【高二 拓展閱讀-科技】Hydropower Energy

HydropowerEnergyHydropowerispowerthatisgeneratedfrommovingwatersuchasrivers.Hydropowerisarenewableenergysource.Thismeansthatusingadamorarivertogenerateelectricitydoesn’tuseupanylimitedresourceslikecoalorgasoline.HowDowegetpowerfromWater？Fallingorflowingwaterfromabigriverhasalotofenergy.Wecanharnessthisbyforcingthewaterthroughapipecalledapenstock（壓力水管）.Asthewaterflowsthroughthepipeitturnsthebladesofaturbinewhichspinsanelectricgenerator.Aslongasthewaterisflowing，thegeneratorwillbeabletoprovideelectricity.ThreeMainWaysforDesigningHydropowerPlants?StorageSystem--Thestoragesystemusesadam.Thedamslowstheflowofariverandstoresupwaterinalake.AportionofthewaterisreleasedintotheriveratthebottomofthedamThefallofthewater，andthewaterpressurefromthelake，forcesthewaterthroughthedamandspinsturbinegenerators.Damsareexpensivetobuild，buttheyalsohelpcontrolflooding，cancreatealargerecreationallake，andcanprovidefreshwaterforsurroundingtowns.?Run-of-the-riverSystem-Inarun-of-the-riversystem,theturbinesarespunbythenaturalflowoftheriver.Thesesystemshavetheadvantageofnotcreatingahugelakeandfloodingtheareaabovethedam.asaresult,theyhavelessoverallimpactontheenvironment.However,inordertoprovidecontinuouselectricity,therivertheyusemuststayfullthroughouttheyear,astheflowisnotregulatedbyadam.?PumpedStorageSystem--Thissystemislikethestoragesystemexceptitusespumpstopumpusedwaterbackupintothereservoir.Thewaythisworksisthatduringthenight,whenelectricityuseismuchless,itusestheextraelectricitytopumpthewaterbackuptothetopofthedamandrefillthereservoir.Thisimprovestheoverallefficiencyofthehydropowerplant.ArethereAnyDrawbackstoHydropower?Likeanypowersourcetherearesomedrawbackstohydropower.Onedrawbackisthelossoflandandthedamagetothelocalecosystemcausedwhenalakeiscreatedbyadam.Thiscanalsocausepeopletohavetorelocateandleavetheirhomes.Anotherdisadvantageismethaneemissionsgeneratedbythereservoirsdamsandturbinescanalsohurtfishanddisrupttheirmigrationtospawninggrounds.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.Hydropowermeans_______.A.generatingelectricitybyburningcoals.B.gettingpowerfrommovingwater.C.fuelingvehicleswithgasoline.D.buildingadamtogenerateelectricity.2.Inahydropowerplant,waterflowsthroughapipecalled_______.A.agenerator.B.aturbine.C.apenstock.D.ablade.3.Whattypeofhydropowerplantdoesnotuseadam?A.Pumpedstoragesystem.B.Run-of-the-riversystem.C.Storagesystem.D.Noneoftheabove.4.Whichofthefollowingisanadvantageinbuildingadam?A.Itcreatesarecreationallake.B.Thereservoircanbeusedasafreshwatersource.C.Itcanhelptocontrolflooding.D.Alloftheabove.5.Whichofthefollowingisadrawbacktobuildinghydropowerdams?A.Lossofland.B.Damagetothelocalecosystem.C.Methanegasemission.D.Alloftheabove.Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞dam n.壩，水壩；堤，堰堤；水聞?dòng)barrierwhichisbuiltacrossariverinordertostorethewater記發(fā)音記憶：“擔(dān)”→水壩擔(dān)負(fù)著阻攔洪水的責(zé)任→壩spin v.[spun-spun]（使）快速旋轉(zhuǎn)；（使）急轉(zhuǎn)身；紡紗；吐絲結(jié)網(wǎng)n.（高速）旋轉(zhuǎn)記聯(lián)想記憶：s+pin（釘）→板上釘釘，不許自轉(zhuǎn)（使）快速旋轉(zhuǎn)例I’dliketospinthewheel.我要轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)這個(gè)輪子。storage n.存儲(chǔ)，儲(chǔ)藏（空間）英theputtingandkeepingofthingsinaspecialplaceforuseinthefuture記聯(lián)想記憶：要適當(dāng)存儲(chǔ)（storage）糧食，以備臨時(shí)的不足（shortage）搭portablestorage便攜式存儲(chǔ)surrounding adj.周圍的，附近的記詞根記憶：surround（包圍，圍繞）+ing（…的）→周圍的搭surroundingcountries周邊國家impact n.影響，作用；撞擊；沖擊記電影《天地大沖撞》就是DeepImpact搭haveanimpacton…對(duì)…有影響regulate vt.調(diào)節(jié)，控制；規(guī)定；管理英tocontrolsthbymeansofrules記詞根記憶：reg（統(tǒng)治）+ul+ate（做）→統(tǒng)治并加以管理→管理例Theriverflowisregulatedbythedam.水流被大壩所調(diào)控。reservoir n.水庫，蓄水池記詞根記憶：re（再，又）+serw（保持）+or（地方）→保存（水舶地方→水庫loss n.損失；遺失；喪失英whenyounolongerhavesthorhavelessofsth記發(fā)音記憶：“勞死”→精力損耗，勞累而死→喪失；損失damage n./vt.損失；損害，傷害記詞根記憶：dam（a）征服）+age（表行為的結(jié)果）→征服就意味著對(duì)另一方的毀壞→損害搭damageto…對(duì)…造成損害、傷害Vocabulary進(jìn)階詞generator n.發(fā)電機(jī)英amachineforproducingelectricityportion n.部分；一份ⅵ.劃分，分配記詞根記憶：port（部分）+ion（表名詞）→部分搭combinetwoportionsofmatter結(jié)合兩部分物質(zhì)overall adj.全部的，綜合的adv.總共記組合詞：over（從頭到尾）+a（所有的）全面的，綜合的搭anoverallimpression總體印象continuous adj.連續(xù)的，不斷的英happeningorexistingforaperiodoftimewithoutinterruption記來自continue（v.持續(xù)）efficiency n.功率；效率；功效，效能英therelationshipbetweentheamountofenergythatgoesintoamachineoranengine，andtheamountthatitproduces記詞根記憶：ef（出）+fic（做）+iency（表名詞）→做出東西又快又好→效率搭overallefficiency總功率learningefficiency學(xué)習(xí)效率ecosystem n.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)記詞根記憶：eco（生態(tài)）+system（系統(tǒng)）→生態(tài)系統(tǒng)搭damagedecosystems受損的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)fire-proneecosystem容易發(fā)生火災(zāi)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)relocate v.重新安置，（便）搬遷，遷移英to（causeapersonorcompanyto）movetoanewplace記詞根記憶：re（重新）+locate（安置）→重新安置emi