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VESA

ProposedStandard

VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

920HillviewCourt,Suite140

Milpitas,CA95035

Phone:(408)957-9270

Fax:

(408)957-9277

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page1of46

CoordinatedVideoTimings(VESA-CVT)

STANDARDPROPOSAL

Revision1,Draft6

May2,2002

Purpose

Thepurposeofthisstandardistoestablishaconsistentandcoordinatesetofstandardformats,displayrefreshrates,andtimingspecificationsforcomputerdisplayproducts,boththoseemployingCRTsandthoseusingotherdisplaytechnologies.Asaconvenience,earlierindustrystandardsarealsodocumentedhereforreferencepurposes.

Summary

STANDARDTIMINGS–4:3AspectRatio

STANDARDTIMINGS–5:4AspectRatio

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page2of46

Resolution

FrameRate

HorizontalFrequency

PixelFrequency

HorizontalTotal

VerticalTotal

1280x1024

(1.3M)

50Hz

52.7kHz

89.375MHz

1696Pixels

1054Lines

60Hz

63.6kHz

108.875MHz

1712Pixels

1060Lines

Resolution

FrameRate

HorizontalFrequency

PixelFrequency

HorizontalTotal

VerticalTotal

640x480

(0.3M)

50Hz

24.7kHz

19.750MHz

800Pixels

495Lines

60Hz

29.8kHz

23.875MHz

800Pixels

497Lines

75Hz

37.5kHz

30.625MHz

816Pixels

502Lines

85Hz

42.8kHz

35.625MHz

832Pixels

505Lines

800x600

(0.5M)

50Hz

30.9kHz

31.125MHz

1008Pixels

618Lines

60Hz

37.2kHz

38.125MHz

1024Pixels

622Lines

75Hz

47.0kHz

48.875MHz

1040Pixels

627Lines

85Hz

53.5kHz

56.500MHz

1056Pixels

630Lines

1024x768

(0.8M)

50Hz

39.4kHz

51.750MHz

1312Pixels

791Lines

60Hz

47.7kHz

64.125MHz

1344Pixels

795Lines

75Hz

60.1kHz

81.750MHz

1360Pixels

802Lines

85Hz

68.5kHz

94.250MHz

1376Pixels

807Lines

1280x960

(1.2M)

50Hz

49.4kHz

83.000MHz

1680Pixels

988Lines

60Hz

59.6kHz

102.000MHz

1712Pixels

994Lines

75Hz

75.2kHz

129.875MHz

1728Pixels

1002Lines

85Hz

85.7kHz

149.375MHz

1744Pixels

1008Lines

1400x1050

(1.6M)

50Hz

54.0kHz

99.750MHz

1848Pixels

1081Lines

60Hz

65.2kHz

122.500MHz

1880Pixels

1087Lines

75Hz

82.2kHz

155.875MHz

1896Pixels

1096Lines

85Hz

93.7kHz

179.125MHz

1912Pixels

1103Lines

1600x1200

(1.9M)

50Hz

61.7kHz

132.375MHz

2144Pixels

1235Lines

60Hz

74.5kHz

160.875MHz

2160Pixels

1242Lines

75Hz

94.0kHz

205.875MHz

2192Pixels

1253Lines

85Hz

107.0kHz

234.625MHz

2192Pixels

1260Lines

1800x1350

(2.4M)

50Hz

69.4kHz

168.250MHz

2424Pixels

1389Lines

60Hz

83.8kHz

204.500MHz

2440Pixels

1397Lines

75Hz

105.7kHz

261.250MHz

2472Pixels

1409Lines

85Hz

120.4kHz

299.625MHz

2488Pixels

1417Lines

2048x1536

(3.1M)

50Hz

79.0kHz

218.625MHz

2768Pixels

1580Lines

60Hz

95.4kHz

267.000MHz

2800Pixels

1589Lines

75Hz

120.2kHz

340.500MHz

2832Pixels

1603Lines

85Hz

137.1kHz

388.125MHz

2832Pixels

1612Lines

2560x1920

(4.9M)

