山東省棗莊四中九年級英語《虛擬語氣專練》人教新目標版

虛擬語氣專練虛擬語氣(1)在條件狀語從句中表示與事實相反的條件。a.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的條件e.g.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.b.與過去事實相反e.g.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifshehadtoldhimaboutthedanger,hewouldnothavehurt.c.與將來事實相反e.g.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.Ifhewouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.e.g.Ifweweretopanic(受驚,驚慌),weshouldnotbeabletohelp.有時候主句和從句的謂語動詞指不同的時間，這時需要用混合虛擬語氣（錯綜時間條件句），要根據(jù)實際情況靈活運用，尤其要注意提示語：時間狀語。e.g.Ifyou____thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn’tbesosleepy.haven’twatchedB.didn’twatchC.hadn’twatchedD.wouldn’twatchedIfPaulhadreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.butfor,without(如果沒有)e.g.Without(butfor)theParty,wewouldn’tbesohappy.Without(butfor)yourhelp,Icouldn’thavefinishedthetask.Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp.=Wemighthavediedifyouhadn’thelpedus.otherwise,or(否則,要不然)=if…not…e.g.Hestudiesveryhard,or/otherwisehecouldn’tstudysowell.Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.=Iwasbusylastweek.IfIhadnotbeensobusylastweek,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.(2)虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法①wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語氣用wish表示對現(xiàn)在的愿望時,從句中謂語動詞形式為:過去時(be動詞用were).用wish表示對將來的愿望時,從句中謂語動詞形式為:would,could,should,might+動詞原形

wish用語對過去的事實表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望時,從句中謂語動詞形式為:had+過去分詞，或would,could+have+動詞過去分詞．e.g.IwishIcouldbuyaspaceshipsomeday.Iwishthathewasn’tsolazy.TheexhibitionwassoboredthatIwishIhadnotgonetoit.②wouldrather(that)+從句，表示“愿望”的虛擬e.g.Iwouldratheryouhadgonethere.(與過去相反)

你要是去那里就好了。

Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.(與現(xiàn)在)IwouldratheryoucouldgotoAmericatomorrow.ifonly后加句子…“要是……就好了”e.g.IfonlyIcouldlearnEnglishinoneday.Ifonlyitwasn’training.IfonlyJimhadpassedtheexam.IfonlySamwouldreplytomyletter.注:在asif(asthough)引導的方式狀語(表語)從句中,動詞形式和wish賓語從句中的形式相同。

e.g.Youaretalkingasifyouhadseenthem.HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.Shelooksasifshewouldcry.③用于表示意愿,建議，命令，請求，提議等動詞后的that賓語從句中，用(should)+動詞原形,這類動詞有:ask,advise,arrange(安排),beg,command,decide,demand,desire,determine,insist(堅持要求,硬要),intend,propose,object(反對),order,require,request,suggest(建議)…e.g.Sheadvisedthatweshouldkeepthedoorlocked.Hesuggeststhatsheshouldleavethedangeroushouseatonce.Hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.(暗示)Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.(堅稱,堅持說)Heinsistedthatshe(should)showhimherpassport.其他常用虛擬語氣句型Itis(about/high)timethat+主語+should+V.(should不能省略)Itis(about/high)timethat+主語+過去時e.g.Itistimethatyoushouldhaveaclass.=Itistimethatyouhadaclass.

可該上課了(早該上課了，你怎么還不去?)Itistimeforyoutohaveaclass.

該上課了.(上課的時間到了.)Itistimethatyoushouldleave.=Itistimeyouleft.應(yīng)用舉例1.——Didyousubmit(遞交）yourapplicationforaMaster’sdegree(碩士學位）？——Notyet.IfI_____toseemyfather,Iwouldhave.”A.didn’tgoB.haven’tgoneC.wouldn’thavegoneD.hadn’tgone【答案】D【解析】Iwouldhave省略了過去分詞submitted.2.——Whydidn’tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?——Ididn’twantone,buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI____.A.DoB.wouldC.willD.had【答案】D【解析】ifIhad中省略了過去分詞wanted.3.——Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?——No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelieve_____brokenthelivingroomwindow.WouldhehaveB.hehadC.hewouldhaveD.hehas【答案】C【解析】ifhehad后省略了過去分詞4._______I’dhavetoldyou.A.IfIwouldhaveknownitB.IfIhadhaveknownitC.HadIknowitD.ShouldIknowit【答案】C【解析】如果if條件句中包含有should（或had,were),則可以省去if并把should（或had,were)移到句首，而意思不變。HadIknownit=ifIhadknownit.5.I____comeyesterday,butIcouldn’t.A.wastohaveB.mustC.oughtD.haveto【答案】A【解析】was/were+不定式的完成形式構(gòu)成位于，表示過去所做的計劃和安排沒有實現(xiàn)。6.——Itisraining,andIhavenoumbrella.——Here’smine,andIinsist____it.A.youtotakeB.thatyoutakeC.thatyoutakingD.youtaking【答案】B【解析】一些表示愿望，請求，命令的動詞（如ask,require,suggest,recommend,demand,insist,desire,prefer,order,urge,propose等）后的賓語從句中謂語動詞用動詞原形表示虛擬（也可用should+動詞原形的形式表示虛擬，但在美國英語中常用動詞原形。）7.Theprofessorgaveordersthatthetest____before5:30.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.shallfinish【答案】A【解析】在suggestion,proposal,order,advice,recommendation,idea等詞后的表語從句或同位語從句中的謂語動詞，也要用動詞原形表示虛擬。此題that引導的是orders的同位語從句。8.Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_____anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo【答案】A【解析】suggest等動詞無論其時態(tài)為過去時還是現(xiàn)在完成時，其后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞也是總是要用動詞原形來表示虛擬。9.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI____there.A.WasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went【答案】C【解析】動詞wish后的賓語從句需要用虛擬語氣。表示過去的愿望用過去完成時。10.Shespeaksasifshe____onthespot.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.is【答案】B【解析】在以asif或asthough引導的從句中一般也要求用虛擬語氣。從句中謂語形式與動詞wish后的賓語從句謂語形式一樣。但在Itsounds/looks/seemsasif后的從句有時也可以用一般陳述語氣。例如:Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.似乎有人敲門。隨堂練習IfI______tenyearsyounger,I_____veryhappy.were,wouldbeB.am,shallbeC.were,shallbeD.am,wouldbe2.——Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.——Heisnotathome.Ifhe____,I_____.A.is,wouldB.were,wouldC.is,willD.were,will3.Ifyou____thedoctorsadvice,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.A.followB.followedC.wouldfollowD.hadfollowed4.Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he_____bythen.A.mightgetB.mighthavegotC.gotD.hadgot5.Whatwouldyouhavedonelastnight,ifyou_____towriteyourhomework.A.hadn’tB.haven’thadC.didn’thaveD.hadn’thad6.——Didyoucatchtheplane?——No,ifIhadhurried,I______.A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.couldD.did7.Whydidn’tyoutellhimthetruth?IfI_____you,Iwouldhave.A.wereB.hadbeenC.amD.wouldbe8.——Howdoyouliketheparty?——Wonderful.Ifyouhadcomewithus,you____agoodtime.A.hadB.hadhadC.wouldhaveD.wouldhavehad9.IfI_____outofmyink,Iwouldhavefinishedwritingthepaper.A.didn’trunB.shouldn’trunC.haven’trunD.hadn’trun10.Ifyou_____earlytomorrowmorning,youwouldbetherebynoon.A.havestartedB.werestartedC.weretostartD.hadstarted11.——Didyou