化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯

無(wú)機(jī)化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯

1.化學(xué)原理·chemicalprinciples

2.氣體，液體和溶液的性質(zhì)·thebehaviorsofgas,liquidand

solution

3.理想氣體定律·idealgaslaw

4.道爾頓分壓定律·Dalton’sLawofPartialpressures

5.液體的蒸汽壓·vaporpressureofliquid

6.液體的凝固點(diǎn)·freezingpointofliquid

7.體系和環(huán)境·systemandsurrounding

8.狀態(tài)和狀態(tài)函數(shù)·statesandstatefunctions

9.化學(xué)熱力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)·thebasisofchemicalthermodynamics

10.化學(xué)平衡·chemicalequilibrium

11.體系與狀態(tài)·systemandstate

12.熱力學(xué)定理·lawofthermodynamics

13.熱化學(xué)·thermochemistry

14.焓·enthalpy

15.混亂度·disorder

16.熵·entropy

17.吉布斯自由能·Gibbsfreeenergy

18.化學(xué)平衡·chemicalequilibrium

19.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平衡常數(shù)·standardequilibriumconstant

20.同離子效應(yīng)·thecommonioneffect

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21.緩沖溶液·bufferedsolution

22.酸堿理論與電離平衡·thetheoriesofacids&basesand

ionizationequilibrium

23.鹽的水解·thehydrolysisofsalts

24.沉淀反應(yīng)·theprecipitationreactions

25.溶度積·solubilityproduct

26.沉淀溶解平衡的移動(dòng)·equilibriumshiftbetweenprecipitation

anddissolution

27.分步沉淀·stepwiseprecipitation

28.鹽效應(yīng)·salteffect

29.氧化還原反應(yīng)·oxidationandreductionreactions

30.還原劑·reducingagentorreducerorreductant

31.氧化劑·oxidazingagentoroxidizeroroxidant

32.原電池·galvaniccell

33.負(fù)極，正極·negativepole,positivepole

34.陽(yáng)極，陰極·anode,cathode

35.燃料電池·fuelcell

36.電化學(xué)·electrochemistry

37.電極電勢(shì)·electrodepotential

38.歧化反應(yīng)·disproportionationreaction

39.化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)·thebasisofchemicaldynamics

40.化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率·therateofchemicalreaction

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41.化學(xué)反應(yīng)機(jī)理·reactionmechanism

42.化學(xué)反應(yīng)活化能·activationenergyofchemicalreaction

43.動(dòng)能·kineticenergy

44.基元反應(yīng)·elementaryreaction

45.一級(jí)反應(yīng)·first-orderreaction

46.零級(jí)反應(yīng)·zero-orderreaction

47.化學(xué)理論·chemicaltheories

48.原子結(jié)構(gòu)·theatomicsstructure

49.元素周期律·periodicsystemofelements

50.原子內(nèi)部·structureinatom

51.氫原子光譜·thespectrumofatomichydrogen

52.等電子原理·isoelectronicprinciple

53.電子構(gòu)型·electronicstructureofatom

54.價(jià)電子構(gòu)型·valanceelectronicconfiguration

55.主量子數(shù)··principalquantumnumber

56.角量子數(shù)·angularquantumnumber

57.磁量子數(shù)·magneticquantumnumber

58.能級(jí)·energylevels

59.原子核外電子的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)·movingstationsofelectronsouter

theatomicnucleus

60.多電子原子結(jié)構(gòu)·structureinmany-electronatoms

61.周期系·periodicsystem

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62.元素基本性質(zhì)的周期性·periodicpropertiesoftheelements

63.化學(xué)鍵和分子，晶體結(jié)構(gòu)·chemicalbondsandstructuresof

molecules&crystals

64.金屬鍵和金屬晶體·metallicbondandmetalliccrystal

65.離子鍵和離子晶體·ionicbondandioniccrystal

66.晶體學(xué)基礎(chǔ)·crystallographicfoundation

67.配位化合物的基本概念·basicconceptsofcoordination

compounds

68.異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象·isomerism

69.化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象·chemicalstructureisomerism

70.電離異構(gòu)體·ionizationisomer

71.溶劑合異構(gòu)體·solventisomer

72.配位異構(gòu)體·coordinationisomer

73.聚合異構(gòu)體·polymerisomer

74.鍵連異構(gòu)體·linkageisomer

75.立體異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象·stericisomerism

76.幾何異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象·geometricalisomerism

