2023年考研外語沖刺試卷1

考研外語沖刺試卷1

一、UseofEnglish

1、Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowto

rapidlydiagnose,treatandstopthespreadofanew,deadly

disease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was[1]

forthefirsttimeinFebruary2022inHanoi,【2】sincethen

hasinfectedmorethan1,600peoplein15countries,killing

63.Atthis[3],therearemorequestionsthananswers

surroundingthedisease.

Symptomsstart[4]afeverover100.4degreesF,chills,headache

orbody[5].Withinaweek,thepatienthasadrycough,which

might[6]toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcases,

patientsrequire[7]ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefrom

thedisease.Symptoms[8]beginintwotosevendays,butsome

reportssuggestit[9]takeaslongas10days.Scientistsare

closeto[10]alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantime,it

isdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence[11]

antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp,[12]doctorscanoffer

onlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolation

toreducetheriskof[13].Scientistsaren,tsureyet,but

someresearchersthinkitJsaL14]discoveredcoronavirus,the

familyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds.

Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed[15]dropletsexpelled

wheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersof

infectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeen

mostlikelyto[16]theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHong

Kongsuggestthatthe[17]mightspreadthroughair,orthat

thevirusmight[18]fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother

[19]Healthexpertssayitis[20],though,thatsharingan

elevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwou1dbeenoughtopass

thevirus.

(1)

A.detected

B.caught

C.disclosed

D.revealed

2、(2)

A.but

B.and

C.or

D.yet

3、(3)

A.time

B.point

C.aspect

D.instance

4、(4)

A.from

B.over

C.upon

D.with

5、(5)

A.hurt

B.sore

C.aches

D.feelings

6、(6)

A.process

B.advance

C.progress

D.convert

7、(7)

A.automatic

B.artificial

C.mechanical

D.controlled

8、(8)

A.regularly

B.ordinarily

C.traditionally

D.generally

9、(9)

A.will

B.might

C.should

D.must

10、(10)

A.cultivating

B.fostering

C.developing

D.designing

11、(11)

A.which

B.that

C.whether

D.what

12、(12)

A.so

B.but

C.still

D.yet

13、(13)

A.communication

B.transportation

C.transformation

D.transmission

14、(14)

A.lately

B.newborn

C.newly

D.renewed

15、(15)

A.under

B.through

C.beneath

D.from

16、(16)

A.acquire

B.receive

C.obtain

D.contract

17、(17)

A.ailment

B.ill-health

C.disease

D.infection

18、(18)

A.continue

B.linger

C.delay

D.persist

19、(19)

A.exteriors

B.outside

C.surfaces

D.coverings

20、(20)

A.probably

B.obviously

C.unlikely

D.clearly

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

AccordingtocomScore,Facebookistheleadingsocial

networkingsitebasedonmonthlyuniquevisitors,having

overtakenmaincompetitorMySpaceinApril2022.Accordingto

Alexa,thewebsite'srankingamongallwebsitesincreasedfrom

60thto7thintermsofworldwidetraffic,fromSeptember2022

toSeptember2022,andiscurrently5th.Quantcastranksthe

website15thinU.S.intermsoftraffic,andCompete,comranks

it14thinU.S.

TheInternetphenomenon,whichboasts80millionusers

worldwide,explodedinpopularityoverthepastyearasa

convenientwayforWebuserstocommunicateandsharepersonal

detailswithselectedgroupsoffriendsoracquaintances.But

grammaticalerrorsintheautomatedmessagesFacebookusesto

personalizepronounswhenmembersshareinformationwiththeir

friendshaveproliferatedsincethesiteexpandedfrom

English-onlyinto15newlanguagesinrecentmonths.

Andnow,Facebookwillpressmemberstodeclarewhetherthey

aremaleorfemale,seekingtoendthegrammaticaldevicethat

leadsthesitetorefertoindividualusersas"they"or

“themself.""We'vegottenfeedbackfromtranslatorsandusers

inothercountriesthattranslationswindupbeingtoo

confusingwhenpeoplehavenotspecifiedasexontheir

profiles,FacebookproductmanagerNaomiGleitsaidina

companystatement.

InEnglish,whenusersfailtospecifywhatgendertheyare,

Facebookdefaultstosomeform,ofthegenderneutral,plural

pronoun"they."Thatoptionisunavailablewhenthepluralis

alwaysmasculineorfeminineinotherlanguages."Peoplewho

haven，tselectedwhatsextheyarefrequentlygetdefaultedto

thewrongsex,“Gleitwrote.

