重難點(diǎn)10非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-2023年中考英語(yǔ)【熱點(diǎn)·重點(diǎn)·難點(diǎn)】專練(全國(guó)通用)(原卷版)

專項(xiàng)一詞匯重難點(diǎn)10非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 1.動(dòng)詞不定式1.1.動(dòng)詞不定式的形式:基本形式為“to+動(dòng)詞原形”，否定形式為“notto+動(dòng)詞原形”。例It'simportantnottobelateforclass.上課不遲到是非常重要的。1.2.動(dòng)詞不定式的功能（1)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。例WeneedmoremoneytoimprovetransportinLondon.我們需要更多的錢來(lái)改善倫敦的交通狀況。（2)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)。常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正作主語(yǔ)的不定式后置。常用句型為“Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.”。例It'snoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.在這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上要找到路很不容易。（3)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：wouldlike/wantto想要agreeto同意affordto負(fù)擔(dān)得起hope/wishto希望decideto決定promiseto承諾continueto繼續(xù)expectto期望refuseto拒絕（4)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事（5)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在修飾詞后，作后置定語(yǔ)。例Ican'tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.我想不出任何好的建議給她。（6)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)。常放于be動(dòng)詞后。例Myjobistolookafterthebaby.我的工作是照顧這個(gè)嬰兒。1.3.“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式可以與疑問(wèn)代詞who,whom,what,which,whose及疑問(wèn)副詞when,where,how等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。Ididn'tknowhowtogetbacktothevillage.我不知道怎樣回到村子。1.4.常見(jiàn)省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)hadbetterdosth.最好做某事wouldratherdosth.寧愿做某事cannotbutdosth.只好做某事Why(not)dosth.?為什么（不）做某事？動(dòng)名詞2.1.動(dòng)名詞的功能（1)動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）有：enjoy喜歡finish完成keep(on)保持mind介意advise建議suggest建議practice練習(xí)admit承認(rèn)feellike想要can'thelp禁不住imagine想象avoid避免（2)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。介詞后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例Aftereatinginherrestaurantpeoplewouldbecometiredveryquickly.顧客在她的餐館里吃過(guò)飯以后，很快就會(huì)感到疲乏。（3)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)。置于被修飾詞之前，表明被修飾詞的用途、性質(zhì)等。例Sheisinthewaitingroom.她在候車室。例Let'sbuyawashingmachine.我們買臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)吧。（4)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。表示一種概念、習(xí)慣或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。Itisfunplayingcomputergames.玩電腦游戲很有趣。（5)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)。例Hisfavoritesportsisplayingbasketball.他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打籃球。2.2.動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別部分動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大。remembertodosth.記得去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事regrettodosth.遺憾去做某事（未做某事而遺憾）regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事（做了某事而后悔）trytodosth.設(shè)法盡力做某事trydoingsth.試著做某事stoptodosth.停下當(dāng)前事去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止當(dāng)前事現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種。分詞的句法功能如下：功能說(shuō)明例句定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)與被修飾詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞；反之，為被動(dòng)關(guān)系或動(dòng)作已完成用過(guò)去分詞。單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾詞前，分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在修飾詞后。Forexample,therearealreadyrobotsworkinginfactories.例如，已經(jīng)有機(jī)器人在工廠里工作了。Heisamanlovedbyall.他是一個(gè)受大家愛(ài)戴的人。狀語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞；與主語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞。Beingill,shestayedathome.因?yàn)椴×?，所以她待在家里。Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能做出這道題。補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系或表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞；賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系、動(dòng)作已完成或動(dòng)作他人完成用過(guò)去分詞。Don'thavethestudentsstudyingallday.不要讓學(xué)生們整天學(xué)習(xí)。Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是歷年中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的能力。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1.動(dòng)詞不定式；2.動(dòng)名詞；3.分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但同時(shí)仍保留動(dòng)詞某些特征的動(dòng)詞形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。典例解析1．（2022·四川廣安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theyneedto________(籌集)enoughmoneytobuildanewschool.【答案】raise【詳解】句意：他們需要籌集足夠的資金來(lái)建造一所新學(xué)校?；I集：raise，needtodosth.“需要做某事”，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故填raise。2．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ifyou’reoutgoingenough,you’llfindit’snothardto________________(交朋友)withothers.【答案】