77.光學(xué)異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象·opticalisomerism

78.手性分子·chiralmolecule

79.配合物的化學(xué)鍵理論·thechemicalbondtheoriesof

complexes

80.價(jià)鍵理論·valancebondtheory

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81.內(nèi)軌型雜化·innerhybridization

82.內(nèi)軌型配合物·innerorbitalcoordination

83.外軌型雜化·outerhybridization

84.外軌型配合物·outerorbitalcoordination

85.配位平衡·coordinationequilibrium

86.晶體場(chǎng)理論·crystalfieldtheory

87.強(qiáng)場(chǎng)·strongfield

88.弱場(chǎng)·weakfield

89.配合物的穩(wěn)定性·stabilizationofcomplex

90.配合物的平衡常數(shù)·equilibriumconstantofcomplex

91.配位化合物的應(yīng)用·applicationofcoordinationcompounds

92.配位催化·coordinationcatalysis

93.單基配體·unidentateligand

94.多基配體·multidentateligand

95.螯合物·chelate

96.描述化學(xué)·descriptivechemistry

97.稀有氣體·theraregases

98.氫,堿金屬和堿土元素·hydrogen,alkaliandalkali-earthmetals

99.鹵素·thehalogens

100.過(guò)渡元素·thetransitionelements

電泳Electrophoresis

、紫外-可見(jiàn)光分光光度計(jì)UV-VisibleSpectrophotometer

5

有機(jī)化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯(精)

acetal醛縮醇-ene烯

acetal-乙酰epi-表

acid酸epoxy-環(huán)氧

-al醛-ester酯

alcohol醇-ether醚

-aldehyde醛ethoxy-乙氧基

alkali-堿ethyl乙基

allyl烯丙基[propenyl(丙烯基)]

alkoxy-烷氧基fluoro-氟代

-amide酰胺form仿

amino-氨基的

-amidine脒-glycol二醇

-amine胺

-ane烷hemi-半

anhydride酐hendeca-十一

anilino-苯胺基hepta-七

aquo-含水的heptadeca-十七

-ase酶hexa-六

-ate含氧酸的鹽、酯hexadeca-十六

-atriyne三炔-hydrin醇

azo-偶氮hydro-氫或水

hydroxyl羥基

benzene苯hypo-低級(jí)的，次

bi-在鹽類(lèi)前表示酸式鹽hyper-高級(jí)的，高

bis-雙

-borane硼烷-ic酸的，高價(jià)金屬

bromo-溴-ide無(wú)氧酸的鹽，酰替胺，酐

butyl丁基-il偶酰

-imine亞胺

-carbinol甲醇iodine碘

carbonyl羰基iodo-碘代

-carboxylicacid羧酸iso-異，等，同

centi-10-2-ite亞酸鹽

chloro-氯代

cis-順式keto-酮

condensed縮合的、冷凝的ketone酮

cyclo-環(huán)

-lactone內(nèi)酯

deca-十

deci10-1mega-106

-dine啶meta-間，偏

dodeca-十二methoxy-甲氧基

methyl甲基

1

micro-10-6

milli-10-3ter-三

mono-(mon-)一，單tetra-四

tetradeca-十四

nano-10-9tetrakis-四個(gè)

nitro-硝基thio-硫代

nitroso-亞硝基trans-反式，超，跨

nona-九thio-硫代

nonadeca-十九tri-三

trideca-十三

octa-八tris-三個(gè)

octadeca-十八

-oic酸的undeca-十一

-ol醇uni-單，一

-one酮unsym-不對(duì)稱(chēng)的，偏位

ortho-鄰，正，原

-ous亞酸的，低價(jià)金屬-yl基

oxa-氧雜-ylene撐(二價(jià)基，價(jià)在不同原子上)

