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六級(jí)與四級(jí)的區(qū)別:一、詞——詞匯量5500。二、句——出題考長(zhǎng)句子。三、段——所有句子都認(rèn)識(shí),但不知道整段的意思。But,Yet,However轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面是重點(diǎn),??键c(diǎn)。四、選項(xiàng)——有迷惑選項(xiàng),不像四級(jí)那么清晰。原文重現(xiàn):原文告訴你選什么,你就應(yīng)該選什么,不能憑感覺(jué)和想象。盡量少讀:六級(jí)更多的對(duì)點(diǎn)出題,而不是對(duì)面出題。六級(jí)題型:
1.主旨題(SumUp/Title)看文章每段第一句24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.C)Unemploymentbenefitplansandautomation.D)Socialbenefitsofautomation.注:文章三段第一句都出現(xiàn)automation,兩段出現(xiàn)labour,因此這兩個(gè)詞是重點(diǎn),必然在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)。Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".
注:refersto下定義Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.注:labour雇員Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.注:union工會(huì),和雇員有關(guān)2.詞匯題——找詞所在句子關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。例如:六級(jí)很難,但是……,找轉(zhuǎn)折連詞But,Yet,However。并列關(guān)系。例如:AandB,問(wèn)A就把B內(nèi)容填進(jìn)去。解釋關(guān)系。用because和從句inwhich等聯(lián)系。例如:30.“Anidentifyingfigure”(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson______.A)whoservesasamodelforothersB)whoisalwayssuccessfulC)whocanbedependeduponD)whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess(文章前四段省略)Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebeesanidentifyingfigure.Weusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.注:把握and前后是并列關(guān)系。3.細(xì)節(jié)題直接細(xì)節(jié)、因果推理、暗示例如:31.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago____________.A)eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactoriesB)twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployeesC)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkersD)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers34.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis_______.A)lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployeeB)asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelationsC)moreimportantthanemployeremployeerelationsD)asimportantastheabilitytocooperatewithothersintheorganizationOurshasbeeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddleclasspersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middleclassandupperclassemployeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulationgrowingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.Yetyouwillfinelittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist'stradeorbookkeeping(簿記).Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipinmon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.4.作者態(tài)度題(attitude)——正負(fù)態(tài)度凡是文章探討新事物——正態(tài)度凡是文章探討老事物——負(fù)態(tài)度例外:中立題25.Thewriter’sattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneis______.A)affectionateB)disapprovingC)approvingD)neutral●例子:例子必出題。文章有論點(diǎn)論據(jù)論證,例子是論證,用來(lái)支持論點(diǎn),所以簡(jiǎn)而言之,例子本身不重要,但前后論點(diǎn)極其重要。
例子開(kāi)始的標(biāo)志:forexample,后面跟著大寫(xiě)、時(shí)間、年代,依然是舉例內(nèi)容。
例子含義的標(biāo)志:show,tell,prove,demonstrate,find,clearly[Page72]IntheUnitedStates,theneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbeeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theact,designedtoprotectspecies'livingareas,andpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestspetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990's,forexample,thewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl(貓頭鷹),whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintact,ancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattles,thefateofthewoodcuttersandtheowlswasstillundecidedinmid1992.
注:1.controversial的意思是受爭(zhēng)議的,同“sharplypoliticalissue”,contro表示“反”2.forexample前句子是重點(diǎn)3.problematic懸而未決的Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednations,forexample,believethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished(使窮困),withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation.
注:1.tension張力,沖突2.看到similar就說(shuō)明第二段說(shuō)的和第一段一樣。3.But轉(zhuǎn)折是重點(diǎn)ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth'sozonelayer(臭氧層),forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultravioletraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.Clearly,protectingwilleonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulation,stabilizethepositionoftheatmosphere,andpreserveintactEarth'splexweblife.
36.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversial
issue?
A)Becausepeoplecan'tagreeastowhatspeciestoprotect.
B)Becauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspecies.
C)Becauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.
D)Becauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures.
注:細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段economicinterests●表示絕對(duì)的詞出現(xiàn)在文章中,是非常重要的出題點(diǎn);如果出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中,很可能是不對(duì)的。全無(wú):nonnothingneverseldomabsolutelyhardlylittlefewpreventexcludeneither...nor全有:alleveryfulleither…唯一:onlyexactlybestmost37.Accordingtothepassage,thepreservationofrainforests________.
A)mayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpoverty.
B)benefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountries.
C)shouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulation.
D)willhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries.