50Hz

98.7kHz

346.000MHz

3504Pixels

1975Lines

60Hz

119.2kHz

421.375MHz

3536Pixels

1987Lines

75Hz

150.3kHz

533.750MHz

3552Pixels

2004Lines

85Hz

171.3kHz

611.125MHz

3568Pixels

2015Lines

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsRev.1.0Draft6

STANDARDTIMINGS–16:9AspectRatio

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page3of46

Resolution

FrameRate

HorizontalFrequency

PixelFrequency

HorizontalTotal

VerticalTotal

640x360

(0.2MW)

50Hz

18.4kHz

14.750MHz

800Pixels

371Lines

60Hz

22.3kHz

17.875MHz

800Pixels

373Lines

75Hz

28.1kHz

22.500MHz

800Pixels

377Lines

85Hz

32.2kHz

25.750MHz

800Pixels

379Lines

848x480

(0.4MW)

50Hz

24.6kHz

26.000MHz

1056Pixels

495Lines

60Hz

29.8kHz

31.500MHz

1056Pixels

497Lines

75Hz

37.6kHz

40.875MHz

1088Pixels

502Lines

85Hz

42.8kHz

47.250MHz

1104Pixels

505Lines

1024x576

(0.6MW)

50Hz

29.6kHz

37.875MHz

1280Pixels

593Lines

60Hz

35.7kHz

46.875MHz

1312Pixels

597Lines

75Hz

45.1kHz

60.625MHz

1344Pixels

602Lines

85Hz

51.4kHz

69.125MHz

1344Pixels

605Lines

1280x720

(0.9MW)

50Hz

37.0kHz

60.375MHz

1632Pixels

741Lines

60Hz

44.7kHz

74.375MHz

1664Pixels

746Lines

75Hz

56.4kHz

95.625MHz

1696Pixels

752Lines

85Hz

64.3kHz

110.000MHz

1712Pixels

756Lines

1600x900

(1.3MW)

50Hz

46.3kHz

97.000MHz

2096Pixels

926Lines

60Hz

55.9kHz

118.875MHz

2128Pixels

932Lines

75Hz

70.4kHz

152.125MHz

2160Pixels

940Lines

85Hz

80.3kHz

174.750MHz

2176Pixels

945Lines

1920x1080

(2.1MW)

50Hz

55.6kHz

141.375MHz

2544Pixels

1112Lines

60Hz

67.0kHz

172.750MHz

2576Pixels

1118Lines

75Hz

84.5kHz

220.500MHz

2608Pixels

1128Lines

85Hz

96.4kHz

252.875MHz

2624Pixels

1134Lines

2048x1152

(2.4MW)

50Hz

59.3kHz

162.125MHz

2736Pixels

1186Lines

60Hz

71.5kHz

198.000MHz

2768Pixels

1192Lines

75Hz

75.0kHz

252.500MHz

2800Pixels

1203Lines

85Hz

102.8kHz

289.500MHz

2816Pixels

1210Lines

2560x1440

(3.7MW)

50Hz

74.1kHz

256.000MHz

3456Pixels

1482Lines

60Hz

89.4kHz

311.750MHz

3488Pixels

1490Lines

75Hz

112.7kHz

396.750MHz

3520Pixels

1503Lines

85Hz

128.5kHz

454.250MHz

3536Pixels

1512Lines

Resolution

FrameRate

HorizontalFrequency

PixelFrequency

HorizontalTotal

VerticalTotal

75Hz

80.2kHz

138.500MHz

1728Pixels

1069Lines

85Hz

91.3kHz

159.375MHz

1744Pixels

1075Lines

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsRev.1.0Draft6

STANDARDTIMINGS–16:10AspectRatio

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page4of46

Resolution

FrameRate

HorizontalFrequency

PixelFrequency

HorizontalTotal

VerticalTotal

640x400

(0.26MW)

