人教課標(biāo)高二選修8-Unit-Cloning

Unit2Cloning1.知識清單2.單詞名詞correction,objection,constitution,loaf,medium,assumption,regulation,claw,decoration,opera,twin,breakthrough,procedure,carrier,chorus,drawback,feather,turkey,flour動(dòng)詞differ,undertake,cast,object,obtain,attain,forbid,owe,accumulate,retire,bother,strike,resist,adore,hatch形容詞exact,straightforward,moral,unable,commercial,arbitrary,vain,initial,compulsory,conservative,reasonable副詞altogether,shortly,merely3.短語詞匯表payoff,castdown,infavourof,(be)boundto(do),strike...

intoone’sheart,fromtimetotime,bringbacktolife,invain,ingood/poorcondition課文中allthetime,quantitiesof,makeupone’smind,lookbackon,amatteroftime,ontheotherhand,haveagreatimpacton句式while連接兩個(gè)并列分句e.g.Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated.語法復(fù)習(xí)同位語4.1.___________vt.扔；投；擲2.___________vt.打攪vi.操心n.煩擾3.___________vt.(forbade,forbad;forbidden)禁止；不準(zhǔn)4.___________vt.崇拜；愛慕；喜愛5.___________vi.退休；離開6.___________adj.不能的，不會的7.___________vt.&vi.孵出；孵卵；孵化castbotherforbidadoreretireunablehatch單詞(一)根本單詞5.8._____________adj.道德上的，倫理的9._____________n.程序；步驟；手續(xù)10.____________n.裝飾11.____________adv.僅；只；不過12.____________n.突破13.____________n.規(guī)那么；規(guī)章；法律14.____________n.假定；設(shè)想15.____________vi.獲得；贏得16.____________vt.&vi.積累；聚積17.____________vt.(undertook;undertaken)著手；從事；承擔(dān)moralproceduredecorationmerelybreakthroughregulationassumptionobtainaccumulateundertake6.18.___________n.雙胞胎之一；孿生兒之一adj.成對的；成雙的19.______________adj.簡單的；直接的；坦率的20.___________adv.總共；完全地21.___________adj.任意的22.___________n.(plmedia)媒介；手段；工具23.___________vt.獲得；到達(dá)〔水平、年齡、狀況等〕24.___________adj.保守的；守舊的twinstraightforwardaltogetherarbitrarymediumattainconservative7.25.___________n.憲法；章程26.___________adj.必須做的；義務(wù)的；強(qiáng)迫的；強(qiáng)制的27.___________vt.欠〔賬、錢、人情等〕；歸功于……28.___________adv.立刻；不久29.___________vt.&vi.(struck,struck)打；撞擊；罷工n.罷工30.__________adj.虛榮的；自負(fù)的；徒勞的constitutioncompulsoryoweshortlystrikevain8.1.__________vi.

相異；不同→___________adj.

不同的2.__________adj.

精確的；準(zhǔn)確的→___________adv.

準(zhǔn)確地3.__________adj.

商業(yè)的；貿(mào)易的→___________n.

貿(mào)易4.__________n.

改正；糾正；修正→___________adj.

正確的；得體的

v.

改正；糾正differdifferentexactexactlycommercialcommercecorrectioncorrect(二)派生單詞9.5.__________vi.

反對；不贊成→___________n.

不贊成；反對；異議6.__________adj.

最初的；開始的→___________adv.

最初7.__________vt.

抵抗；對抗→___________n.抵抗；抵觸；反對；阻力8.__________adj.合情理的；講道理的；公道的→____________(反義)adj.不合理的；過度的；不切實(shí)際的objectobjectioninitialinitiallyresistresistancereasonableunreasonable10.1._____________得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清2._____________沮喪；不愉快3._____________群眾傳播媒體〔如電視、報(bào)紙等〕4._____________贊成；支持5._____________旁路；支線；岔道6._________________一定或注定〔做〕……payoffcastdownthemediainfavourofsideroad(be)boundto(do)…短語11.7.______________________使……刻骨銘心8._________________不時(shí)；偶爾9._________________使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活10.________________白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī)11.____________________狀況很好〔壞〕；情況很好〔壞〕strike…intoone’sheartfromtimetotimebringbacktolifeinvainingood/poorcondition12.TheinitialrequirementisthatyouneedperfectDNAwhichgivesinformationforhowcellsaretogrow.句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析：雖然句子不長，但卻從句套從句，共有三個(gè)從句。13.核心要點(diǎn)14.1.objectvi.

反對；不贊成(常接介詞to)【歸納】objecttosb./sth.=objecttodoingsth./tosb.doingsth.不同意；不贊成；反對【拓展】objectionn.

反對，異議objectiveadj.