-oxide氧化合物-yne炔

-oxime肟

oxo-酮organiccompounds有機(jī)化合物

oxy-氧化compoundsofcarbon碳化合物

-oyl酰hydrocarbonsandtheirderivatives

碳?xì)浠衔锛捌溲苌?/p>

para-對(duì)位，仲organicchemistry有機(jī)化學(xué)

penta-五structureofmolecule分子結(jié)構(gòu)

pentadeca-十五chemicalbond化學(xué)鍵

per-高，過(guò)covalentbond共價(jià)鍵

petro-石油hybridorbital雜化軌道

phenol苯酚bondlength鍵長(zhǎng)

phenyl苯基bondangle鍵角

pico-10-12bondenergy鍵能

poly-聚，多polarity極性

dissociationenergy離解能

quadri-四constitution構(gòu)造

quinque-五contiguration構(gòu)型

conformation構(gòu)象

semi-半stereochemistry立體化學(xué)

septi-七tetrahedral正四面體

sesqui一個(gè)半cis-順

sulfa-磺胺trans-反

sym-對(duì)稱(chēng)isomerism同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象

syn-順式，同，共isomer異構(gòu)體

stereoisomer立體異構(gòu)

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constitutionalisomer構(gòu)造異構(gòu)Commonring普通環(huán)

structuralformula結(jié)構(gòu)式Mediumrimg中環(huán)

octet八隅體Largering大環(huán)

perspective透視式Bridged-ringsystem橋環(huán)體系

eclipsedconformation重疊式構(gòu)象Spirocompound螺環(huán)化合物

staggeredconformation交叉式構(gòu)象Helicalmolecule螺旋型分子

newmanprojection紐曼投影式Octahedralcompound八面體化合物

functionalgroup官能團(tuán)Conjugation共軛

chaincompoud鏈狀化合物Conjugated-system共軛體系

carbocycliccompound碳環(huán)化合物Acylcation酰[基]正離子

heterocycliccompound雜環(huán)化合物Benzyliccation芐[基]正離子

dipole-dipoleinteractions偶極-Arenirmion芳[基]正離子

偶極相互作用Ketylradical羰自由基

vanderWaalsforces范德華力Radicalion自由基離子

hydrogenbonding氫鍵Radicalcation自由基正離子

dipolemoment偶極矩Radicalanion自由基負(fù)離子

electronegativity電負(fù)性Isomerism異構(gòu)[現(xiàn)象]

physicalproperty物理性質(zhì)Aciform酸式

meltingpoint熔點(diǎn)Fluxionalstructure循變結(jié)構(gòu)

boilingpoint沸點(diǎn)Stereochemistry立體化學(xué)

reactionmechanism反應(yīng)機(jī)理Opticalactivity光學(xué)活性

homolysis均裂Dextroisomer右旋異構(gòu)體

freeredical自由基Laevoisomer左旋異構(gòu)體

heterolysis異裂Tetrahedralconfiguration四面體

ionictype離子型構(gòu)型

electrophilicreagent親電試劑Stereoisomerism立體異構(gòu)[現(xiàn)象]

electrophilicreaction親電反應(yīng)Asymmetricatom不對(duì)稱(chēng)原子

nucleophilicreagent親核試劑Asymmetriccarbon不對(duì)稱(chēng)碳

nucleophilicreaction親核反應(yīng)Pseudoasymmetriccarbon假不對(duì)稱(chēng)

英文名漢文名碳

Angularmethylgroup角甲基Phantomatom虛擬原子

Alkylidenegroup亞烷基Homotopic等位[的]

Allylgroup烯丙基Heterotopic異位[的]

Allylic烯丙型[的]Enantiotopic對(duì)映異位[的]

Phenylgroup苯基Diastereotopic非對(duì)映異位[的]

Arylgroup芳基Configuration構(gòu)型

Benzylgroup芐基Absoluteconfiguration絕對(duì)構(gòu)型

Benzylic芐型[的]Chirality手性

Activatinggroup活化基團(tuán)Chiral手性[的]

Chromophore生色團(tuán)Chiralcenter手性中心

Auxochrome助色團(tuán)Chiralmolecule手性分子

Magneticallyanisotropicgroup磁Achiral非手性[的]

各向異性基團(tuán)Fischerprojection費(fèi)歇爾投影式

Smallyring小環(huán)Neomanprojection紐曼投影式

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D-LsystemofnomenclatureD-L命Synclinalconformation反錯(cuò)構(gòu)象

名體系Synclinalconformation順錯(cuò)構(gòu)象

R-SsyytemofnomenclatureR-S命Eclipsedconformation重疊構(gòu)象

名體系Gaucheconformation,skew

Cahn-Ingold-Prelonsequence順序con-formation鄰位交叉構(gòu)象

規(guī)則Staggeredconformation對(duì)位交叉構(gòu)

Symmetryfactor對(duì)稱(chēng)因素象

Planeofsymmetry對(duì)稱(chēng)面Stericeffect空間效應(yīng)