Unlessthegenderoftheuserisclear,Facebookdoesnotknow

whichpronountousetonotifyothermembersaddinformation

tothesite.ThiscommonEnglishproblemismultipliedin

languageswheremasculineandfemininedistinctionsare

grammaticallyingrained.

Thesitewillnowaskuserstospecifywhethertheyaremale

orfemaleontheirbasicmember-shipprofile.Itwillprompt

existinguserstodefinethemselves.Facebookhasanopt-out

optionformemberswhochoosenottospecifytheirgenderor

donotconsidergendertobeclearcut.Memberscanremove

mentionofgenderfrommessagesabouttheiractivities."We've

receivedpushbackinthepastfromgroupsthatfindthe

male/femaledistinctiontoolimiting,“Gleitsaid.

Whatdoestheword"traffic”(Line3,Paragraph1)mostprobably

mean?

A.Thenumberofvisitstoacertainwebsite.

B.Thechangeofwebsiterankings.

C.Theamountofprofitawebsiteabletogenerateannually.

D.Thetrendincommunicationindustry.

2、

WhichoneofthefollowingistrueaboutFacebook?

A.Thewebsitesarelosingtheirpopularityinagradualway.

B.Registereduser'sprofilesareopentoanyoneonthe

internet.

C.Onlyfriendsandacquaintancesoftheusershaveaccessto

theirprofiles.

D.ThewebsiteisinEnglishonlysinceEnglishisauniversal

languagenow.

3、

Fromthepassage,weknowthatFacebookisnowfacedwiththe

problemthat.

A.lessandlesspeoplearepayingvisitstoit

B.peoplearecheatingabouttheirrealgenderonit

C.itisdifficulttotellwhetheranuserismaleorfemale

D.usersareusingimpropriatelanguagethere

4、

Fromthepassage,weknowthatinsomeotherlanguagethan

English,.

A.thereisnodifferencebetweenmaleandfemaleinpronouns

B.itisveryrudetoaskaboutthegenderquestiononinternet

C.evenpluralform,ofpronounshavegendertendencies

D.thesingularform,andpluralform,isthesame

5、

Whichoneofthefollowingistrueunderthenewregulations

ofFacebook?

A.Theusersareencouragedtoincludetheirgender

informationintheirextendedprofiles.

B.Onlythenewregistrationsareinfluencedbythisnew

regulation.

C.Userscanstillchoosenottospecifytheirgender.

D.Everyoneiswelcomingthisnewregulationsinceitbrings

ahoutclarityandconvenience.

6^Thetermmassagetherapy(alsocalledmassage,forshort;

massagealsoreferstoanindividualtreatmentsession)covers

agroupofpracticesandtechniques.Thereareover80types

ofmassagetherapy.Inallofthem,therapistspress,rub,and

otherwisemanipulatethemusclesandothersofttissuesofthe

body,oftenvaryingpressureandmovement.Theymostoftenuse

theirhandsandfingers,butmayusetheirforearms,elbows,

orfeet.Typically,theintentistorelaxthesofttissues,

increasedeliveryofbloodandoxygentothemassagedareas,

warmthem,anddecreasepain.

Massagetherapydatesbackthousandsofyears.Referencesto

massagehavebeenfoundinancientwritingsfrommanycultures,

includingthoseofAncientGreece,AncientRome,Japan,China,

Egypt,andtheIndiansubcontinent.IntheUnitedStates,

massagetherapyfirstbecamepopularandwaspromotedfora

varietyofhealthpurposesstartinginthemid-1800s.Inthe

1930sand1940s,however,massagefelloutoffavor,mostly

becauseofscientificandtechnologicaladvancesinmedical

treatments.Interestinmassagerevivedinthe1970s,

especiallyamongathletes.

Morerecently,a2022nationalsurveyonAmericans'useofCAM

(publishedin2022)foundthat5percentofthe31,000

participantshadusedmassagetherapyinthepreceding12

months,and9.3percenthadeverusedit.Accordingtorecent

reviews,peopleusemassageforawidevarietyof

health-relatedintents:forexample,torelievepain(often

frommusculoskeletalconditions,butfromotherconditionsas

well);rehabilitatesportsinjuries;reducestress;increase

relaxation;addressfeelingsofanxietyanddepression;andaid

generalwellness.

Massagetherapyappearstohavefewseriousrisksif

appropriatecautionsarefollowed.Averysmallnumberof

seriousinjurieshavebeenreported,andtheyappeartohave

occurredmostlybecausecautionswerenotfollowedoramassage

wasgivenbyapersonwhowasnotproperlytrained.Healthcare

providersrecommendthatpatientsnothavemassagetherapy

beforetheyconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheirownhealth

conditions.