注:細(xì)節(jié)題,對(duì)應(yīng)文章第二段。舉例前那句話更重要,只要表達(dá)出“和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益沖突”就對(duì)了。38.Accordingtothepassage,cuttingtresstogrowmorefood_______.
A)willwidenthegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountries.
B)isbutashorttermrelieftothefoodproblem.
C)canhardlyalleviatetheshortageoffood.
D)provestobeaneffectivewayoutforimpoverishednations.
注:對(duì)應(yīng)文章第二段。Shortterm對(duì)應(yīng)temporarily,relief對(duì)應(yīng)avoid。39.Among“humanity'scurrentproblems”(Line6,Para.3),thechiefconcernofthescientists
is_______.
A)theimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountries.
B)theexplosionofthehumanpopulation.
C)thereductionofbiologicaldiversity.
D)theeffectofglobalwarming.
注:第三段。C選項(xiàng)中reduction對(duì)應(yīng)rob,diversity對(duì)應(yīng)richness。40.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis________.
A)todescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanity'scurrentproblems.
B)topresentthedifferentviewsonhumanity'scurrentproblems.
C)toanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanity'scurrent
problems.
D)topointoutthathumanity'scurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnations.注:看最后一句話,cooperationofnations對(duì)應(yīng)coordinatedinternationalefforts。[Page80]Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家)MarkLaudenslger,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldmot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.
注:1.vulnerable易受傷害的2.immunedefense免疫系統(tǒng)3.found之后是試驗(yàn)告訴我們的觀點(diǎn)4.depress壓抑,de往下
Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.注:1.看第一句三個(gè)單詞就知道本段內(nèi)容和上一段相同。2.passive被動(dòng)的21.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity______.
A)wasstrengthenedB)wasnotaffected
C)wasalteredD)wasweakened注:定位文章第一段found之后
22.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto______.
A)trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli
B)turnofftheelectricity
C)beeabnormallysuspiciousD)behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations
注:定位第二段But之后那句話
23.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat______.
A)theydislikeditstaste
B)itaffectedtheirimmunesystems
C)itledtostomachpains
D)theyassociateditwithstomachaches22.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout_____.(A)theteenagers'criticismoftheirparents(B)misunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparents(C)thedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildren(D)theteenagers'abilitytodealwithcrises注:段落主旨,B和C只說(shuō)了一部分。Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwaysplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominantthattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrises;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblemsandthattheyhavenosenseofhumour,atleastinparentchildrelationships.Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoung.Youngpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparents,thisgivesthemadditionalenjoyment.Theyfeeltheyaresuperior,atleastinasmallway,andthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste.注:1.critical吹毛求疵的,很重要的40.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_____.(A)attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities(B)betteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife(C)theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago(D)prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivitiesGreenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresent,itisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreasaselfevidentstatementthanonthebaseofacloselyreasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisratherplexsubjectIshall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.注:GF對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境有重要的貢獻(xiàn)。Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehaveetotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreetdoorofthehouse.Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreetdoorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.23.Thepassagemainlydealswith______.
(A)thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimps
(B)thesurvivalofdesertshrimps
(C)theimportanceofwatertolife
(D)lifeintheMojaveDesert
注:三段出現(xiàn)shrimp,說(shuō)明本文主要講shrimp,排除C和D,A選項(xiàng)lifespan沒(méi)出現(xiàn)過(guò)。Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼蟲(chóng)).Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought(干旱)intheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(小蝦)thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioninthesouthwestoftheUnitedStateswhereshadetemperaturesofover50Careoftenrecorded.
TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch(孵化).Thenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetretoalengthofabout1.5centimetres.
Throughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythetwelfthday,however,whentheyareabout3centimetrelong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddypatchofwetsoil.Onthethirteenthdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvive,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.
Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egglaying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake:inthiscase,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryears,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egglaying,anddeath.Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.40.Themostappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.
(A)ThewellbeingofCareerWomen
(B)SourcesofMasteryandPleasure
(C)TwoAspectsofWomen'sWellBeing
(D)FreedomRolesWomeninSociety注:A選項(xiàng)career縮小了范圍,B選項(xiàng)沒(méi)出現(xiàn)woman,擴(kuò)大了選項(xiàng)Inourculture,thesourcesofwhatwecallasenseof"mastery"feelingimportantandworthwhileandthesourcesofwhatwecallasense"pleasure"findinglifeenjoyablearenotalwaysidentical.Womenoftenaretold"Youcan'thaveitall."Sometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingis:"Youchoseacareer,soyoucan'texpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappyfamilylife."or"YouhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildrenWhat'sallthisaboutwantingacareer?"Butwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwellbeing,iftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselves.