Mirrorsymmetry鏡面對(duì)稱(chēng)Sterichindrance位阻

Enantiomer對(duì)映[異構(gòu)]體Atropismer阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體

Diastereomer非對(duì)映[異構(gòu)]體Puckeredring折疊環(huán)

Epimer差向異構(gòu)體Conformationalinversion構(gòu)象反轉(zhuǎn)

Anomer端基[差向]異構(gòu)體Chairconformation椅型構(gòu)象

Erythroconfiguration赤型構(gòu)型Boatconformation船型構(gòu)象

Erythroisomer赤型異構(gòu)體Twistconformation扭型構(gòu)象

Threoconfiguration蘇型構(gòu)型Skewboatconformation扭船型構(gòu)象

Threoisomer蘇型異構(gòu)體Half-chairconformation半椅型構(gòu)

Trigonalcarbon三角型碳象

Cis-transisomerism順?lè)串悩?gòu)Pseudorotation假旋轉(zhuǎn)

EisomerE異構(gòu)體Envelopeconformation信封[型]構(gòu)

ZisomerZ異構(gòu)體象

Endoisomer內(nèi)型異構(gòu)體Axialbond直[立]鍵

Exoisomer外型異構(gòu)體Equatorialbond平[伏]鍵

Prochirality前手性Cisoidconformation順向構(gòu)象

Pro-Rgroup前R基團(tuán)Transoidconformation反向構(gòu)象

Pro-Sproup前S基團(tuán)Retentionofconfiguration構(gòu)型保

RefaceRe面持

SifaceSi面Regioselectivity區(qū)域選擇性

Racemicmixture外消旋混合物Regiospecificity區(qū)域?qū)Ｒ恍?/p>

Racemiccompound外消旋化合物Stereocelectivity立體選擇性

Racemicsolidsolution外消旋固體Stereospecificty立體專(zhuān)一性

溶液Conformer構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體

Mesocompound內(nèi)消旋化合物Conformationaleffect構(gòu)象效應(yīng)

Quasirecemate準(zhǔn)外消旋體Cram’srube克拉姆規(guī)則

Conformation構(gòu)象Prelog’rule普雷洛格規(guī)則

Conformational構(gòu)象分析Stereochemicalorientation立體

Torsionangle扭轉(zhuǎn)角[化學(xué)]取向

Rotamer旋轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Conformationaltransmission構(gòu)象

Anticonformation反式構(gòu)象傳遞

Bisectingconformation等分構(gòu)象Homolog同系物

Antiperiplanarconformation反疊Ipsoposition本位

構(gòu)象Orthoposition鄰位

Synperiplanarconformation順疊構(gòu)Metaposition間位

象Paraposition對(duì)位

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Amphiposition遠(yuǎn)位Paulingelectronegativityscale

Periposition近位鮑林電負(fù)性標(biāo)度

Trigonalhybridization三角雜化Polarizability可極化性

Molecularorbiralmethod分子軌道Inductiveeffect誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)

法Fieldeffect場(chǎng)效應(yīng)

Valencebondmethod價(jià)鍵法Electricaleffect電場(chǎng)效應(yīng)

Delocalezedbond離域鍵tautomerism互變異構(gòu)

Crossconjugation交叉共軛Tautomerization互變異構(gòu)化

Vinylog插烯物Keto-enoltautomerism酮-烯醇互變

Mesomericeffect中介效應(yīng)異構(gòu)

Resonance共振Phenol-ketotautomerism酚-酮互變

Resonanceeffect共振效應(yīng)異構(gòu)

Hyperconjugation超共軛Imine-enamineatutomerism亞胺-烯

Isovalenthyperconjugation等價(jià)超胺互變異構(gòu)

共軛Ring-chaintautomerism環(huán)-鏈互變

No-bondresonance無(wú)鍵共振異構(gòu)

Aromaticity芳香性Valencetautomerism價(jià)互變異構(gòu)

Aromaticsexter芳香六隅Ambident兩可[的]

Huckel’rule休克爾規(guī)則Solventeffect溶劑效應(yīng)

Paramagneticringcurrent順磁環(huán)Acid-basecatalyxedreaction酸性

電流溶劑

Diamagneticringcruuent抗磁環(huán)電Basicsolvent堿性溶劑

流Dielectricconstant介電常數(shù)

