北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中考試 英語(yǔ)試題B卷（解析版）

PAGEPAGE1北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（B卷）筆試（共三部分100分）第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iwasluckyenoughtotestintothebesthighschoolinthecity.Butthencamemy___1___:AmIgoodenough?Itwasaquestionthat___2___methroughmyfirstmonth,evenasIbegantosettlein,evenasIgotusedtotheearlymorningwake-upsandmovingbetweenbuildingsforclass.IknewIhadtoworktogroundmyself.Myearlieststrategyinvolvedkeepingquietandtryingto___3___mynewclassmates.Whowerethesekidsanyway?Howdidtheylearninschool?AllIknewwasthattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity,obviously.___4___wasn’tIaswell?Hadn’tIlandedherebecauseIwassmartlikethem?ThetruthisthatIdidn’tknow.This___5___waslikeadeadlycell(細(xì)胞)thatthreatenedtodivideanddivideagain,unlessIcouldfindsomewaytostopit.Fortunately,myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe___6___,andsodidmysecond.Overthecourseofmyfirsttwoyears,Ibegantobuildthesamekindof___7___I’dhadatmypreviousschool.Witheachlittleachievement,mydoubt___8___tookleave.Ilovedanysubjectthatinvolvedwritingandlaboredthroughmath.Ihadclassmateswhowerealwaysasteportwoaheadofme,whoseachievementsseemedeffortless,butItriednottoletthatgettome.IwasbeginningtounderstandthatifIputinextrahoursofstudying,Icouldoften___9___thegap.Iwasn’tastraight-Astudent,butIwasalways___10___andImadeprogress.1.A.excitement B.satisfaction C.anger D.worry2.A.freed B.dogged C.warmed D.guided3.A.observe B.admire C.support D.calm4.A.Or B.So C.But D.For5.A.guess B.doubt C.interest D.risk6.A.excellent B.average C.different D.typical7.A.responsibility B.friendship C.confidence D.teamwork8.A.suddenly B.frequently C.accidentally D.slowly9.A.close B.notice C.control D.create10.A.expecting B.trying C.wondering D.suffering【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C5.B6.A7.C8.D9.A10.B【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者轉(zhuǎn)到城里最好的高中之后的適應(yīng)過(guò)程。從剛開(kāi)始的自我懷疑，取得了小成績(jī)之后，疑慮慢慢消失，找回自信，并堅(jiān)持一直努力，到最后取得成績(jī)和進(jìn)步?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但隨之而來(lái)的是我的擔(dān)憂(yōu)：我足夠好嗎？A.excitement興奮；B.satisfaction滿(mǎn)意；C.anger生氣；D.worry擔(dān)憂(yōu)。根據(jù)后文“AmIgoodenough?(我夠好嗎？)”可知，作者對(duì)自己有所懷疑和“擔(dān)憂(yōu)”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)問(wèn)題在我入學(xué)的第一個(gè)月里一直困擾著我，即使我已經(jīng)開(kāi)始適應(yīng)，即使我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了清晨起床，在教學(xué)樓之間穿梭上課。A.freed釋放；B.dogged(長(zhǎng)期)困擾；C.warmed溫暖；D.guided帶領(lǐng)。根據(jù)后文“evenasIbegantosettlein,evenasIgotusedtotheearlymorningwake-upsandmovingbetweenbuildingsforclass.”可推知，這個(gè)問(wèn)題“困擾著”作者很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我最早的策略是保持安靜，盡力觀察我的新同學(xué)。A.observe觀察；B.admire欽佩；C.support支持；D.calm使平靜下來(lái)。根據(jù)后文“Whowerethesekidsanyway?Howdidtheylearninschool?(這些孩子到底是誰(shuí)?他們?cè)趯W(xué)校是怎么學(xué)習(xí)的?)”可知，作者在“觀察”班里的同學(xué)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：但我不也是嗎？A.Or或者；B.So因此；C.But但是；D.For因?yàn)?。分析語(yǔ)境可知，前文“AllIknewwasthattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity,obviously.(我只知道他們顯然是城里最聰明的孩子)”可知，作者認(rèn)為新的同學(xué)們都很聰明，后文“wasn’tIaswell?(我不也是嗎？)”則是對(duì)自己的懷疑，前后文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這種懷疑就像一個(gè)致命的細(xì)胞，威脅著要分裂再分裂，除非我能找到辦法阻止它。A.guess猜測(cè)；B.doubt懷疑；C.interest使感興趣；D.risk冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。分析句子可知，“This”指代前文“wasn’tIaswell?Hadn’tIlandedherebecauseIwassmartlikethem?(但我不也是嗎？我來(lái)到這里不就是因?yàn)槲液退麄円粯勇斆鲉幔?”，這是作者初到新的學(xué)校和班級(jí)時(shí)對(duì)自己的“懷疑”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，我的第一輪成績(jī)很優(yōu)秀，第二輪也是如此。A.excellent極好的；B.average普通的；C.different不同的；D.typical典型的。