客觀的，就事論事的單詞15.【運(yùn)用】用object的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Hedidn’tmean___________tomyproposal,butdidit.2)Hisideaisreasonableand____________.toobjectobjective16.【歸納】obtainsth.from...從……獲得……obtainsth.through...

通過(某種方式或手段)獲得2.obtainvt.

獲得；贏得17.【運(yùn)用】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1)Surfingoninternetisoneofmyhobbies;Icanobtainmuchknowledge______it.2)Allpeoplearedriventopursuehappinessinlife,butthevehicles______________weobtainhappinessaredifferent.fromthroughwhich18.3.owevt.欠〔賬、錢、人情等〕；歸功于……【歸納】owesb.sth.;owesth.tosb.欠〔債〕owesb.sth.;owesth.tosb./sth.歸因于，歸功于，起源于owingto因?yàn)椋捎?9.【運(yùn)用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。1)Hestill____________(欠我80美元)formywork.2)________________(因?yàn)橄掠?，wecouldn’tcome.3)多虧有了你我才能活下來。

Iowe______youthatIamstillalive.4)我的成功應(yīng)該歸功于我的老師。

I_________________myteachers.owesme$80Owingtotherainowemysuccesstoitto20.4.bother

【歸納】bother既可作動(dòng)詞，也可作名詞。

bother作動(dòng)詞：①使煩惱，使難受。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：bothersb.that...;bothersb.with/aboutsth.;bothersb.todosth.。如：

Itreallybotheredmethathe’dforgottenmybirthday.I’msorrythatIhavetobotheryouwith/aboutthisproblem.He’salwaysbotheringmetolendhimmoney.21.②花費(fèi)時(shí)間或精力〔做某事〕。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：botherwith/aboutsth.;bothertodosth.;botherdoingsth.。如：Hedidn’tbotherwithareply.Don’tbothertogetdinnerformetoday;I’lleatout.Manyyoungpeopledidn’tbothervoting.22.③打攪，搭話煩擾。如：StopbotheringmewhenI’mworking.bother作名詞，意為“麻煩，困難，令人煩惱的人或事〞。如：Didyouhavemuchbotherfindingthehouse?Whatabother!We’vemissedthebus.23.bother干擾別人正常工作和生活，可能是成心的。disturb使人失去正常秩序而一時(shí)不得安寧，語氣比bother弱。trouble指在心情上失去平衡而感到憂慮、苦惱或行動(dòng)上帶來不便，也常用于禮貌請求，MayItroubleyoufor…?bother,disturb,trouble24.【運(yùn)用】完成以下句子。1)他老是打給我，使我厭煩得很。Hisphoningmeallthetime______________.2)什么事令你憂慮不安—經(jīng)濟(jì)問題嗎？What’s_____________—moneyproblems?3)她輕輕的開門，以免驚擾了睡著的孩子。Sheopenedthedoorquietlysoasnotto_______thesleepingchild.troublingyoubothersmealotdisturb25.5.resistv.【歸納】①抵抗，回?fù)?，對抗。如：Shewaschargedwithresistingarrest.Thesoldiersresisted(theenemyattacks)fortwodays.②抵抗，阻擋。其后接動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。如：Thebankstronglyresistedcuttinginterestrates.26.③忍住，抵擋。其后接動(dòng)詞作賓語時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。如：Johncouldn’tresistshowingoffhisnewcar.④不受〔某事物〕的損害或影響，抗，耐。如：Ahealthydietshouldhelpyourbodyresistinfection.Weneedakindofglassthatresistsheat.【拓展】resistancen.抵抗，對抗，電阻，抵抗力resistantadj.抵抗的，有抵抗力的27.6.strike

vt.&vi.(struck,struck)

打；撞擊；罷工

n.

罷工【歸納】strike…with…用……敲打……strikeagainst撞到……Itstrikesb.that.某人突然意識到

bestruckby…被……打動(dòng)；深受感動(dòng)

beonstrike在罷工28.【運(yùn)用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。1)Hewassoangrythathe_________________hisfist.

他氣得用拳頭砸桌子。2)Thevisitors_____________thebeautyofthetouristarea.

游客被旅游區(qū)的美景迷住了。3)___________________thatwecoulduseacomputertodothejob.

突然想到我們可以用電腦去做這項(xiàng)工作。werestruckbystruckthetablewithItsuddenlystruckme29.7.vainadj.

虛榮的；自負(fù)的；徒勞的【歸納】invain白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī)【運(yùn)用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。1)Sheclosedhereyestightly_______________toholdbackthetears.

她緊閉雙眼，卻無法忍住眼淚。2)我們所有的努力都付諸東流了。

Alloureffortswere_______.invaininavainattempt30.8.undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)著手；從事；承擔(dān)【歸納】undertakesth.承擔(dān)某事undertaketodosth.許諾做某事；同意做某事undertakethat…保證……31.【歸納】paysb.forsth.=paysth.tosb.forsth.