Scientistsarestudyingmassagetounderstandwhateffects

massagetherapyhasonpatients,howithasthoseeffects,and

why.Someaspectsofthisarebetterunderstoodthanothers.

Therearemanymoreaspectsthatarenotyetknownorwel1

understoodscientifically.Morewell-designedstudiesare

neededtounderstandandconfirmthesetheoriesandother

scientificaspectsofmassage.

WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsaboutmassageisNOT

correctaccordingtothepassage?

A.Manydifferentpracticesandtechniquescanallbecalled

massage.

B.Softtissuesofthebodyareusuallythetargetofmassage.

C.Handsandfingersaidetheonlybodypartsthattherapists

usewhenpracticingmassage.

D.Massagecandomuchmorethanjustprovidingrelaxation.

7、

Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthehistory

ofmassage?

A.Ithasahistoryofaboutseveralhundredyears.

B.ItisonlyfoundinancientAsiacountrieslikeChinaand

Japan.

C.Itlostitspopularityafter1970sbecauseofmedical

advances.

D.IthadtwistsandturnsinitsdevelopmentinU.S.

8、

Inthesurveymentionedinparagraph3,weknowthat9.3

percentoftheparticipants.

A.usedmassagetherapyin2022

B.usedmassagetherapyin2022

C.hadusedmassagetherapyatleastonce

D.usedmassagetherapyin2022

9、

Paragraph4ismainlyconcernedabout.

A.sideeffectsandrisksofmassagetherapy

B.safetyofmassagetherapy

C.cautionsthatthetherapistsneedtofollow

D.thetrainingprocessesofaqualifiedtherapists

10、

Fromthepassage,weknowthatthestudyofmassage.

A.havenotgotstartedyet

B.needsmoreresearchontherapypractice

C.cannotexplaintherapypracticeatall

D.canprovidefullexplanationsfortherapypractice

11、Schoolshootingsacrossthecountrycontinuetodiscuss

thestoryofthestudentwhoisoutcastbyfellowpeersand

decidestolashout.Thesereportsmayleavesomewonderingif

ostracismisalegitimatecauseforviolence.KipWilliams

believesitis.Williams,aprofessorofpsychologyatPurdue

University,recentlycametocampustospeakabouttheeffects

ofbeingostracized.Theseeffectscanbedistressing,butthey

oftengounnoticed,hesaid."Iwouldhaveratherbeenbeaten

orbulliedthanbeignored,，zWilliamssaid,reflectingonwhat

someoftheparticipantsinhisexperimentsfeltaftertheywere

leftoutofagameoftoss."Eventwominutesofinvisibility

ispainful,“hesaid.

Ostracism,theactofignoringorexcluding,isaphenomenon

notonlyfoundintheadultworld,accordingtoWilliams.

Childrenplaysimplegameswhichleavepeersoutwithoutbeing

taughttodoso.Evenanimalsuseformsofostracism,Williams

said.Lions,wolvesandbees,forexample,usethetacticto

keepoutburdensomemembersoftheirgroups,whichoften

resultsindeathfortheexcludedmember.Exclusionamong

humanscanbesimilarlydetrimental,hesaid.

Williamsconductedacomputergameoftoss,andshowedthe

resultsforthosewhodidnotreceive

theball.Theirangry,disappointedandsaddenedfacesshowed

justhowimportantinclusionisinhumaninteraction.In

anotherexperiment,theexcludedparticipantshadnocontrol

overloudnoisesenteringtheirheadphones.Theresultwasthat

theychosetoactoutagainstfellowparticipants.

ThatlackofcontroliswhatWilliamsbelievestriggers

aggression."Whencontrolisrobbed,thenpeopledon'tcare

abouthowtheyarebeinglikedanymore,，zWilliamssaid."They

justwanttoestablishcontrolbybeingrecognized.Peopleare

morelikelytobeviolentinordertogetthatrecognition,

Williamssaid.

Hisresearchhasfoundthatpeoplearegenerallyostracizedat

leastonceaday,likethewaiterwhorefillswaterglasses

withoutnotice,orthepersonwhositsnexttoyouonthebus

withoutaglance.Theseinteractionsmaynotseemlikemuch,

butWilliamsassertsthateventheslightestsituationsin

whichpeoplefeelinvisiblecanhaveanegativeimpactonthem.

Inhisstudies,atotalof70percentofpeoplesaidtheyhad

beengiventhe"silenttreatmentbytheirlovedones.

Thecentralconceptofthepassage“ostracism"mostprobably

refersto.

A.theproblemofdistressingexperiencedbyschoolstudents

B.thephenomenonofsomestudentsbeingexcludedbypeers

C.theviolencehappeningoncampuswitnessedbystudents

D.theissueofsomestudentsunwillingtocommunicatewith

peers

12、

Whichoneofthefollowingistrueaboutostracism?

