2024屆新高考英語(yǔ)沖刺熱點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

Grammar2024屆新高考英語(yǔ)沖刺熱點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成：+,+關(guān)系詞先行詞Shehastwobrothers,(whoareworkinginthecity).+其他部分1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ),如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞常可省略。如:(1)Whatisthenameofthetallwomanwhoisstandingthere?

站在那邊的那個(gè)女人叫什么名字?(2)Torontoisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.

多倫多是我常想去參觀的一個(gè)城市。

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對(duì)先行詞作些附加的說(shuō)明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),一般不用that和why引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系詞不可省略。如：(1)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇見(jiàn)金教授,他從是倫敦大學(xué)來(lái)的。(2)Helentmeadictionary,whichwasjustwhatIneeded.他借給我一本詞典,這正是我所需要的。1.Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity.

她有兩個(gè)弟弟在這個(gè)城市工作。（意含：她還有其他弟弟。）Shehastwobrothers,

whoareworkinginthecity.

她有兩個(gè)弟弟,他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市工作。（意含：她只有兩個(gè)弟弟。）2.意義不同Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。(意含:她還有其他哥哥)Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的,他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。(意含:她只有一個(gè)哥哥)3.Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthem

arewellwritten.所有里面帶插圖的書(shū)都寫(xiě)得很好。(意含:不帶插圖的書(shū)則不一定寫(xiě)得好)Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.所有的書(shū)都帶插圖,這些書(shū)都寫(xiě)得很好。(意含:沒(méi)有不帶插圖的書(shū))2.Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不會(huì)穿一些使他顯得與眾不同的衣服。

Hewillwearnoclothes,

whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不穿衣服,這會(huì)使他顯得與眾不同。3.大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ),而特殊場(chǎng)合非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常由which引導(dǎo)。如：(1)Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一個(gè)中年女子殺害了其丈夫，這事令我十分恐懼。解析:從語(yǔ)境可知，令我恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為中年女子殺害了其丈夫這整個(gè)一件事,因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。(2)Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一個(gè)五歲的男孩會(huì)講兩門(mén)外語(yǔ),令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到非常驚訝。解析:從語(yǔ)境可知,令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到驚訝的內(nèi)容是一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。4.連接詞的使用Hedidn’tpasstheexam,thatdisappointedme.

whichThisisthebook(which/that)helostyesterday.Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)可省，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中所有關(guān)系代詞均不可省。關(guān)系代詞的指代關(guān)系指人指物在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用WhoWhomWhichwhose√√主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)√√√賓語(yǔ)指代整個(gè)主句關(guān)系副詞的指代關(guān)系指地點(diǎn)指時(shí)間在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用WhereWhen√√時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)介詞+which六.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別相同點(diǎn):as和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句里做主語(yǔ),或者賓語(yǔ),指代前面的整個(gè)句子的意思;區(qū)別一:as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于插入語(yǔ),位置靈活;而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放主句后面

Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。Smoking,asweknow,isharmfultoone'shealthSmokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweknow.

Asisknowntoall,heisahero.=He,asisknowntoall,isahero.=Heisahero,asisknowntoall.=Whatisknowntoallisthatheisahero.=Itisknowntoallthatheisahero.(that引導(dǎo)的不是定語(yǔ)從句，而是真正的主語(yǔ))區(qū)別二:

as翻譯為"正如",which翻譯為"這"

asanybodycansee正如人人都可以看到的一樣asweallknow正如我們大家都知道的一樣

asisreported正如所報(bào)道的一樣

asisknowntoall正如為大家所知的一樣

Asisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.as+sb/sth+is正如原來(lái)的一樣

Don'tmovethecomputerdesk,andpleaseleaveitasitis.在原地不動(dòng)asisthecase正如原有的情況一樣

Asistheoftencase，hewaslateagaintoday．a(chǎn)s（it）oftenhappens正如所常發(fā)生的一樣;as(it)

seems,as(it)waspointed;as(it)happensJackhaswonthefirstprize,as(it)oftenhappens.Tomhaspassedtheexam,_______nobodyknows.Hecametomybirthdayparty,________Iexpected.Hecametomybirthdayparty,_________Ididn’texpectatall.區(qū)別三：否定意義的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用as引導(dǎo)。

whichaswhich區(qū)別四;such......as;so.....as;as.....as結(jié)構(gòu)里,后一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)定從,不可用which.Heissuchalazymanasnobodywantstoworkwith(as是workwith的賓語(yǔ))Heissolazyaboyasnobodywantstoworkwith.(定語(yǔ)從句)Heissolazyaboythatnobodywantstoworkwithhim.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.Takeasmanyjewelsasyouwant.Wehavefoundsuch

materialsasareusedintheirfactory.(as做主語(yǔ))。像…一樣的，像…之類比較七:thesame......as/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday(同類同物)Ihavethesamebookasyoulostyesterday.(同類不同物)注意：

當(dāng)先行詞是theway,作狀語(yǔ)表“方式”時(shí)，關(guān)系詞只能是that/inwhich/省略錯(cuò)漏“擺”出1.PeopleareexcitedtomeetZhaiZhigang,hewasthefirstChinesetowalkinspace.2.ManyChinesewillneverforgetMay12th,2008,whenabigearthquakehappenedinSichuanthen.3.WhichisshownonTV,manychildrensufferedalotfromthepollutedmilk.hewhothen去掉WhichAs4.LinHaoisahero,whoweshouldlearn.5.ChinagotthemostgoldmedalsintheOlympics,thatmakespeopleexcited.6.IdreamofgoingtoBeijing,whichthe29thOlympicGameswasheld.whofromwhomthatwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhoweshouldlearnfromHangzhouisabeautifulcity,_____________peoplevisitthefamousWestLake.2.Beijing,_________isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,________isapopstar.whichAswhowhere/inwhich5.Ishouldthankmyteacher,with__