付錢給某人做為……的費(fèi)用

payforsth.為某事吃苦頭或受懲罰；花錢買某物

payback還錢；報(bào)復(fù)

payattentionto注意

payavisitto訪問1.payoff得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清

短語32.【運(yùn)用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。①Ifyoudon’tworkhardnow,you’ll_______itlaterwhenyoufailyourexams.

你現(xiàn)在不好好學(xué)習(xí)，以后考試不及格時(shí)就得為此付出代價(jià)。②He____________bynotcoming.

他以不來的方式報(bào)復(fù)了我。③Withthehelpofalotofpeople,ourplan________(成功了).payforpaidmebackpaidoff33.2.infavourof支持，贊成【拓展】

與infavourof同義或反義的常用短語：

approveof贊同，贊許

befor贊成，主張

onone’sside在某人一邊

beagainst反對

objectto不贊成，反對34.3.ingood/poorcondition狀況很好〔壞〕；情況很好〔壞〕【歸納】outofcondition健康狀況欠佳working/living/studyingcondition工作/生活/學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境oncondition(that)…在……條件下；倘假設(shè)……onnocondition決不；一點(diǎn)也不〔放在句首，句子用局部倒裝〕35.TheinitialrequirementisthatyouneedperfectDNAwhichgivesinformationforhowcellsaretogrow.句式36.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句句子不長，但共有三個(gè)從句。主句是Theinitialrequirementisthat...，其中that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)______從句；在這個(gè)主語從句中whichgivesinformationforhowcellsaretogrow是______從句，修飾先行詞perfectDNA；在這個(gè)定語從句中howcellsaretogrow(細(xì)胞如何生長)是一個(gè)______從句，作for的賓語；forhowcellsaretogrow這個(gè)介詞短語作定語，修飾information，即“細(xì)胞如何生長的信息〞。主語定語賓語37.【考例】1.—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea_____hedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.

A.when

B.why

C.that

D.how

引導(dǎo)同位語從句，對idea作進(jìn)一步的解釋。由that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities可知，不知道他拒絕那所大學(xué)的原因。語法同位語從句點(diǎn)撥38.2.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief_____youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.

A.how

B.that

C.which

D.whether

引導(dǎo)同位語從句，對belief作進(jìn)一步的解釋，又因從句意義完整且不缺任何成分。39.3.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_____themeetingwouldbepostponed.A.when

B.that

C.whether

D.how

引導(dǎo)同位語從句，對notice作進(jìn)一步的解釋，又因從句意義完整且不缺任何成分。40.【拓展】同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：1.同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是說明名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能通常是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，說明其性質(zhì)、特征等。41.2.

引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連接詞，在從句中沒有含義、不作成分，一般不能省略；引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，可作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時(shí)可省略。如：

Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchisencouraging.(同位語從句)Thenews(that)weheardontheradioyesterdaywastrue.(定語從句)42.【運(yùn)用】用適當(dāng)連接詞/關(guān)系詞完成短文。

Workingparentsoftenputtheirkidsindaycarecenter.Whilemostparentsinterviewedsaytheyaresatisfiedwiththedaycare1.__________theyuse,expertshavethebelief2.______onlyabout12percentofchildrenreceivehighqualitycare.Manyparentsreallyhavenoidea3._____goodtheirdaycareserviceis.that/whichthathow43.Whenchoosingadaycarecenter,ofcourseparentswanttoknowhowmuchitcosts.Buttherearemanyotherquestions4.__________parentsshouldask.Parentsneedtoknowifthecaregiverislovingandrespondstothechild’sneeds.Doesthecaregiverhugthechild,talktothechild,playwiththechild?

However,expertsmakethesuggestion5._____parentsshouldnotputtheirbabiesinchildcarecenterforthefirstfourmonths.Duringthistime,itisimportantforbabiestoformanattachmenttotheirmothers.that/which

that44.【寫作任務(wù)】

最近你班進(jìn)行了一次主題為Shouldhumancloningbeallowed的討論。請你根據(jù)表格中的提示用英語寫一篇短文，介紹討論的情況，并談?wù)勛约旱目捶?，然后發(fā)表在你校英語網(wǎng)站上。寫作如何寫議論文45.支持：1.幫助不能生育的人擁有自己的孩子；2.可以維持或挽救人的生命。反對：1.有悖于倫理與道德；2.易被邪惡頭目或恐怖分子利用。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右〔開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)〕；

