2021年湖南省永州市中考英語之閱讀重點(diǎn)詞匯及練習(xí) （五）

2021中考英語之閱讀重點(diǎn)詞匯及練習(xí)（五）

閱讀中重點(diǎn)詞匯

Augustn.八月

auntn.伯母，舅母，嬸，姑，姨

Australian,澳洲，澳大利亞

Australiana.澳洲的，澳大利亞的n.澳大利亞人

autumnn.秋天，秋季

avoidv.避免

awayad.離開，遠(yuǎn)離

awakeadj.

▲awfuladj.可怕的；極壞的；

babyn.嬰兒

backad.回（原處），向后n.背后，后部，背

bad（worse,worst）a.壞的，有害的，不利的，嚴(yán)重的

bagn.書包，提包，袋子

balln.球，舞會(huì)

bananan.

bandn.樂隊(duì)，樂團(tuán)；一伙,一群，一幫

bankn.（河、海、湖的）岸，堤

Abaseballn.棒球

Abasica.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的n.基礎(chǔ)，要素

basketn.籃子

basketballn.籃球

bathroomn.

beauxv.(is,am,are,was,were,being,been)是，成為

beachn.海濱，海灘

Abearn.熊v.承受，負(fù)擔(dān)，承擔(dān)，忍受，容忍

beatv.(beat,beaten)敲打，跳動(dòng)，打贏n.(音樂)節(jié)拍

beautifula.美的，美麗的，美觀的

becauseconj.因?yàn)?/p>

become(became,become)v.變得，成為

bedn.床

bedroomn.寢室，臥室

Abeefn.牛肉

beforeprep.在…以前，在…前面ad,以前conj.在…之前

begin(began,begun)v.開始，著手

behindprep.ad.(表示位置)在...后

believev.相信，認(rèn)為

belln.鐘，鈴，鐘(鈴)聲，鐘形物

▲belongv.

belowprep.在...下面

閱讀理解A

Duringtheoutbreakofnovelcoronavirus,citiesarelockeddownandbordersare

closed.Science,onthecontrary,isbecomingmoreopen.Andthis“openscience”is

alreadymakingadifference.

SoonaftertheepidemicstartedinChina,aresearchteamfromFudanUniversity

inShanghaisuccessfullysequenced(測(cè)定序列)theDNAofthevirus.Buttheydidn't

keeptheinformationtothemselves.Instead,theyplacedthesequencesonGenBank,

anopen-accessdataplatform,soresearchersaroundtheworldcoulddownloadthem

forfreeandstartstudyingthevirus.

Duetothisopenness,pharmaceutical（制藥的）companiesacrosstheglobeare

nowabletoworksimultaneously（同時(shí)地）todevelopavaccine."Theremayberoom

formultipledifferentvaccinesfordifferentpurposesanddifferentagegroups/9

AmeshAdalja,aseniorscholarattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityCenterfbrHealth

SecurityintheUS,toldAlJazeera,"Thebiggermenuwehaveofvaccines,themore

resilient（有適應(yīng)力的）we'Hbeagainstcoronavirusoutbreaksinthefuture.

Majordrugcompaniesaroundtheworldarealsosharingtheirstudyresults.

Remdesivir,adrugoriginallydevelopedbyUScompanyGileadSciencestotreat

Ebola,isfoundtobepromisinginfightingagainstthenovelcoronavirus.Cuirently,

twotrialsofthedrugarealreadyunderwayinChina,andtheresultsmightbe

availableassoonasApril,accordingtoTheVerge.

Thisopennessinscienceisgoingtobeevenmorecrucial（關(guān)鍵的）inthefuture.

“Withclimatechange,increasingglobalization,andpopulationshifts,epidemicswill

notgoaway,andmightevenbecomemorefrequent,DanBarouch,aHarvard

MedicalSchoolprofessor,toldHarvardMagazine.

Hesaid,“Noonegroupcandoeverything.Ithastobeacoordinated（合作的）

approach.ButIdothinkthattheworldhasagreatersenseofreadinessthistimeto

developknowledge,drugs,andtherapeutics（療法）veryrapidly.”

Everyepidemicisindeedacrisis,butitcanalsobealearningopportunity.One

redeeming（補(bǔ)償?shù)模ゝactoroftheCOVID-19outbreakisthatitishelpingscience

adaptforthebetter.

1.Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?

A.Coordinatedeffortstofighttheepidemic.

B.Somethingpositivewe'velearnedfromtheepidemic.

C.Thesignificanceofopennessandsharingofscientificknowledge.

D.Whatneedstobedonetopreventfutureepidemics.

2.WhatisthepositiveeffectoftheresearchteamfromFudanUniversityplacingthe

geneticsequenceofthevirusontoGenBank?

A.Theyalertedtheworldtothedangerofthevirus.

B.Theyhelpedremovepeople'sfearofthevirus.

C.Theyshowedtheworldhowtoproduceavaccine.

D.Theyinvitedcollectiveeffortsworldwidetodevelopavaccine.

3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofmentioningremdesivirinthetext?

A.lbintroduceapossiblecurefortheepidemic.

B.TocomparethetreatmentofEbolaandthenovelcoronavirus.

C.Toprovethatmanydrugcompaniesreadilysharetheirdiscoveries.

D.Ibshowthatthenovelcoronaviruswillsoonbecontained.

4.WhichofthefollowingwouldDanBarouchprobablydisagreewith?