Homoaromaticity同芳香性Solvatedelectron溶劑化電子

Antiaromaticity反芳香性Acid-basecatalyzedreaction酸堿

Alternanthydrocarbon交替烴催化反應(yīng)

Non-alternanthydrocarbon非交替Conjugatebase共軛酸

烷Conjugatebase共軛堿

Pericyclicreaction周環(huán)反應(yīng)Thermodynamicacidity熱力學(xué)酸度

Electrocyclicrearrangement電環(huán)Kineticacidity動(dòng)力學(xué)酸度

[化]重排Electrondonof-acceptor

Conrotatory順旋complex,EDAcomplex電子給[體]受

Disroatatory對(duì)旋體絡(luò)合物

Cycloaddition環(huán)加成Host主體

Symmetryforbidden-reaction對(duì)稱(chēng)Guest客體

禁阻反應(yīng)Primaryisotopeeffect一級(jí)同位素

Synfacialreaction同面反應(yīng)效應(yīng)

Antarafacialreaction異面反應(yīng)Secondaryisotopeeffect二級(jí)同位

Mobiussystem默比烏斯體系數(shù)效應(yīng)

Leoisstructure路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)Inverseisotopeeffect逆同位素效

Coordinate-covalentbond配位共價(jià)應(yīng)

鍵Kineticcontrol動(dòng)力學(xué)控制

Bananabond香蕉鍵Thermodynamiccontrol熱力學(xué)控制

Substrate底物

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Intermediate中間體Nucleophile-assisted

Reactiveintermediate活潑中間體unimolecu-larelectrophilic

Microscopicreversibility微觀可substitution親核體協(xié)助單分子親

逆性電取代

Hammondpostulate哈蒙德假說(shuō)Unimolecularelimination單分子消

Linearfreeenergy線性自由能除

Non-bondedinteraction非鍵相互作Bimolecularelimination雙分子消

用除

Torsionaleffect扭轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)Unimoleculareliminationthrough

Pitzerstrain皮策張力theconjugatebase單分子共軛堿消

Restrictedrotation阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)除

Eclipsingeffect重疊效應(yīng)Bimoleculareliminationthrough

Eclipsingstrain重疊張力theconjugatebase雙分子共軛堿消

Small-anglestrain小角張力除

Largeanglestrain大角張力Bimoleculareliminationwith

Transannularinteraction跨環(huán)相互for-mationofacarbonylgroup雙

作用分子羰基形成消除

Transannularstrain跨環(huán)張力Unimolecularacid-catalyzed

Istrain內(nèi)張力acyl-oxygencleavage單分子酸催化

Fstrain前張力酰氧斷裂

Bstrain后張力Bimolecularbase-catalyzed

Anomericeffect端基異構(gòu)效應(yīng)acyl-oxygencleavage雙分子堿催化

Waldeninversion瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)酰氧斷裂

Racemization外消旋化Unimolecularacid-catalyzed

Isoinversion等反轉(zhuǎn)alkyl-oxygencleavage單分子酸催

Isoracemization等消旋化烷氧斷裂

Homochiral純手性[的]Bimllecularbase-catalyzedal-

Mechanism機(jī)理kyl-oxygencleavage雙分子堿催化

Unimolecularnucleophilic單分子烷氧斷裂

親核取代π-allylcomplexmechanismπ烯丙

Bimolecularnucleophilic型絡(luò)合機(jī)理

sub-stitution雙分子親核取代Borderlinemechanism邊理機(jī)理

BimolecularnucleophilicHomolysis均裂

substi-tution(withallylicHeterolysis異裂

rearrange-ment)雙分子親核取代Heterolyticmichanism異裂機(jī)理

（含烯丙型重排）Counrer[gegen]ion反荷離子

InternalnucleophilicIonpair離子對(duì)

substiru-tion分子內(nèi)親核取代Carbocation碳正離子

AromaticnucleophilicNonclassicalcarbocation非經(jīng)典碳

substitu-tion芳香親核取代正離子

UnimolecularelectrophilicCarbanion碳負(fù)離子

sub-stitution單分子親電取代Maskedcarbanion掩蔽碳負(fù)離子

BimolecularelectrophilicCarbenoid卡賓體

substi-tution雙分子親電取代Carbene卡賓

6

Nitrene氮賓Neighboringgroupparticipation

Carbine碳炔鄰基基參與

Electrophilicaddition親電加成Neighboringproup

Electrophile親電體assistance,anchimericassistance

Diaxialaddition雙直鍵加成鄰助作用

Markovnikov’srube馬爾科夫尼科Neighboringgroupeffect鄰基效應(yīng)