A.Itisaproblemonlyexperiencedbychildren.

B.Onlyhumanswilleverhavesuchbehaviors.

C.Childrenlearnaboutostracismfromtheirparents.

D.Childrencanlearntouseostracismbythemselves.

13、

Fromparagraph3,weknowthatWilliamsgothisresearchresult

from.

A.literaturereview

B.face-to-faceinterview

C.computergames

D.socialexperiment

14、

According,toWilliams,thevictimsofostracismtendtobe

A.caring

B.careful

C.controlling

D.violent

15、

Whichoneofthefollowingistrueabouttheexperienceof

ostracism?

A.Itisoftenandharmful.

B.Itisrarebutharmful.

C.Itisoftenbutharmless.

D.Itisrareandharmless.

16、“Iwasjustlikeyou-I'thoughtIwasinvincible,says

AdamBlomberg,standingbefore400studentsinadarkened

auditoriumatMiami，sCoralReefSeniorHighSchool.Aphoto

ofabloodiedandunconsciousteenager,abreathingtube

protrudingfromhismouth,flashesonthewall.

“Thatwasme,“hesays.There，sacollectivegaspbeforethe

roomgrowssilentandBlomberg,31,ananesthesiologistwho

trainedatBrighamandWomen'sHospitalinBoston,beginsthe

storyofwhathappenedonenightinFebruary1995.

Hecreatedapresentationillustratingthedangersofbehaving

irresponsiblyinacar,fromnotbucklinguptospeedingto

drivingundertheinfluenceofalcoholanddrugs.Hetracked

downphotosofteencrashvictimsfromthecenter，sarchives,

thenincorporatedstatisticsandhisownexperience.Hespoke

thefirsttimetoalocalBoyScouttroopandwassoongiving

histalk,“ASurvivor'sStory,“athighschoolsaroundthestate.

TheBlombergfamilyhadreasontocelebrate.Adamhadfully

recoveredandwasonhiswaytofulfillinghislifelongdream

ofbecomingadoctor.ButinJanuary2000,Blomberg's

22-year-oldstep-brother,Michael,waskilledinacrashwhile

drivingtohisAtlantahomelateonenight.Hewasn'twearing

aseatbelt.Aftertheaccident,Blombergstoppedtellinghis

storytocrowds,rackedwithguiltoverhisinabilitytoreach

Michael.IfBlomberghadfailedhisownbrother,hereasoned,

howcouldhepossiblymakeadifferencetoaroomfulof

strangers?Requestsfromschoolscontinuedtorollin,buthe

turneddowneveryone.

ThenBlomberggotacallfromahighschoolcounselor.Ashe

startedintohisstandardexcuse-lackoftime—helookedacross

theroomatastackofthank-younotesfromstudentswhohad

heardhimspeak.Herealizedthatkidsneededtohearwhathe

hadtosay.Heagreedtovisittheschoolandbegancontacting

othersonthewaitinglistforhistalks.

Blombergleavestheschoolhopinghehaschangedsomeone's

behavior.Herecallsaletterhereceivedfromastudentwho

heardhimspeakandgotintoacrashlaterthatsamedaybut

wasunharmed."Shetoldmeshewaswearingherseatbeltbecause

ofme.”

Letterslikethisreinforcehisbeliefthathesurvivedthe

accidentforareason."Therearealotofphysiciansinthe

world,andweallsavelives,“hesays."Ihaveaspecial

opportunitytosavelivesnotjustasadoctorbutalsoasa

humanbeing.”

Theword“invincible"mostprobablymeans.

A.capableofdoingeverything

B.incapableofbeingdestroyed

C.totallyunlikelytohappen

D.beyondbelieforunderstanding

17、

WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTapartoftheauthor's

presentation?

A.Photos.

B.Statistics.

C.Videos.

D.Hisownexperience.

18、

Whydidtheauthorstopgivingspeechesforawhile?

A.Thedeathofhisstepbrothermakeshimfeelguilty.

B.Thedevelopmentofseatbeltavoidedmostaccidents.

C.Therearenomorerequestsfromschoolsinvitinghim.

D.Hedidnothaveenoughtimetogivelecturesatthattime.

19、

Whatmakeshimregainhisbeliefinthevalueofhisspeeches?

A.Constantinvitationcallsfromschools.

B.ThedeathofhisstepbrotherBlomberg.

0----￡

,20

C.Thethank-youlettersconfirminghisspeeches(values.

D.Numerousaccidentsheheardof.