A.Epidemicswillbelessfrequentthankstoscientificdevelopment.

B.Theworldisbecomingbetterpreparedtodealwithepidemics.

C.Nosinglegroupcanfightagainsttheepidemicsindependently.

D.Theincreaseinglobalizationmayworsenfutureepidemics.

閱讀理解B

WhenmyfamilymovedtoAmericain2010fromasmallvillageinGuangdong,China,we

broughtnotonlyourluggage,butalsoourvillagerules,customsandculture.Oneoftherulesis

thatyoungpeopleshouldalwaysrespect（尊敬）elders.Unluckily,thisruleledtomyveryfirst

embarrassmentintheUnitedStates.

Ihadapart-timejobasawaiterinaChineserestaurant.Onetime,whenIwasservingfood

toamiddle-agedcouple,thewifeaskedmehowthefoodcouldbeservedsoquickly.Itoldher

thatIhadmadesuretheygottheirfoodquicklybecauseIalwaysrespecttheelderly.AssoonasI

saidthat,herfaceshowedgreatdispleasure.Mymanager,whohappenedtohearwhatIsaid,took

measideandgavemealonglectureabouthowsensitive（敏感）Americansareandhowthey

dislikethedescription"old".Ithenwalkedbacktothetableandapologizedtothewife.Afterthe

coupleheardmyreason,theyunderstoodthattheproblemwascausedbyculturaldifferences,so

theylaughedandwerenolongerangry.

InmyvillageinChina,peopleareproudofbeingold.Notsomanypeoplelivetobeseventy

oreighty,andpeoplewhoreachsuchanagehavethemostknowledgeandexperience.Young

peoplealwaysrespectolderpeoplebecausetheyknowtheycanlearnfromtheirrichexperience.

However,intheUnitedStates,peoplethink“growingold”isaproblemsince"old"showsthata

personisgoingtoretireorthatthebodyisnotworkingwell.Heremanypeopletrytokeep

themselvesawayfromgrowingoldbydoingexercisesorjogging,andwomenputonmakeup,

hopingtolookyoung.WhenItoldthecoupleintherestaurantthatIrespecttheelderly,theygot

angrybecausethiscausedthemtofeeltheyhadfailedtostayyoung.Ihadtoldthemsomething

theydidn'twanttohear.

Afterthat,IchangedthewayIhadbeenwitholderpeople.ItisnotthatIdon'trespectthem

anymore;Istillrespectthem,butnowIdon'tshowmyfeelingsthroughwords.

ByJack

5.Jackbroughtthecoupletheirfoodveryfastbecause.

A.themanageraskedhimtodosoB.herespectedtheelderly

C.thecouplewantedhimtodosoD.hewantedmorepay

6.WhenJackcalledthecouple“elderly”,theybecame.

A.nervousB.satisfiedC.unhappyD.excited

7.InJack'shometown,.

A.peopledislikebeingcalled"old"B.peopleareproudofbeingold

C.manypeoplereachtheageofseventyoreighty

D.theelderlyarethefirsttogetfoodinrestaurants

8.Afterthisexperience,Jack.

A.losthisjobintherestaurantB.madefriendswiththecouple

C.nolongerrespectedtheelderlyD.changedhiswaywitholderpeople

9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.ThemoreJackexplained,theangrierthecouplegot.

B.Jackwantedtoshowhisfeelingsthroughwordsafterhisexperience.

C.Themanagerwentbacktothetableandapologizedtothecouple.

D.Fromthisexperience,JacklearnedmoreaboutAmericanculture.

閱讀理解C

MarkZuckerberg,whostartsthesocialnetworkFacebook,oftenwearsjeansand

aT-shirttowork,includingtoimportantbusinessmeetings.Noteveryoneagreeswith

him.Somepeoplesayhedoesn*tlookseriousthisway.

HarvardBusinessSchoolresearcher,FrancescaGino,hasadifferentidea.While

mostpeopleseemtothinkthatdressingdifferentlyfromthosearoundyougenerally

hasabadinfluence,shebelievesitcanactuallyhaveapositive（積極的）effect.And

she'sdoneexperimentstosupportheridea.Whenherresearchers,wearingsportswear,

visitedtheexpensiveshopsanItaly,theywereusuallyviewedaswealthierandmore

importantpeoplethanthosewhowerewell-dressedindesignerclothes.

Dopeoplealwaysviewlessformal（正式的）clothingmorepositively?

ResearchersinFrancetooktheirresearchoutintothestreet,tothegeneralpublic.The

videotheymadeshowsanactordressedinawell-cutsuitandshinyshoes.While

walkingalongtheroad,hebeginstocoughbadly,stopstocatchhisbreathandfalls

down.Beforeheevencallsforhelp,peoplerushtohelphim.Inanothervideo,the

actorappearsatthesamecrowdedplaceandrepeatstheactionsinexactlythesame

way.Butthistime,noonecomestohelp.What'sthedifference?He'swearinguntidy

clothesandlookslikeahomelessperson.Inasituationlikethis,theclothesyou're

wearingcouldmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.

Itseemsthatourclothingdoesn'tonlychangethewayothersviewus,butalso

thewayweseeourselves.Inanexperimenttestingstudents9abilitytopayattentionto

details（細(xì)節(jié)），thegroupwearingwhitelabcoatsdidthebest.Why?Researcherstold

themthattheywerewearingthedoctorscoats.Theexperimentdidn'tshowwhether

suchinfluencesw