50Hz

20.5kHz

16.375MHz

800Pixels

412Lines

60Hz

24.8kHz

19.875MHz

800Pixels

415Lines

75Hz

31.3kHz

25.000MHz

800Pixels

418Lines

85Hz

35.7kHz

29.125MHz

816Pixels

421Lines

768x480

(0.37MW)

50Hz

24.6kHz

23.625MHz

960Pixels

495Lines

60Hz

29.8kHz

28.625MHz

960Pixels

497Lines

75Hz

37.6kHz

37.250MHz

992Pixels

502Lines

85Hz

42.8kHz

42.500MHz

992Pixels

505Lines

1024x640

(0.7MW)

50Hz

32.9kHz

42.625MHz

1296Pixels

659Lines

60Hz

39.7kHz

52.750MHz

1328Pixels

663Lines

75Hz

50.1kHz

67.375MHz

1344Pixels

669Lines

85Hz

57.1kHz

77.625MHz

1360Pixels

672Lines

1280x800

(1.0MW)

50Hz

41.2kHz

68.500MHz

1664Pixels

824Lines

60Hz

49.6kHz

83.375MHz

1680Pixels

828Lines

75Hz

62.6kHz

107.250MHz

1712Pixels

835Lines

85Hz

71.4kHz

123.375MHz

1728Pixels

840Lines

1600x1000

(1.5MW)

50Hz

51.4kHz

108.625MHz

2112Pixels

1029Lines

60Hz

62.1kHz

133.125MHz

2144Pixels

1035Lines

75Hz

78.3kHz

169.125MHz

2160Pixels

1044Lines

85Hz

89.2kHz

194.125MHz

2176Pixels

1050Lines

1920x1200

(2.3MW)

50Hz

61.7kHz

158.000MHz

2560Pixels

1235Lines

60Hz

74.5kHz

193.125MHz

2592Pixels

1242Lines

75Hz

93.9kHz

246.500MHz

2624Pixels

1253Lines

85Hz

107.1kHz

282.625MHz

2640Pixels

1260Lines

2048x1280

(2.6MW)

50Hz

65.8kHz

181.125MHz

2752Pixels

1317Lines

60Hz

79.5kHz

221.250MHz

2784Pixels

1325Lines

75Hz

100.2kHz

280.500MHz

2800Pixels

1336Lines

85Hz

114.2kHz

321.625MHz

2816Pixels

1344Lines

2560x1600

(4.0MW)

50Hz

82.3kHz

285.750MHz

3472Pixels

1646Lines

60Hz

99.3kHz

348.000MHz

3504Pixels

1656Lines

75Hz

125.2kHz

442.750MHz

3536Pixels

1670Lines

85Hz

142.7kHz

507.000MHz

3552Pixels

1680Lines

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsRev.1.0Draft6

REDUCEDBLANKINGTIMINGS

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page5of46

AspectRatio

Resolution

FrameRate

HorizontalFrequency

PixelFrequency

HorizontalTotal

VerticalTotal

4:3

640x480(0.3M-R)

60Hz

29.6kHz

22.750MHz

768Pixels

494Lines

800x600(0.5M-R)

60Hz

37.0kHz

34.375MHz

928Pixels

618Lines

1024x768

(0.8M-R)

60Hz

47.3kHz

54.500MHz

1152Pixels

790Lines

1280x960

(1.2M-R)

60Hz

59.2kHz

83.375MHz

1408Pixels

988Lines

1400x1050

(1.5M-R)

60Hz

64.8kHz

99.000MHz

1528Pixels

1080Lines

1600x1200

(1.9M-R)

60Hz

74.1kHz

128.000MHz

1728Pixels

1235Lines

1800x1350

(2.4M-R)

60Hz

83.3kHz

160.625MHz

1928Pixels

1389Lines

2048x1536

(3.1M-R)

60Hz

94.8kHz

206.250MHz

2176Pixels

1580Lines

2560x1920

(4.9M-R)