規(guī)則Apofacialreaction反面反應(yīng)

Anti-Markovnikovaddition反馬氏Briddgeheaddisplacement橋頭取代

加成Arylaction芳正離子

Michaeladdition邁克爾加成Benzyne苯炔

Substitution取代Zaitsevrule札依采夫規(guī)則

Electrophilicsubstitution親電取Anti-Zaitsevorientation反札依采

代夫定向

Addition-eliminationmechanism加Hofmann’srule霍夫曼規(guī)則

成消除機(jī)理Bredtrule布雷特規(guī)則

ElectrophilicaromaticInitiation引發(fā)

substitu-tion親電芳香取代Anioniccleavage負(fù)離子裂解

Electrontransfer電子轉(zhuǎn)移Partialbondfixation鍵[的]部分

Electron-donatinggroup給電子基固定化

團(tuán)02．3有機(jī)化學(xué)反應(yīng)

Electron-Withdrawinggroup吸電子Alkylation烷基化

基團(tuán)C-alkylationC-烷基化

Deactivatinggroup鈍化基團(tuán)O-alkylationO-烷基化

Orinentation取向N-alkylationN-烷基化

Ortho-paradirectinggroup鄰對(duì)位Silylation硅烷[基]化

定位基Exhaustivemethylation徹底甲基化

Metadirectinggroup間位定位基Secoalkylation斷裂烷基化

Orthoeffect鄰位效應(yīng)Demethylation脫甲基化

Partialratefactor分速度系數(shù)Ethylation乙基化

Nucleophilicreaction親核反應(yīng)Arylation芳基化

Internalreturn內(nèi)返A(chǔ)cylation?；?/p>

Nucleophilicity親核體Formylation甲?；?/p>

Nucleophilicity親核性Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化

α-effectα-效應(yīng)Carboamidation氨羰基化

Backsideattack背面進(jìn)攻Carboxylation羧基化

Inversion反轉(zhuǎn)Amination氨基化

Umbrellaeffect傘效應(yīng)Bisamination雙氨基化

Push-pulleffect推拉效應(yīng)Cinesubstitution移位取代

Leavinggroup離去基團(tuán)Transamination氨基交換

Electrofuge離電體Hydroxylation羥基化

Nucleofuge離核體acyloxyation酰氧基化

Phase-transfercatalysis相轉(zhuǎn)移催Decarboxylativenitration脫羧鹵

化化

Allylichalogenation烯丙型鹵化

7

Dehalogenation脫鹵RetroDiels-Alderreaction逆第爾

Nitration硝化斯-阿爾德反應(yīng)

Decarboxylativenitration脫羧硝Enesynthesis單烯合成

化Anioniccycloaddition負(fù)離子環(huán)加

Nitrosation亞硝化成

Sulfonation磺化Dipolaraddition偶極加成

Chlorosulfonation氯磺?；?elimination-消除

Desulfonation脫磺酸基-elimination-消除

Sulfenylation亞磺?；?elimination-消除

Sulfonylation磺?；?elimination-消除

Chlorosulfenation氯亞磺?；疍ehydrohalogenation脫鹵化氫

Chlorocarbonylation氯羰基化Deamination脫氨基

Diazotization重氮化Pyrolyticelimination熱解消除

Diazotransfer重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移Elimination-addition消除-加成

Couplingreaction偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)Decarboxylation脫羧

Diazoniumcoupling重氮偶聯(lián)Decarboxamidation脫酰胺

Cross-couplingreaction交叉偶聯(lián)Decyanation脫氰基

反應(yīng)Alkylolysis,alkylcleavage烷基裂

1,4-addition1，4-加成解

Conjugateaddition共軛加成Acylolysis,acylcleavage酰基裂解

Dimerization二聚Flashpyrolysis閃熱裂

Trimefization三聚Fragmentation碎裂

Additivedimerization加成二聚Chiletropicreaction螯鍵反應(yīng)