根據(jù)“Fortunately(幸運(yùn)地是)”可推知，作者第一輪的成績(jī)應(yīng)該“極好的”。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在最初的兩年里，我開(kāi)始建立起和在上一所學(xué)校時(shí)一樣的信心。A.responsibility責(zé)任；B.friendship友誼；C.confidence信心；D.teamwork團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。根據(jù)前文“Fortunately,myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe,andsodidmysecond.(幸運(yùn)的是，我的第一輪成績(jī)很優(yōu)秀，第二輪也是如此)”可知，作者的成績(jī)保持的很好，這讓作者有了“信心”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著每一項(xiàng)小小的成就，我的疑慮慢慢消失了。A.suddenly突然；B.frequently頻繁地；C.accidentally意外地；D.slowly緩慢地。根據(jù)前文“Witheachlittleachievement(每一個(gè)小小的成就)”可知，隨著每取得一點(diǎn)成績(jī)，作者的自我懷疑就消失了，與“l(fā)ittle”相呼應(yīng)，這里應(yīng)是“slowly”，表達(dá)“慢慢地消失”。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我開(kāi)始明白，如果我多花幾個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)，我經(jīng)常可以縮小這種差距。A.close縮??；B.notice注意；C.control控制；D.create創(chuàng)造。分析語(yǔ)境可知，“thegap(差距)”應(yīng)是指前文“alwaysasteportwoaheadofme”提及的與成績(jī)好的同學(xué)之間的差距，作者認(rèn)為通過(guò)努力，可以“縮小”這種差距。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不是一個(gè)優(yōu)等生，但我一直在努力，而且我取得了進(jìn)步。A.expecting期待；B.trying努力；C.wondering想知道；D.suffering遭受。根據(jù)后文“Imadeprogress(我取得了進(jìn)步)”可知，作者取得了進(jìn)步是因?yàn)楦冻隽恕芭Α薄９蔬xB項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,I____11____(stand)bythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.Ivoicedmybiggestconcerntomymother,“HowwillImakefriends?”She____12____(hand)meadvice,“Beyourself.”Forthepast20years,I____13____(live)bythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervouslyfacing____14____(challenge),IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself.”【答案】11.stood##wasstanding12.handed13.havelived##havebeenliving14.challenges【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是篇記敘文。文章講述了作者二十年來(lái)，一直堅(jiān)持第一天上學(xué)時(shí)媽媽告訴他的“做自己”，并且在今后的日子里，也會(huì)始終堅(jiān)持“做自己”?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在上一年級(jí)的第一天，我站在門(mén)邊，心里七上八下。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade”和句意可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。故填stood/wasstanding?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：她給我的建議是:“做你自己。”分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)“voiced”和句意可知，本句還是在講述“Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade”（上一年級(jí)的第一天）所發(fā)生的事情，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填handed。【13題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過(guò)去的20年里，我一直以這句話(huà)為生。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Forthepast20years”和句意可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過(guò)去20年來(lái)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或一直發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)下去。故填havelived/havebeenliving?！?4題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：緊張面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，我知道我會(huì)對(duì)自己低聲說(shuō)“做你自己”這幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的字。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為名詞，作賓語(yǔ)；challenge表示“挑戰(zhàn)”，為可數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表泛指。故填challenges。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。SavingnatureisattheveryheartofwhatwedoasWorldWildlifeFund(WWF).Weprotectwildlifeformanyreasons.Itisasourceofinspiration.Itboostsasenseofwonder.Itisfundamental(重要的)tothebalanceofnature.Inourwork,WWF___15___(focus)onsavingpopulationsofthemostimportantspeciesinthewild.____16____(final),byprotectingspecies,wesavethisbeautifulandirreplaceableplanet____17____iscalledhome.【答案】15.focuses16.Finally17.that/which【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了拯救自然是我們世界自然基金會(huì)（WWF）工作的核心，解釋了其保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的原因。