2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3.參考詞匯：倫理ethic

道德morality46.【寫作指導(dǎo)】

議論文是作者對某個(gè)問題或某件事進(jìn)行分析、評論，說明自己的觀點(diǎn)、立場、態(tài)度、看法和主張的一種文體。議論文寫作多為限定寫作，其論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證都比較明確。常見題型主要有話題探討、觀點(diǎn)比照、圖表揭示和漫畫評述等。

論文分三個(gè)根本段落：第一段引出話題；第二段提出正反兩方面的觀點(diǎn)，陳述各自理由；第三段總結(jié)利弊，說明態(tài)度。47.在具體寫作中要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.話題的提出要開門見山，不要拖泥帶水；2.正反比照論據(jù)要正確，條理要清楚，語言應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確、精煉；3.作者的觀點(diǎn)必須鮮明，不能模棱兩可；4.議論文的主體時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；5.盡量防止同一單詞、句型的重復(fù)使用，多采用同義詞、相似結(jié)構(gòu)，使表達(dá)多樣化。48.【常用表達(dá)】開頭：Wehavehadadiscussiononhowto/whether/...Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionson...Inthediscussionon...,peoplehaveseveraldifferentopinions.Peopleholddifferentopinionsonwhether/...Peopletakedifferentattitudestowards...49.主體：Thosewhoagree...think...Peoplewhoareagainst...think...Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisgoodto...

because...Somepeoplethink...,whileothersarguethat...Ontheonehand,...,ontheotherhand,...Onthecontrary,somepeoplethink...Firstly/First/Firsttoall...Secondly/Second...Lastly/Lastbutnotleast...50.結(jié)尾：Inshort,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat...Ithink/don’tthink...Ithinkwhether...ornotdependson...Frommypointofview/AsfarasIamconcerned/Inmyopinion,...51.【參考范文】Recentlyourclasshashadadiscussiononwhetherhumancloningshouldbeallowed.Differentstudentshavedifferentopinions.Someareforhumancloningbecausetheythinkitwillhelpthosewhoaren’tabletogivebabiesachievetheirdreams.Besides,humancloninghelpsmaintainorsavepeople’slivesashumancellscanbeclonedandusedformedicaltreatments.52.However,thosewhoareagainstitholdtheviewthathumancloningisagainsthumanethicsandmorality.What’sworse,thistechnologycanbeusedbyevilleadersorterrorists,whichwillbringgreatdamagetotheworld.AsfarasIamconcerned,aslongasweusethistechnologytobenefithumans,humancloningshouldbeallowed.53.鞏固練習(xí)54.I.用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.I’mconstantlyastonishedbypeoplewhocanspeaksomany________(differ)languages.2.Wemayaskherafewquestionstomakesureweknow_______(exact)whatshewants.3.Policearrivedatthescene_______(short)aftertheycalled.4.Theaircraft_______(carry)accidentallyhitalittlefishingboat.differentexactly

shortlycarrier55.5.Nowthatyouhaveno________(object),thematterissettled.6.Yourargumentisbasedonacompletelyfalse__________(assume).7.ThechildrenarebusyputtingupChristmas__________(decorate).8.Therearesomeprogrammingerrorsthatneed___________________(correct).9.I’msurethereisaperfectly__________(reason)explanationforhisabsence.objection

assumptiondecorationscorrection/correctingreasonable56.II.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示補(bǔ)全以下句子。1.Allherhardwork_________(得到好結(jié)果)intheend,andshefinallypassedtheexam.2.Themothercouldnotbeartoseehersonsomiserableand__________(沮喪).3.ItalkedtoSusanaboutit,andshewas_____________(贊成)goingtherewithus.paidoffcastdowninfavorof57.4.You’vedonesomuchworkthatyou__________________(一定)passtheexam.5.ThoughIleftmyhometownwhenIwasonlyachild,___________________(不時(shí)地)Istillthinkofit.6.Theytriedineverywaytheyknewtobringthebirdbacktolife,but_______(白費(fèi)力氣).7.Thehousereallyis______________(狀況很糟)—itwouldcostfartoomuchtorepair.inpoorconditionarebound/suretofromtimetotimeinvain58.III.把以下句子改寫為含同位語〔從句〕的復(fù)合句，并使句意根本保持不變。1.TheCaliforniacoastlineisthelongestofallthestatesanditisanationaltreasureoftheUSA.__________________________________________________________________________2.Thesickelephantthatwasinthethirdcageattackeditstrainer.__________________________________________________________________________Thesickelephant,theoneinthethirdcage,attackeditstrainer.The

California

coastline,thelongestofallthestates,isanationaltreasureofthe

USA.59.4.ThefamousBritishsingerwillcometoChinaandthenewsisveryexciting.______________________________________________________________________________5.TheEarthissteadilywarmingandwemustfacethefact.______________________________________________________________________________6.ExpertsthinkthatwemustreducethereleaseofCO