sulfurization硫化Chelation螯環(huán)化

Selenylation硒化Esterification酯化

Hydroboration硼氫化Transesterification酯交換

Oxyamination羥氨基化Saponification皂化

Insertion插入Alcoholysis醇解

carbonylation羧基化Ethanolysis乙醇解

Hydroformylation加氫甲?；疌yanomethylation氰甲基化

Hydroacylation加氫酰化Aminomethylation氨甲基化

Oxoprocess羰基合成Hydroxymethylation羥甲基化

Decarbonylation脫羰Hydroxyalkylation羥烷基化

Hydrocarboxylation氫羧基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化

Homologization同系化Haloalkylation鹵烷基化

Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Transacetalation縮醛交換

Decyanoethylation脫氰乙基Enolization烯醇化

Ringclsure環(huán)合Haloformreaction鹵仿反應(yīng)

Dienesynthesis雙烯合成Condensation縮合

Dienophile親雙烯體Aldolcondensation羥醛縮合

Endoaddition內(nèi)型加成Crossaldolcondensation交叉羥醛

Exoaddition外型加成縮合

Diels-Alderreaction第爾斯-爾德Retrogradealdolcondensation逆

反應(yīng)羥醛縮合

8

Acyloincondensation偶姻縮合Rearrangement重排

Cyclization環(huán)化Prototropicrearrangement質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn)

Annulation,annelation增環(huán)反應(yīng)移重排

Spiroannulation螺增環(huán)Doublebondmigration雙鍵移位

Autoxidation自氧化Allylicmigration烯丙型重排

Allylichydroperoxylation烯丙型Allylicmigration烯丙型遷移

氫過(guò)氧化Ringcontraction環(huán)縮小[反應(yīng)]

Epoxidation環(huán)氧化Ringexpansion,ringenlargement

Oxonolysis臭氧解擴(kuò)環(huán)[反應(yīng)]

Electrochemicaloxidation電化學(xué)-ketolrearrangement-酮醇重排

氧化Pinacolrearrangement頻哪醇重排

Oxidativedecarboxylation氧化脫Retropinacolrearrangement逆頻哪

羧醇重排

Aromatization芳構(gòu)化Semipinacolrearrangement半頻哪

Catalytichydrogenation催化氫化醇重排

Heterogeneoushydrogenation多相Benzilicrearrangement二苯乙醇酸

氫化重排

Homogeneoushydrogenation均相氫Acylrearrangement?；嘏?/p>

化Migratoryaptitude遷移傾向

Catalyticdehydrogenation催化脫Transannularinsertion跨環(huán)插入

氫Transannularrearrangement跨環(huán)重

Transferhydrogenation轉(zhuǎn)移氫化排

Hydrogenolysis氫解Migration遷移

Dissolvingmetalreduction溶解金Prototropy質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移

屬還原Cationotropicrearrangement正離

Singleelectrontransfer單電子轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)移重排

移Anionotropy負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移

Bimolecularreduction雙分子還原Anionotropicrearrangement負(fù)離子

Electrochemicalreduction電化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)移重排

還原Sigmatropicrearrangement-遷移重

Reductivealkylation還原烷基化排

Reductiveacylation還原?；疕omosigmatropicrearrangement同

Reductivedimerization還原二聚遷移重排

Deoxygenation脫氧Electrophilicrearrangement親電

Desulfurization脫硫重排

Deselenization脫硒Photosensitization光敏化

Mitallation金屬化Forbiddentransition禁阻躍遷

Lithiation鋰化photooxidation光氧化

Hydrometallation氫金屬化Photoisomerization光異構(gòu)化

Mercuration汞化Photochemicalrearrangement光化

Oxymercuration羥汞化學(xué)重排

Aminomercuration氨汞化2．4有機(jī)化合物類(lèi)名

Abstraction奪取[反應(yīng)]Aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物

Internalabstraction內(nèi)奪取[反應(yīng)]Hpdrocarbon碳?xì)浠衔?/p>

9

Alkane烷Oxime肟

Wax蠟Aldimine醛肟

Paraffinwax石蠟Oxime亞硝基化合物

Alkene烯aldoxime硝酮

Alkyen炔Hydrazone腙

Acetylide炔化物Azine嗪

Activehydrogencompounds活潑氫Semicarbazone縮氯基脲

化合物Cyanohydrin羥腈

Carbonacid碳?xì)渌酨inacol頻哪醇

Superacid超酸Enol烯醇

Diene雙烯Enolether烯醇醚

Triene三烯Enolester烯醇酯

Allene丙二烯