60Hz

118.5kHz

318.500MHz

2688Pixels

1975Lines

5:4

1280x1024

(1.3M-R)

60Hz

63.2kHz

89.000MHz

1408Pixels

1054Lines

16:9

640x360(0.2MW-R)

60Hz

22.1kHz

17.000MHz

768Pixels

371Lines

848x480(0.4MW-R)

60Hz

29.6kHz

28.875MHz

976Pixels

494Lines

1024x576

(0.6MW-R)

60Hz

35.5kHz

40.875MHz

1152Pixels

593Lines

1280x720

(0.9MW-R)

60Hz

44.4kHz

62.500MHz

1408Pixels

741Lines

1600x900

(1.4MW-R)

60Hz

55.6kHz

96.000MHz

1728Pixels

926Lines

1920x1080

(2.1MW-R)

60Hz

66.7kHz

136.500MHz

2048Pixels

1111Lines

2048x1152

(2.4MW-R)

60Hz

71.1kHz

154.625MHz

2176Pixels

1185Lines

2560x1440

(3.7MW-R)

60Hz

88.8kHz

238.750MHz

2688Pixels

1481Lines

16:10

640x400(0.3MW-R)

60Hz

24.6kHz

18.875MHz

768Pixels

412Lines

768x480

(0.37MW-R)

60Hz

29.6kHz

26.500MHz

896Pixels

494Lines

1024x640

(0.7MW-R)

60Hz

39.5kHz

45.500MHz

1152Pixels

659Lines

1280x800

(1.0MW-R)

60Hz

49.4kHz

69.500MHz

1408Pixels

823Lines

1600x1000

(1.6MW-R)

60Hz

61.7kHz

106.625MHz

1728Pixels

1029Lines

1920x1200

(2.3MW-R)

60Hz

74.1kHz

151.750MHz

2048Pixels

1235Lines

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsRev.1.0Draft6

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page6of46

AspectRatio

Resolution

FrameRate

HorizontalFrequency

PixelFrequency

HorizontalTotal

VerticalTotal

2048x1280

(2.6MW-R)

60Hz

79.0kHz

171.875MHz

2176Pixels

1317Lines

2560x1600

(4.1MW-R)

60Hz

98.7kHz

265.375MHz

2688Pixels

1646Lines

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsRev.1.0Draft6

Preface

IntellectualProperty

Copyright?2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation.Allrightsreserved.

Whileeveryprecautionhasbeentakeninthepreparationofthisstandard,theVideoElectronicsStandardsAssociationanditscontributorsassumenoresponsibilityforerrorsoromissions,andmakenowarranties,expressedorimplied,offunctionalityorsuitabilityforanypurpose.

Trademarks

Alltrademarksusedwithinthisdocumentarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.VESA,DDC,EDID,andE-EDIDtrademarksoftheVideoElectronicsStandardAssociation.I2CisatrademarkownedbyPhilips.

Patents

VESAproposalsandstandardsareadoptedbytheVideoElectronicsStandardsAssociationwithoutregardastowhethertheiradoptionmayinvolveanypatentsorarticles,materials,orprocesses.Suchadoptiondoesnotassumeanyliabilitytoanypatentowner,nordoesitassumeanyobligationwhatsoevertopartiesadoptingtheproposalsorstandardsdocuments.

SupportforthisStandard

Clarificationsandapplicationnotestosupportthisstandardmaybewritten.Toobtainthelateststandardandanysupportdocumentation,contactVESA.

Ifyouhaveaproduct,whichincorporatesEDID,youshouldaskthecompanythatmanufacturedyourproductforassistance.Ifyouareamanufacturer,VESAcanassistyouwithanyclarificationyoumayrequire.AllcommentsorreportederrorsshouldbesubmittedinwritingtoVESAusingoneofthefollowingmethods.