Ourstudyshowsthat,forwomen,wellbeinghastwodimensions.Oneismastery,whichincludesselfesteem(自尊),asenseofcontroloveryourlife,andlowlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Masteryiscloselyrelatedtothe"doing"sideoflife,toworkandactivity.Pleasureistheotherdimensions,anditisposedofhappiness,satisfactionandoptimism(樂(lè)觀).Itistiedmorecloselytothe"feeling"sideoflife.Thetwoareindependentofeachother.Awomancouldbehighinmasteryandlowinpleasure,andviceversa.Forexample,awomanwhohasagoodjob,butwhosemotherhasjustdied,mightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofherworklife,butthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatime.Theconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwellbeingforwomen,andremedypastmistakes.Inthepast,womenwereencouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwellbeing.Butweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecritical.Andmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythroughwork.Inourstudy,allthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignificantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed.
Awoman'swellbeingisenhanced(增進(jìn))whenshetakesonmultipleroles.Atleastbymiddleadulthood,thewomenwhowereinvolvedinabinationofrolesmarriages,motherhood,andemploymentwerethehighestinwellbeing,despitewarningsaboutstressandstrain.30.Thebesttittleforthepassagewouldbe_________.
A)Apple'sEffortssoStayAheadofIBMB)Apple'sNewputerTechnology
C)Apple'sNewpersonalputersD)Apple'sResearchActivities
Thepetitionamongproducersofpersonalputersisessentiallyaracetogetthebest,mostinnovativeproductstothemarketplace.Marketersinthisenvironmentfrequentlyhavetomakeajudgementastotheirpetitors'rolewhenmakingmarketingstrategydecisions.Ifmajorpetitorsarechangingtheirproducts,thenamarketermaywanttofollowsuittoremainpetitive.Appleputer,Inc.hasintroducedtwonew,fasterpersonputers,theMacintoshIIandMacintoshSE,inanticipationoftheintroductionofanewPCbyIBM,oneofApple'smajorpetitors.
Apple'snewputersaremuchfasterandmorepowerfulthanitsearliermodels.TheimprovedMacintoshisabletorunprogramsthatpreviouslywereimpossibletorunonanApplePC,includingIBMpatibleprograms.Thispatibilityfeatureillustratesputermanufacturers'newattitudeofgivingcustomersthefeaturestheywant.MaltingAppleputerscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareisApple'seffortatmakingtheMackintoshpatiblewithIBMputersandthusmorepopularintheoffice,whereApplehopestoincreasesales,UsersofthenewApplecanalsoaddaccessoriestomaketheirmachinesspecializeinspecificuses,suchasengineeringandwriting.
Thenewputersrepresentabigimprovementoverpastmodels,buttheyalsocostmuchmore.panyofficialsdonotthinkthehigherpricewillslowdownbuyerswhowanttostepuptoamorepowerfulputer.Applewantstostayinthehighpriceendofthepersonalputermarkertofinanceresearchforevenfaster,moresophisticatedputers.
EventhoughAppleandIBMaremajorpetitors,bothpaniesrealizethattheirpetitor'sputershavecertainfeaturesthattheirownmodelsdonot.TheApplelinehasalwaysbeenpopularforitssophisticatedcolorgraphics,whereastheIBMmachineshavealwaysbeenfavoredinoffices.Inthefuture,therewillprobablybemorepatibilitybetweenthetwopanies'products,whichnodoubtwillrequirethatbothAppleandIBMchangemarketingstrategies.25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A)putersandtheKnowledgeSociety.
B)ServiceindustriesinModernSociety.
C)FeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEra.
D)RapidAdvancementofinformationTechnology注:一個(gè)選項(xiàng)能概括每一段的內(nèi)容或者大多數(shù)段的內(nèi)容,即看每段首句。主旨題的迷惑選項(xiàng):末段內(nèi)容、細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容、加詞縮小范圍,減詞擴(kuò)大范圍。
Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemoreparttimejobs.Morepeopleareselfemployed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan'tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Longheldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployersallthesearebeingchallenged.
Wehaveonlytolookbehindtogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalputers,digitalmunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbeeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.puterknowledgewillbeeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthemainideaofthepassage?
A)Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerlaterbereplacedbyputers.
B)cannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.
C)Folksongscannotspreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets
D)Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentoritsmaterialaspect
Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material"things"physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,usedthatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture'stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup'shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusicculture.Themostvividbodyof"things"init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusicculturesittheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturesinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellpreservedPaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNeatEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNeareasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.
Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusicculturesasthoseinwithpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butre
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