【15題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在我們的工作中，世界自然基金會(huì)專(zhuān)注于拯救野外最重要物種的種群。陳述事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為WWF，謂語(yǔ)用三單形式。故填focuses。【16題詳解】考查副詞。句意：最后，通過(guò)保護(hù)物種，我們拯救了這個(gè)美麗而不可替代的星球，我們稱(chēng)之為家。修飾后文句子應(yīng)用副詞finally，作狀語(yǔ)，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Finally?！?7題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：最后，通過(guò)保護(hù)物種，我們拯救了這個(gè)美麗而不可替代的星球，我們稱(chēng)之為家。定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞planet，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AftercollegeIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworld,soIjoinedthePeaceCorpsand____18____(become)avolunteerteacherinNamibia.Thiswasmyfirsttimegoingabroadandliving____19____localpeople.Simplygettingusedtothelivingconditionswasabigchallenge.Honestly,myfirstchoicewasn’tAfrica,butIamthankfulthatI____20____(send)there.BeforeNamibia,IneverthoughtIwouldadapttosuchasituation.Stepoutsideofyourcomfortzoneandfacethechallenge.Youwon’tregretit.【答案】18.became19.with20.wassent【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，去納米比亞成為了一名志愿教師，并且很快適應(yīng)了當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境，作者鼓勵(lì)大家勇敢走出自己的舒適區(qū)，面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。【18題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我想改變世界，所以我加入了和平隊(duì)，并在納米比亞當(dāng)了一名志愿教師。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞，與“joined”作并列謂語(yǔ)，句子使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去式形式。故填became?！?9題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這是我第一次出國(guó)，和當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽谝黄鹕?。分析句子可知，空處?yīng)為介詞，后接名詞短語(yǔ)“l(fā)ocalpeople”作賓語(yǔ)；根據(jù)句意，這里是指“和當(dāng)?shù)厝艘黄鹕睢?，即livewithlocalpeople。故填with?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：實(shí)話(huà)說(shuō)，我的第一選擇不是非洲，但我很感激被送到了那里。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)前文“soIjoinedthePeaceCorpsand1(become)avolunteerteacherinNamibia.”中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及句意可知，作者去納米比亞當(dāng)志愿教師是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故空處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)I與send之間應(yīng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示“我被送往”，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是I，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。故填wassent。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASunshineHighSchoolEcoCentralThiswebsiteisallaboutlookingaftertheEarth.Therearefactsaboutdifferentanimals,aswellasinformationaboutforests,desertsandoceans:Youcanuploadyourownvideosontothesiteforeveryonetosee.TeenPressThisisoneofthebestsitesonthewebforteenagerswholovewriting.Youcanshareyourworkwithothers,andtherearemessageboardswhereyoucanchataboutthingsthatareimportanttoyou.ChannelTwentyOnthissiteyoucanwatchadailynewsprogramandsearchforinformationaboutbignewsstories.Therearealsovideosondifferentsubjects,articlesaboutfamousbands,gamesandcompetitions.Inside-the-coverFindingoutaboutyourfavoritewritersiseasyonthissite.Therearelotsofinterestingarticlesandinformationaboutthelatestbooks.Youcanreadblogsbywell-knownwritersandpostquestionstothem.Andyouarelikelytogetrepliesfromthem.Tune-inTherearemillionsofsongsonthiswebsiteforyoutodownloadorlistentoonline.Youcansaveyourfavoritesongsinyourownlist.Ifyou’reinaband,youcanrecordyourmusicanduploadit.Thewebsiteislarge,butthemenusareeasytouse.ScienceZoneThere’slotsofinformationonthissiteaboutmaths,chemistryandbiology.Youcanvisitsomeoftheworld’smostfamousmuseums,orwatchwildlifeviawebcams.Therearealsosomeverycoolgames,suchasSavethePlanet.21.TeenPressisawebsiteforteenagerswho________.A.enjoywriting