Fax:

408-9579270,directthisnotetoTechnicalSupportatVESA

e-mail:

support@

mail:

TechnicalSupport

VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation920HillviewCourt,Suite140

Milpitas,CA95035

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page7of46

RevisionHistory

Draft1Initial

October12,2000

BobMyers

Draft2

January14,2001

BobMyers

Intermediateworkingdraft

Draft3

April9,2001

BobMyers

Expandedtoincludeallstandardformats/ratesdefinedatthispointbyTimingsWG.Timingspecificationformatset.

Draft4

January3,2002

GrahamLoveridge

ModifiedtiminggenerationrulestoenabletimingtobegeneratedusingamodifiedGTF.

Draft5

January31,2002GrahamLoveridge

Addedsummarytables,timinginformationandformulas.

Draft6

May2,2002GrahamLoveridge

Changedclockresolutionstepto0.125MHz,makingitmorecompatiblewithvideorelatedsourcesusinga2.25MHzbaseclock.Limitedhorizontalblankingsothatitisalways>=20%tostopcalculatedfrontporchtimingfromgoingnegative.

BobMyersGrahamLoveridgeAland'HautecourtIanMiller

JimWebbDonChambersJoeMiseli

Hewlett-PackardCo.GenesisMicrochipViewsonic

Samsung

GenesisMicrochipTotalTechnologiesSunMicrosystems

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page8of46

TableofContents

REVISIONHISTORY 8

1.

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

2.

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

4.

4.1

4.2

5.

OVERVIEW 10

SUMMARY 10

BACKGROUND 10

STANDARDOBJECTIVES 10

REFERENCEDOCUMENTS 10

HISTORYANDRATIONALEFORFORMAT&TIMINGSELECTION 11

SITUATIONANDNEEDS 11

FORMATSELECTION 11

THESTANDARDFRAMERATESET 12

RULESFORTIMINGGENERATION 12

FRAMERATELOCKING 13

VESASTANDARDDISPLAYFORMATS 14

OVERVIEW 14

VESAFORMATNAMINGCONVENTION 14

VESASTANDARD4:3FORMATS 14

VESASTANDARD5:4FORMATS 15

VESASTANDARD16:9FORMATS 15

VESASTANDARD16:10FORMATS 16

COMPUTATIONOFTIMINGPARAMETERS 17

COMPUTATIONOF"CRT"TIMINGPARAMETERS 17

COMPUTATIONOFREDUCEDBLANKINGTIMINGPARAMETERS 17

VESASTANDARDDISPLAYTIMINGSPECIFICATIONS(BYFORMAT) 18

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page9of46

1.OVERVIEW

1.1

Summary

1.2

Background

1.3

StandardObjectives

1.4

ReferenceDocuments

VESAEnhancedExtendedDisplayIdentificationDataStandard–E-EDID,ReleaseA,September2,1999

VESAEnhancedDisplayDataChannelStandard-E-DDC,Version1,September2,1999

VESAGeneralizedTimingFormulaStandard-GTF,Version1.0,December18,1996

VESAandIndustryStandardsandGuidelinesforComputerDisplayMonitorTimings,Version1.0,Rev.0.8,September17,1998.

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page10of46

2.HistoryandRationaleforFormat&TimingSelection

2.1SituationandNeeds

Thecomputerindustryhas,primarilyduetothehighdegreeofflexibilityprovidedbythemodernmulti-frequencyCRTdisplay,traditionallyemployedaverywiderangeofdisplayformatsandtimingsevenwithinagivenindividualsystem.Thispermitsthesystemtoadaptthedisplay“onthefly”totherequirementsofvariousapplications,andalsopermitstheusertoadaptthesystemtoawiderangeofdisplay-deviceformats,sizes,andtechnologies.However,todatethedevelopmentoftimingstandardsforthesevariouscombinationsofformatsandrateshasnotbeendoneinanysortofcoordinatedmanner–andsowehaveanumberofvariousstandardformatswhichdonotinteroperatewell,andtimingswhichcannotallbepreciselyproducedbyanygivengraphicssystem.