make

friends【詳解】句意：如果你足夠外向，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)和別人交朋友并不難。makefriendswithsb.“與某人交朋友”；固定句型it’s+形容詞+todosth.“做某事是……樣的”。故填make；friends。3．（2022·安徽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）I’mafraidImightlosemybestfriend,andI’lltrytor________(修復(fù))ourrelationship.【答案】(r)epair【詳解】句意：我害怕我可能會(huì)失去我最好的朋友，我會(huì)努力修復(fù)我們的關(guān)系。repair“修復(fù)”，trytodosth“努力做某事”，故填(r)epair。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2022·貴州黔東南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Anoldman________onthesideoftheroadwasfound________,andhewassenttothehospitalbythebusdriverandpassengersimmediately.A．lies;dies B．lay;died C．lain;dead D．lying;dying2．（2022·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thepaintingisreallyvaluabletohim.Hewillneveragree________it.A．sell B．sells C．sold D．tosell3．（2022·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Mr.Browntoldhissonnot________thepaintingsinthemuseum.A．touch B．totouch C．touching D．touched4．（2022·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Kitty,thesebooksare________heavyforyou________carry.Letmehelpyou.A．a(chǎn)s…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that5．（2022·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thenewyeariscoming.Teachersencourageus________newhobbies.A．develop B．developing C．todevelop D．developed6．（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoor.A．Reach B．Toreach C．Reaching D．Toreaching7．（2022·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—MissLi,canyoutellmehowtoimprovemywritingskills?—Certainly.Iadviseyou________adiaryinEnglisheveryday.A．tokeep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps8．（2022·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Welearned________toworkasateambycompletingthetask.A．what B．which C．how D．who9．（2022·云南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ifyouwant________yourpronunciation,keeponpracticingeveryday.A．improve B．improved C．improving D．toimprove10．（2022·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thelocalgovernmentadvisespeople________tootherplaces________itisnotnecessaryduringthepandemic.A．travel;unless B．tonottravel;if C．nottotravel;unless D．nottotravel;if11．（2022·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Hurryup,Jason!We’regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstillneed________.—Don’tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutes________enough.A．washing;are B．towash;are C．towash;is D．washing;is12．（2022·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Boysandgirls,goodluckandwishyou________goodgradesonyournewjourney!A．cutting B．tocut C．getting D．toget13．（2022·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Hollyprefersplayingthepianoto________theviolin.Listen!She________thepianoinherroom.A．play;isplaying B．playing;plays C．playing;isplaying14．（2022·四川遂寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Theartfestivaliscoming.It’sagoodchancetoshowourselves.—Youareverygoodat________.Andyouwillbethemostpopularstar.A．singing B．sing C．tosing D．sang15．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Nancydidn’tknowanyoneinthenewschool,soshedecidedtojoinanafter-schoolclub________somenewfriends.A．tomeet B．meet C．met D．meets二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空16．（2022·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theteacheraskedthestudents________(circle)thecorrectanswer.17．（2022·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Moreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoy________(read)poems.18．（2022·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）MissGaoispreparingatalkonhow_________(solve)teenagerproblems.19．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Iremember__________mykeyintomybag,butnowit’snotthere!（put）20．（2022·上?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Thejournalisthopedto_________thebraveactofthefireman.（reporter）三、完成句子21．（2022·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）凱特計(jì)劃參加學(xué)校科學(xué)日活動(dòng)。Katewasplanningto__________________theactivitiesontheschoolScienceDay.22．（2022·貴州貴陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）做往往比說(shuō)更重要。_______somethingisusuallymoreimportantthantosaysomething.23．（2022·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）那位62歲的女士足夠勇敢，從湖里救起了一位小伙子。（完成譯句）The62-year-oldlady