2023年全國統(tǒng)一高考英語試卷（北京卷）（含答案與解析）

2023年全國統(tǒng)一高考英語試卷（北京卷）第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。1．（15分）Iwasalwaystimid（羞怯的）.Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven（1），soitwassurprisingI'd（2）toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon"WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass".Thatwouldtakeallnight!AfterIgothome，though.Itookmytimepettingthecat﹣postponingthepain.WhenIfinallysatdownto（3），IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom（4）.Oneparagraphdown；nowwhat？Ichewedonmypencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal？WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway，I'dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout，peoplewouldsay，"Sheusedtotalkinclass."Thepagesbegan（5）.Butwhenmumgothomefromwork，Iwasstill（6），"Fivepages!That'simpossible!""Well，you'dbettergetbacktowork，"shesaid."andIwanttoreaditwhenyou'rethrough."Soonafterdinner，Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda（7）﹣atleastan"Ihopeyou'velearnedyourlesson".（8），mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.Thenextday，whenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass，everyonelaughed.Icould（9）theyweren'tmakingfunofme：theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My（10）stillneededsomenudging（激發(fā)），butIdidlearnIwasn'tshyinprint.（1） A.freer B.shyer C.calmer D.happier（2） A.nod B.point C.listen D.chat（3） A.weep B.rest C.write D.read（4） A.learning B.playing C.planning D.laughing（5） A.standingout B.flyingby C.breakingup D.checkingin（6） A.celebrating B.longing C.complaining D.warning（7） A.lecture B.reason C.reward D.solution（8） A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.Instead（9） A.hope B.imagine C.tell D.predict（10） A.patience B.confidence C.tolerance D.independence第二節(jié)（共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。2．（15分）AEverycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules，suchasonesonpunctuality（守時）.I'mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland，I（1）（throw）ahouse﹣warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup（2）（exact）ontime.Yearslater，havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner，onlytofindthatnootherguest（3）（arrive）andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.BMangroves，knownas"redforest"inChina，growbetweenlandandsea，characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When（4）（see）fromafar，themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect（5）（city）fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons，theyarepraisedas"coastalguardians".Uptonow，China（6）（establish）anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.CNinahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention（7）globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear﹣longseriesofrunsinChicago，（8）thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction（9）（address）thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld（10）（face）"toolittlewaterortoodirtywater".Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled"RunBlue".第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。3．（6分）TheInternationalOlympicCommittee（IOC）YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty﹣fiveYoaungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafour﹣yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues，spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.TobeanIOCYoungLeader，youneedtofirstcompletethe4﹣WeekLearningSprint（沖刺）.4﹣WeekLearningSprintThe4﹣WeekLearningSprint，whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023，isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek，participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.The4﹣WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone，withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4﹣WeekLearningSprint，youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject，whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.RequirementsfortheApplicants?Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4﹣WeekLearningSprint.?Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.?Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.?Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.?Youareself﹣motivatedandcommitted.?Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.?Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers（同伴）.?Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.（1）Inthe4﹣WeekLearningSprint，participantswill.A.createchangeintheircommunityB.attendavirtuallearningprogrammeC.meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD.promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject（2）IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto.A.completeareflectiontaskeachweekB.watchsportsontheIOCchannelC.workonasport﹣basedprojectD.coachandadvisetheirpeers（3）Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants？A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B.Havingatleastone﹣yearworkexperience.C.Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D.Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.4．（8分）Sittinginthegardenformyfriend'sbirthday.feltabuzz（振動）inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender'sname.Theemailstartedoff："DearMrGreen，thankyouforyourinterest"and"thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected."Itendedwith"Wearesorrytoinformyou…"andmyvisionblurred（模糊）.Theposition﹣measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme﹣hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying，andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen，notlongaftertheemail，ProfessorMaryDevon，whowasrunningtheprogramme，invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance，andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked﹣andoverjoyed﹣whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn'tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto，butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject，whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert，notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn't.Intheend.Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool，Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit，itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective（視角）tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone，I'velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered，eveniftheydon'tsoundperfectatthetime，andmakethemostofthem.（1）Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender'sname？A.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.（2）AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon，theauthordecidedto.A.criticisethereviewprocessB.staylongerintheSaharaDesertC.applytotheoriginalprojectagainD.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork（3）Accordingtotheauthor，theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas.A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Aninvitationisareputation.B.Aninnovationisaresolution.C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.5．（6分）Inrecentyears，researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort﹣termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger﹣termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld'smostseriousproblems：climatechange，biodiversitycollapse，andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere"onlythepresentexists，apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow".Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias（偏向）towardsthepresent，focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth，well﹣beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness，thisbiassurfacesasshort﹣sighteddecisions.Andonslow﹣burningproblemslikeclimatechange，ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices（犧牲）todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead，allthatmattersisnextquarter'sprofit，orsatisfyingsomeothernear﹣termdesires.Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay，though，thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People'shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample，butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance，youmighthearsomeonesay："It'scoldthiswinter，soIneedn'tworryaboutglobalwarming."Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance，makingpeopleignorelonger﹣termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan，say，gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked，ifaliens（外星人）wantedtoweakenhumanity，theywouldn'tsendships；theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed，whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations，wecandevelopaformofcollective"poormemory"，andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday，forexample，canrememberatimewithinsect﹣coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children，ontheotherhand，havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.（1）TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto.A.drawacomparisonB.introduceatopicC.evaluateastatementD.highlightaproblem（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？A.Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.B.Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.C.Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.D.Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.（3）Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus？A.Far﹣sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.B.Humanstendtomakelong﹣termsacrifices.C.Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision﹣making.D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear﹣termdesires.6．（8分）Whatislife？Likemostgreatquestions，thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple：weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit'schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife﹣calledALifeforshort﹣isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife'sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners，so﹣calledALifers，thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism，suchasdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith，acomplexityscientist，istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout"thepoint"ofALifemightbe，well，missingthepointentirely，hesays."Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything."Alansays."Somepeopleaskme，'Sowhat'stheworthofartificiallife？'Doyoueverthink，'Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother？'"AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasisingtheirresearch'sapplications，theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamouredbyaconceptcalledopen﹣endedevolution（演化）.Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity，tobeasortof"noveltygenerator".TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth'sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife'sendless"creativity"insomevirtunlmodel，thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl，advancesinALifearehardertorecognise.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept﹣﹣lifeitself﹣isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn'thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse，ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled（混亂的）progressionisastrikingparallel（平行線）totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled，ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe，ofcourse，thatthesecharacteristicsaren'tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps，justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse，theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.（1）RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife，theauthorisA.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful（2）Whatdoestheword"enamoured"underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean？A.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.（4）Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut？B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve，Too？C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay？D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve，Too？第二節(jié)（共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。7．（10分）It'sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.（1）WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation，they'reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.（2）Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower﹣rankeduniversities，onaverage，scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher﹣rankeduniversities.（3）Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh﹣qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings，however，areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon'tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrollment（注冊）orfunding.（4）Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching，thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult？Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures，whichleadtolowersuccessrates.（5）Nevertheless，notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh﹣qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources，higherrankingsandincreasedenrollments.Inthelongterm，universities，organisationsthatrankschools，andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued，corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo？Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh﹣qualityteachingisvalued，eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore，it'snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation﹣buildingfactor.D.However，therankingsignoreacriticalfactor：thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They'reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact，universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4題；第（1）、（2）題各2分，第（3）題3分，第（4）題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。8．（12分）Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld，whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues（刺激）withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime，thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered（觸發(fā)）bythesecues.A"habitloop（環(huán)）"isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue，theroutine，andthereward.Forexample，stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating，whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour，it'snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge，asahabitis.Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake，andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition，it'spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors，includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks.ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre﹣evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem（ordon't）.Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange，includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.（1）Howarehabitsbuilt？（2）Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit？（3）Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement，thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweeks，whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.（4）Whatbenefit（s）haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits？（Inabout40words）第二節(jié)（20分）9．（20分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim正在策劃一次以"綠色北京"為主題的社團活動，他發(fā)來郵件詢問你的建議。請你用英文給他回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：（1）活動形式；（2）活動內(nèi)容。注意：（1）詞數(shù)100左右；（2）開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim，Yours，LiHua【參考答案與解析】1．【答案】（1）B ；（2）D；（3）C；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）A；（8）D；（9）C；（10）B；【解析】本文主要寫了主人公害羞膽小，新來到學(xué)校使他更加害羞，但他意外地向周圍的人開口說話。（1）A.freer更自由的；B.shyer更害羞的；C.calmer更冷靜的；D.happier更高興的。句意：初來乍到讓我更加害羞，所以很驚訝我會和周圍的人聊天。根據(jù)上句Iwasalwaystimid可知我總是很膽小。說明剛到新學(xué)校讓我更加害羞。故答案為B。（2）A.nod點頭；B.point指向；C.listen聽；D.chat聊天。句意：初來乍到讓我更加害羞，所以很驚訝我會和周圍的人聊天。根據(jù)下句NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon"WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass".可知現(xiàn)在我付出了代價﹣﹣﹣寫一篇五頁的文章，題目是“為什么我不應(yīng)該在課堂上說話”。說明令人驚訝的是，我會和身邊的任何人聊天。故答案為D。（3）A.weep哭泣；B.rest休息；C.write寫；D.read讀書。句意：當(dāng)我終于坐下來開始寫作時，我從布萊克女士想聽的理由開始。根據(jù)后文"Well，you'dbettergetbacktowork，"shesaid."andIwanttoreaditwhenyou'rethrough."可知“好吧，你最好回去工作，”她說。“你看完后，我想看看。”說明我在寫東西。故答案為C。（4）A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.playing玩；C.planning計劃；D.laughing笑。句意：談話使我和我的鄰居無法學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)前文NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon"WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass".Thatwouldtakeallnight!可知現(xiàn)在我付出了代價﹣﹣﹣寫一篇五頁的文章，題目是“為什么我不應(yīng)該在課堂上說話”。那要花一整晚的時間！說明談話使我和我的鄰居無法學(xué)習(xí)。故答案為A。（5）A.standingout突顯；B.flyingby飛過；C.breakingup分手；D.checkingin登記入住。句意：書頁開始飛逝。根據(jù)后文Soonafterdinner，Ihandedtheessaytomum可知晚飯后不久，我把文章交給了媽媽。說明文章開始飛逝。故答案為B。（6）A.celebrating慶祝；B.longing渴望；C.complaining抱怨；D.warning警告。句意：但是當(dāng)媽媽下班回家時，我還在抱怨，“五頁！那不可能！”根據(jù)下句"Fivepages!That'simpossible!"可知“五頁！那不可能！”說明我還在抱怨。故答案為C。（7）A.lecture說教；B.reason原因；C.reward獎勵；D.solution解決方法。句意：我有點期待一場說教﹣﹣﹣至少是一句“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)”。根據(jù)下文atleastan"Ihopeyou'velearnedyourlesson".可知我有點期待一場說教﹣﹣﹣至少是一句“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)”。故答案為A。（8）A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.Meanwhile同時；D.Instead相反。句意：相反，媽媽一邊讀一邊笑。根據(jù)上句Ihalfexpecteda（7）﹣atleastan"Ihopeyou'velearnedyourlesson".（我有點期待一場說教﹣﹣﹣至少是一句“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)”。）和下句mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.（媽媽一邊讀一邊笑。）可知前后句是相反的。故答案為D。（9）A.hope希望；B.imagine想象；C.tell告訴，判斷；D.predict預(yù)測。句意：我知道他們沒有取笑我。根據(jù)下句theyweren'tmakingfunofme可知我知道他們沒有取笑我。故答案為C。（10）A.patience耐心；B.confidence自信；C.tolerance忍受；D.independence獨立。句意：我的自信仍然需要一些推動，但我確實知道我在書面語方面并不害羞。根據(jù)上句theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory可知他們笑了，因為我有能力講一個有趣的故事。說明我非常自信。故答案為B。2．【答案】A:（1）threw；（2）exactly；（3）arrived/hadarrived；B:（4）seen；（5）cities；（6）hasestablished；C:（7）to；（8）where；（9）toaddress；（10）facing；【解析】這是三個片段：A這是一篇說明文，主要講述了各文化的不同。B這是一篇說明文，主要講述了中國"紅色森林"的作用。C這是一篇說明文，主要講述了尼娜在32個國家跑過馬拉松。她所有的跑步活動都有一個指導(dǎo)目的：呼吁人們關(guān)注全球水資源問題。她的努力鼓勵其他人參與到一場名為“藍(lán)色奔跑”的全球運動中來。（1）句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我舉辦了一個喬遷派對，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時出現(xiàn)時，我感到非常驚訝。描述過去的事情，所以用一般過去時態(tài)，故填threw。（2）句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我舉辦了一個喬遷派對，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時出現(xiàn)時，我感到非常驚訝。修飾動詞，所以用副詞，故填exactly。（3）句意：我在約定的時間赴宴，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有其他客人來，女主人還穿著睡衣。描述過去的事情，所以用一般過去時態(tài)，也可以理解為find是過去發(fā)現(xiàn)，arrive發(fā)生在find之前，所以是過去的過去，用過去完成時。故填arrived/hadarrived。（4）句意：從遠(yuǎn)處看，紅樹林顯得更加壯麗。see和句子主語themangroveforests之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)wereseen，此處前后句子主語一致，所以前面省略了主語和were，故填seen。（5）句意：紅樹林可以幫助軟化海浪，保護城市免受海風(fēng)的侵襲。city為可數(shù)名詞，所以用名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示不止一個，故填cities。（6）句意：到目前為止，中國已經(jīng)建立了一批紅樹林保護區(qū)。根據(jù)時間狀語Uptonow，可知用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，主語為專有名詞，所以have改為has。故填hasestablished。（7）句意：她所有的跑步活動都有一個指導(dǎo)目的：呼吁人們關(guān)注全球水資源問題。callattentionto"喚起注意"，為固定搭配，故填to。（8）句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個水會議。先行詞為地點名詞，在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語，故填where。（9）句意：她呼吁采取行動，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。此處為動詞不定式作目的狀語，故填toaddress。（10）句意：她呼吁采取行動，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭。face和它所修飾的詞people之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故填facing。3．【答案】（1）B ；（2）C；（3）B；【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要講述了要成為一名國際奧委會青年領(lǐng)袖，你需要首先完成為期4周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺。（1）根據(jù)文章4﹣WeekLearningSprint部分的The4﹣WeekLearningSprint，whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023，isavirtuallearningprogramme（為期4周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺將于2023年11月進行，是一個虛擬學(xué)習(xí)計劃）可知在為期4周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺中，參與者將參加一個虛擬學(xué)習(xí)項目。