VESAfirstattemptedtoaddressthisproblemthroughthereleaseoftheGeneralizedTimingFormula(GTF)Standardin1996;GTFdefinedaprocesswherebyagivendisplaydeviceandhostsystemcouldalgorithmicallydetermineatimingwhichwouldpermitbothtoworktogether,reducingtheneedforexplicittimingspecificationstocoverallpossiblecases.TheGTFmethodworkswellonpapersinceitreliesonbeingabletocreateapixelfrequencyofinfiniteresolution.This,however,isnotpracticalforrealworldapplicationswhereclockgeneratorshaveafiniteresolution.Italsodoesnotcaterforanincreasingmarketsegment,suchasvideoinawindow,whichrequiresthevideotimingtobepreciselylockedtoanexternalimagesource.

Also,duetotheincreasingnumberofnon-CRT,fixed-formatdisplaytypesinthemarket,thereisaneedfortimingstandardsthatspecificallyaddresstherequirementsofthesetechnologies.CRT-compatibletimingsrequirehigherpixelratesthanwouldberequiredbytheseotherdisplaytechnologiesduetolargeamountofblankingwhichisrequiredforretrace.This,inmostcases,representswastedbandwidthandresultsinhigher-than-neededclockrates.

Inaddressingtheseneeds,though,itisimportanttokeepinmindthefactthatthecomputergraphicssystems,whichmustproducevideooutputstothesespecifications,arenotinfinitelyflexible.Ingeneral,theycannotproduceanyarbitrarynumberofpixelsperline,synthesizeanygivenpixelclockexactly,andsoforth.Inaddition,theproblemofscalinginformationbetweendifferentformatsandratessaysthatweshouldnotsimplygeneratetimingsandformatsasindependententities.Somethoughtshouldbegiventotheinteroperabilityandcompatibilitywithinthechosenset,aswellastotheabilityofthegraphicshardwaretoproducethespecifiedtiming.

Thisstandardrepresentsanattempttoaddresstheseneedsinasingle,coordinatedeffortbydevelopingasetofrulesforgeneratingtiming.Thegoalbeingtocreateamethodbywhichdisplaymanufacturersandgraphichardwarevendorscandevelopnewproductswithenhancedcompatibilityandinteroperability.

Asetofstandardformatsispresented,alongwithalimitedsetofstandardrates,andthentimingspecificationsforeachcombinationisgivenforbothCRTandnon-CRTdisplays,regardlessofinterfacetype.Thegoalbeingthatanygraphicshardware,ifdesignedwiththesesimpleguidelinesinmind,shouldbeabletoexactlyproduceanyspecifiedtimingwithinitsrange.

2.2FormatSelection

Itisnottheintentionofthisdocumenttoimposeafixedsetofstandardformats.Thisdocumentlistsacompilationoftimings,whichareconsideredtobe"industrystandard"formatsthatthePCanddisplayindustrymayadopt.Inchoosingtheseformats,thefollowingbasicguidelineswereconsidered:

1. Whetherornottheformatisalreadyanestablishedindustrystandard.Itisnotourintentiontocompletelyre-writethesetofformatsalreadyinusewithintheindustry,evenifinmanycasesthissetisnotoptimizedforinteroperability(scaling,etc.).However,alternativesthatdooffercertainadvantagesovertheiroldercounterpartsmayalsobeprovided,whereappropriate,intheVESAstandardset.

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

Page11of46

2.

Standardformatsshouldconformtothestandardaspectratiosbeingusedbytheindustryinthedesignofnewdisplaydevices.Atpresent,displaydevicesarealmostwithoutexceptionbeingproducedwithphysicalscreendimensionsprovidinga4:3,16:9,or16:10aspectratio(ortheportrait-formatversionofthese).Imageformatsshould,therefore,beselectedtomatchthese.Exceptionswillbemadeonlyinthecaseofalong-establishedindustrystandard(e.g.,the1280x1024format,whichisa5:4aspectratio),orinthecaseofaclearneed.

