380isthefirstcommercialaircrafttouseelectricallysuppliedactuatorsforprimaryflightcontrolactuation.(EHAor

EMA)Incombinationwiththe2H-2Epower

distributionarchitecture,followingfigurethese

actuatorsareusedasbackupandallowtocanceloneof

thethreehydraulic

circuits.CCAR-25

我國運輸類飛機適航標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中:A

分部:

總則B

分部:

飛行-

操縱性與機動性C

分部:

結(jié)構(gòu)-操縱面和操縱系統(tǒng)載荷,地