20、

Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TeenDrivingRisksAreHighest

B.VehicleSafetyTrendsWillDriveInterior

C.RoadSafetyManagementandEmergencyResponse

D.TeachingTeensSafeDriving

21、PartB(10points)

Thoughhardlyasunwelcomeasdeathortaxes,collegeentrance

examsarejustasinevitableandalmostasdreadedbyhigh

schoolstudents.

AsthetestingdatesloomforjuniorsandseniorsfortheSAT

(formerlycalledtheScholasticAssessmentTest)andthe

AmericanCollegeTest,orACT,moststudentsarelookingfor

anedge,anyedge,inthecompetition.

Andasthenumberofhomeswithcomputerscontinuestorise,

testpublishersandsoftwaredevelopershavebeenquickto

recognizeagrowingniche.Withthemarketfortestpreparation

materialsatalllevelsestimatedat$540millionannually,

theyhavejumpedonthetechbandwagontoproducecomputerized

tutorialsthatpromisetoboostscores.

(41)“Webelievethatit'simportantforastudenttobeprepared

totakethetests,“notesDonPowers,aresearchscientistat

theEducationalTestingServiceinPrinceton,N.J.,the

organizationthatadministerstheSATfortheCollegeBoard.

"It'simportanttoknowhowtotakethetestsothatyouwon't

getascorethat'slowerthanyoudeserve."But,headds,“none

oftherigorousscientificevidencethatwehaveseensupports

thesepromises“toraisetestscores.

(42)Severalpoints,however,doweighinfavorofsoftwareas

opposedtotraditionaltest-preparation.Costisabigone.

(43)Convenienceisanother,astheCollegeBoardpointsout

intoutingitsnewsofware.Afewpointstorememberwhen

evaluatingvarioustest-prepsoftwarepackages:

(44)Theexams,thoughtheymayseemmysticaltothetesttaker,

arenotmagicandcertainlynotrandom.Thereislittle

variationinthestrategiestheprogramsusetoboosttest

scoresbecausethereislittlevariationinhowthetestare

developed.

Largely,whatdifferentiatesoneprogramfromanotheristhe

computerinterface,whichcanmakethesoftwaremore—or

less—user-friendly,andsuchfeaturesasautomatedtracking

ofstudentprogress.

(45)Acrashcoursewithtestprepsoftwareisneveran

alternativetocareful,long-termpreparationfortakingthe

exams.Somestudentsarebetterequippedtorespondtothe

self-paced,self-motivatedapproachsoftwareoffersthan

others,Powersnotes.

Althoughparentsmaybeinthemarketforwhattheyconsider

“serious"studyaids,theirchildren,whoaretheonestaking

thetests,mayappreciatetheprogramsthatofferalittlehumor.

Finally,asprogramsfrequentlypointout,theSATandACT,

whileimportanttocollegeadmissionsofficers,areonlyone

elementofasuccessfulcollegeapplication.

[A]Atestprepcoursewithaliveinstructorcancostasmuch

as$700.Test-prepsoftwarecosts$30to$80.

[B]Mostoftheprograms,infact,emphasizetheimportanceof

“guessingstrategies"andeliminatingunlikelyanswersto

improvescores.

[C]Uniikemanyprograms,thisonecangiveyouaquick,easy

andcomfortablewaytoachieveahighscore.

[D]"Iwouldratherusetheprogramthantakeapreparation

course,becauseIcoulddothisonmyowntimeandinmyown

home,z/notesonestudentintheCollegeBoardmaterials.

[E]Althoughatleastoneofthetestprogramsasksyouhowlong

youhavetopreparetotaketheexaminationinorderto

customizethelearnigncurve,allrecommendspendingaperiod

ofweeks,nothours,usingthesoftware.

[F]Butthoughmanyprogramsoffermoney-backguarantees,

professionaltestwriterstendtoscoffatthoseclaims.

(41)

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

(46)U.S.farmersareplantingmoreacresofcropsusingsoil

buildingandpollutionfightingfamingsystemsthan

traditionalmethodsthatrelyontheploworintensivetillage,

accordingtoareportduetobereleasedearlynextmonth.

Thereport,titled"NationalCropResidueManagementSurvey,“

showsa6millionacregainforenvironmentallyfriendly

farmingsystemsthisyear.

(47)Italsoshowstraditionalfarmingmethods,whichresult

ingreatersoilerosionandrunofffromfields,declinedby

4millionacres.

(48)Thesurvey,conductedonacounty-by-countybasisbyUSDA

NaturalResourcesConservationService,indicatesthatfarmers

inIowa,Illinois,SouthDakota,Kansas,andIndiana

contributedthemostt