Standardformatsshouldbeproducedassuming“square”pixelaspectratios,i.e.,thenumberofpixelsperunitdistance,astheimageistobedisplayed,isthesameinboththeverticalandhorizontaldirections.Exceptionsagainwillbemadeonlyinthecaseofexisting,establishedstandards(e.g.,the720x480formatusedintheDVD,whichisdisplayedaseithera4:3or16:9image),buteveninthesecases“square”alternativesmayalsobeprovided.

Thenumberofpixelsperlineinanyformatshouldbechosentofallonreasonableboundaries,asthemajorityofgraphicshardwaredoesnotpermitprogrammabilitydowntothepixellevel.Inotherwords,arbitraryhorizontalpixelcountsaretobeavoided,infavorofvaluesthataremultiplesofanacceptablebase“character”size.Inthepast,thishasbeenassumedtomeanthathorizontalactivecountsshouldataminimumbemultiplesof8pixels;forlargerformats,itmayevenbedesirabletouselargerincrements.Further,thesecountsshouldbechosensoastopermitgoodinteroperability/scalingbetweenthemembersofthestandardset.Forinstance,the640x480and1280x960formatsprovideverygoodinteroperability,duetothesimple2:1relationshipbetweentheirpixelandlinecounts.

3.

4.

Theseguidelinesshouldbeconsideredwhendevelopingnewformatsasawaytolimitthenumberofinfinitepossibilitiesandincreasecompatibilityandinteroperability.

2.3TheStandardFrameRateSet

WiththereleaseoftheGTFstandard,thereislessreasontoproduceexplicittimingspecificationsforanyandallframe,or“refresh”,rates.Therealdrivingforcebehindstandardratesatthistimeiscompatibilitywithotherestablishedimagesourcesanddisplays–suchastelevision–andtopermittheprecisesynchronizationofmultiplesystemsand/ordisplayswhilestilloperatingatanergonomically-acceptablerate.Forthisreason,thesetofstandardratesforwhichtimingspecificationsshouldbedevelopedwillbesomewhatrestricted.Itshouldbeunderstoodthatrequirementsoutsideofthesespecificratescouldstillbeaddressedbythetiminggenerationrulesoutlinedinthisdocument.

Forthefirstreleaseofthisstandard,thefollowingframerateswillbeusedtodefinethestandardsetoftimings:

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50.00Hz–Thisisalong-establishedstandardrateinEuropeantelevisionproductionandotherareasusingthePALorSECAMtelevisionsystems.

60.00Hz–Thisrateisalong-establishedstandard;itisreasonablycompatiblewiththestandardtelevisionfieldrateusedinNorthAmericaandJapan,andisexpectedtobeoneofthestandardfield/frameratesusedunderthe

U.S.digitaltelevisionbroadcastingstandard.Itisalsocompatiblewith24FPSfilm-sourcedmaterial,viathe“3:2pulldown”technique.

75.00Hz–Thisratemaintainsgoodcompatibility/interoperabilitywithsystemsatboththe60Hzand50Hzstandardvideorates,whileprovidingmoreergonomicallyacceptableperformanceinmanydisplaytypes.75Hzoperationisalsocompatiblewithfilm-sourcedmaterialproducedundertheEuropean25FPSstandard.

85.00Hz–Whilenota“video-friendly”rate,85Hzhasbecomeade-factostandardforPCdisplayswishingtomeetthestrictestergonomicrequirementsfora“flicker-free”image.Atthisrate,thetypicalCRT-basedcomputerdisplay,understandardviewingconditions,willappear“flicker-free”togreaterthan95%ofthepopulation.

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2.4RulesforTimingGeneration

Inordertomeetthegoalofinteroperabilitywithinthesetoftimingspecificationsestablishedhere,andwithotherestablishedstandards,thefollowingrules,presentedhereinorderofpriority,havebeenusedinthegenerationofthe

preferredVESAstandardtimingsgiveninSection5ofthisstandard.tousetheserulestogeneratetimingforagivenformat.