故選B。（2）根據(jù)文章4﹣WeekLearningSprint部分的Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4﹣WeekLearningSprint，youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject，whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.（在成功完成為期4周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺后，你將需要提交一份基于體育的項目計劃，如果你被選為國際奧委會青年領(lǐng)袖，你將參與該項目。）可知如果被選為國際奧委會的青年領(lǐng)袖，他將需要從事一個以體育為基礎(chǔ)的項目。故選C。（3）根據(jù)文章RequirementsfortheApplicants部分的Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.（你至少有一年的工作經(jīng)驗。）可知對申請人的要求是至少有一年的工作經(jīng)驗。故選B。4．【答案】（1）A；（2）D；（3）B；（4）C；【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了最初的拒絕給予了更好的方向。（1）根據(jù)文章第一段MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender'sname.Theemailstartedoff："DearMrGreen，thankyouforyourinterest"and"thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected."Itendedwith"Wearesorrytoinformyou…"andmyvisionblurred（當(dāng)我看到電子郵件發(fā)件人的名字時，我的心跳加速。郵件開頭寫道：“親愛的格林先生，感謝您的關(guān)注”和“審查過程比預(yù)期的要長?！彼浴拔覀兒鼙傅赝ㄖ恪苯Y(jié)束，我的視線模糊了）可知作者在看到電子郵件發(fā)件人的名字時感到焦慮。故選A。（2）根據(jù)文章第二段SoIwasshockedwhen，notlongaftertheemail，ProfessorMaryDevon，whowasrunningtheprogramme，invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance，andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked﹣andoverjoyed﹣whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn'tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto，butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.（因此，當(dāng)郵件發(fā)出后不久，項目負(fù)責(zé)人瑪麗?德文教授邀請我去觀察她實驗室的工作時，我感到非常震驚。我欣然接受了這個機會，幾周后，當(dāng)她邀請我和她談?wù)勎铱梢栽谒膶嶒炇依镞M行的潛在項目時，我同樣感到震驚和欣喜。她提出的建議似乎沒有我申請的最初項目那么令人興奮，但我會全力以赴。）可知與德文教授交談后，作者決定全心全意地投入實驗室工作。故選D。（3）根據(jù)文章第三段Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject，whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert，notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn't.Intheend.Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.（我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在和一位機器人學(xué)教授一起研究從沙漠中遠(yuǎn)程收集數(shù)據(jù)的技術(shù)。那個項目，我可以在我的沙發(fā)上完成，而不是在炎熱的沙漠中，它不僅經(jīng)受住了封鎖，而且在傳統(tǒng)方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。我有了新的科學(xué)興趣去追求。）可知機器人學(xué)教授的項目很鼓舞人心。故選B。（4）根據(jù)文章最后一段Ratherthansettingplansinstone，I'velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered，eveniftheydon'tsoundperfectatthetime，andmakethemostofthem.（我明白了有時候我需要抓住提供的機會，即使這些機會在當(dāng)時聽起來并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不變地制定計劃。）可知本文主要講述了最初的拒絕給予了更好的方向。因此C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.“拒絕可以是重定向”符合題意。故選C。5．【答案】（1）D；（2）C；（3）A；【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了事實證明，人們對現(xiàn)在有一種偏見，只關(guān)注當(dāng)下引人注目的事物，而犧牲了未來自己或社區(qū)的健康、幸福和財務(wù)穩(wěn)定。（1）根據(jù)文章第一段Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger﹣termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld'smostseriousproblems：climatechange，biodiversitycollapse，andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere"onlythepresentexists，apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow".（無法處理長期原因和后果導(dǎo)致了一些世界上最嚴(yán)重的問題：氣候變化、生物多樣性崩潰等等。歷史學(xué)家弗朗西斯?科爾（FrancisCole）認(rèn)為，西方已經(jīng)進入了一個“只存在當(dāng)下的時代，這種當(dāng)下的特點是瞬間的殘酷和無休止的現(xiàn)在的無聊”。）可知作者引用弗朗西斯?科爾主要是為了突出一個問題。故選D。（2）根據(jù)文章第三段Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay，though，thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People'shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample，butthereareothers（這些有偏見的觀點不能歸咎于單一的原因。不過，公平地說，我們的心理偏見起了主要作用。人們對延遲滿足的猶豫不決是最明顯的例子，但還有其他例子）可知人類的頭腦不擅長緩慢的變化。故選C。（3）根據(jù)文章第二段Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias（偏向）towardsthepresent，focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth，well﹣beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness，thisbiassurfacesasshort﹣sighteddecisions.Andonslow﹣burningproblemslikeclimatechange，ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices（犧牲）todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead，allthatmattersisnextquarter'sprofit，orsatisfyingsomeothernear﹣termdesires.（事實證明，人們對現(xiàn)在有一種偏見，只關(guān)注當(dāng)下引人注目的事物，而犧牲了未來自己或社區(qū)的健康、幸福和財務(wù)穩(wěn)定。在商業(yè)中，這種偏見表現(xiàn)為短視的決策。在氣候變化等緩慢燃燒的問題上，這意味著不愿意今天做出小的犧牲，而這些犧牲可能會在明天產(chǎn)生重大影響。相反，最重要的是下一季度的利潤，或者滿足其他一些近期愿望。）可知作者想告訴我們有遠(yuǎn)見的思考對人類的重要性。故選A。6．【答案】（1）A；（2）C；（3）B；（4）D；【解析】本文為說明文。文章主要探討了ALife是否也在不斷地進化的問題。（1）根據(jù)第二段Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism，suchasdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith，acomplexityscientist，istiredofsuchcomplaints.（到目前為止，還沒有人令人信服地制造出人造生命。這一記錄使ALife成為批評的成熟目標(biāo)，比如宣稱該領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)價值令人懷疑。復(fù)雜性科學(xué)家艾倫?史密斯厭倦了這種抱怨。）可知，關(guān)于AlanSmith對ALife的辯護，作者表示支持。故選A。（2）根據(jù)第三段ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamouredbyaconceptcalledopen﹣endedevolution（演化）.（人工智能可能被認(rèn)為是ALife的表親，因為這兩個領(lǐng)域的研究人員都被一個叫做開放進化的概念所吸引。）可知"enamoured"意為“吸引”。A.Shocked震驚；B.Protected保護；C.Attracted吸引；D.