Section4detailsthecomputationalstepsinvolved

VESACoordinatedVideoTimingsStandardPROPOSAL

Copyright2002VideoElectronicsStandardsAssociation

Revision1,Draft6

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PixelClockSelection–Duetothefiniteprecisionofmodernclocksynthesiscircuitry,thepixelclocksusedwillallbemembersofaspecifiedset,inthiscaseintegermultiplesof0.125MHz. Theonlyexceptiontothisiswhenthereisaneedtolockthevideotimingtoanexternalsource,suchasvideoinawindowapplication.Intheseinstances,thepixelclockrateshallbederivedfromtheexternalsource.Seesection2.5formoredetails.

FrameRate–TheStandardFrameSetislistedinsection2.3.Althoughotherframeratesarenotprohibited,itisstronglyadvisedthatonebechosenfromthestandardset.Duetopixelclockrounding,asdescribedinitem1above,theactualframeratewillbewithin+/-0.5Hzofthedesiredframerate.Forapplicationsthatarelockedtoanexternalvideosource,suchasvideoinawindow,theactualframerateshouldbederivedfromtheexternalsource,seesection2.5formoredetails.ForReducedBlankingtimings,thepreferredrefreshrateis60Hz.Thisframerateisconsideredfastenoughtoeliminatemotionartifactswithoutincreasingthesignalbandwidth(pixelclock)unnecessarily.Inaddition,asubstantialamountofthenon-CRTmarkethasspentconsiderableeffortoptimizingdisplaydevicesfor60Hz.Although60Hzispreferred,itdoesnotexcludeotherframeratesfromexisting

Horizontalcounts–Alldefinitionsreferringtothehorizontaltiming,includingthehorizontalactivepixels,horizontaltotalpixels,syncpulsedurationand“frontporch”and“backporch”times,mustbedivisibleby8,andpreferablybyhigherpowersof2.

BlankingTimes

"CRT"Timing–Forthecaseof"CRT"timing,thehorizontalblankingshallbecalculatedusingGTF.DefaultparametersofM=600,C=40,K=128andJ=20shallbeusedandtheverticalblankingshallexceedaminimumrequirementof500microseconds.Toensurethatthecalculatedvalueofthefrontporchdoesnotgonegative,thecalculatedblankingpercentageshallbelimitedsuchthatisalwaysgreaterthanorequalto20%.

ReducedBlanking–ForthecaseofReducedBlankingtimings,theblankingtimeisreducedtoprovideasignificantpixelclockreductionoverthecorresponding“CRT”timing,whilestillprovidingsufficienttimetomeettheexpectedneedsofnon-CRTdisplays.ReducedBlankingtimingswillinallcasesfixthehorizontalblankingtimeto132clockcycles.Theverticalblankingshallalwaysexceedaminimumrequirementof

460microseconds.

HorizontalSyncPulseDurationandPosition

"CRT"Timing–Thehorizontalsyncpulsedurationwillinallcasesbesetascloselyaspossibleto8%ofthetotalhorizontaltime,withthepositionsetsothatthetrailingedgeofthehorizontalsyncpulsefallsascloselyaspossibletothecenterofthehorizontalblankingperiod.

ReducedBlanking–Thehorizontalsyncpulsedurationwillinallcasesbe32pixelclocksinduration,withthepositionsetsothatthetrailingedgeofthehorizontalsyncpulseislocatedinthecenterofthehorizontalblankingperiod.Sincethehorizontalblankingperiodisafixednumberofpixelclocks,thefrontporchandbackporcharealsoafixednumberofpixelclockcycles.

VerticalSyncPulseDurationandPosition–Theverticalsyncpulsedurationwillinallcasesbesettoexactlythreehorizontallinetimesandfollowtheactivevideoafteraonelinefrontporch.

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2.5FrameRateLocking

Somespecificapplicationsmayrequireanexactframeratethatislockedtoanexternalvideosource,e.g.videoinawindow.Fortheseinstancesitisnecess