B.careabouttheEarthC.likewatchingthenews D.areinterestedinmusic22.OnInside-the-cover,youcan________.A.takewritingclasses B.shareyourarticlesC.learnaboutthelatestbooks D.answerthewriters’questions23.Ifyoulikevisitingonlinemuseums,whichwebsiteisbestforyou?A.EcoCentral. B.ScienceZone.C.Tune-in. D.ChannelTwenty.24.Theauthorwritesthepassageto________.A.introducewebsitestoteenagersB.teachteenagerstodesignwebsitesC.encourageteenagerstocreatewebsitesD.comparedifferentwebsitesforteenagers【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.A【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了六個(gè)網(wǎng)站，分別涉及到了動(dòng)物、寫(xiě)作、新聞、新書(shū)、歌曲和博物館方面的信息?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TeenPress部分的Thisisoneofthebestsitesonthewebforteenagerswholovewriting.（對(duì)于喜歡寫(xiě)作的青少年來(lái)說(shuō)，這是最好的網(wǎng)站之一。）可知，TeenPress是一個(gè)為喜歡寫(xiě)作的青少年開(kāi)設(shè)的網(wǎng)站。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Inside-the-cover部分的Therearelotsofinterestingarticlesandinformationaboutthelatestbooks.（有很多關(guān)于最新書(shū)籍的有趣的文章和信息。）可知，在Inside-the-cover，你可以了解最新的書(shū)籍。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ScienceZone部分的Youcanvisitsomeoftheworld’smostfamousmuseums,orwatchwildlifeviawebcams.(你可以參觀一些世界上最著名的博物館，或者通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭觀看野生動(dòng)物)可知，如果你喜歡參觀網(wǎng)上博物館，ScienceZone最適合你。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文以及文章各段落的主要內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹了六個(gè)網(wǎng)站，分別涉及到了動(dòng)物、寫(xiě)作、新聞、新書(shū)、歌曲和博物館方面的信息，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章是為了向青少年介紹網(wǎng)站。故選A。BItwasaweekaftermymomhadpassedawayandIdidn’tknowhowtogoonwithlife.SowhenIreceivedanemailfromafriendaboutaracebenefitingcancerresearch,Iignoredit.Itseemedtoprickmyheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.Butsomethingaboutmyfriend’swords—“Icanhelporganizethewholething”—stuckwithme.Ifeltobliged（有義務(wù)的）toagree.Intheweekstocome,Imanagedtore-entertheworldoftheliving.Icheckedourteam’swebsitedaily,feelingproudeachtimeadonationtickedupourtotal.Iknewmymomwouldhavewanteditthatway.Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.Whentheraceended,Inoticedtherunnersallhadonethingincommon:Therewerebigsmilesontheirfaces.Theymadeitlooksorewardingandeffortless.Iwantedin.SoIenrolledinanotherracetwomonthslater.ConsideringIcouldbarelyrunamile,itwasambitious.ButmyfriendandImadeatrainingplansoIwouldn’tcomeinlast.Ifolloweditreligiouslyanddidn’tletanythinggetinmyway.Runningupanddownthecity’shills,Iwasfloodedwithmemories.Ihadlivedthereaftercollegeandmymotherhadvisitedoften.IpassedBloomingdale’s,recallingthetimesheandIhadgottenintoascreamingargumentthere.IwasabouttobeatmyselfupwhenIrememberedwhatMomhadsaidafterherdiagnosisofcancer.“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”Herpaper-thinhandshadheldmetightly.Aweightliftedfrommyshoulders.Whentheracedayarrived,Igaveitmyallformymomandforallshehadtaughtmeandcontinuedtoteachme.AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.25.Whydidtheauthorignoretheemailinthebeginning?A.Shefeltithardtofinishtherace.B.Shehadnotimetojoinintheevent.C.Shethoughttheresearchmeaningless.D.Shewasremindedofhermother’sdeath.26.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorrecoverfromhermom’sdeath?A.Thecompanyofherfriends. B.Theinspirationfromhermom.C.Thepleasureingoingforarun. D.Thesuccessinorganizinganevent.27.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribetheauthor’smom?A.Considerateandpolite. B.Braveandhumorous.C.Strong-willedandcaring. D.Outgoingandpatient.28.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowIGotHealedinRunning B.TheLossofSweetMemoriesC.WhatMattersMostinRunning D.TheRewardsofGreatFriendship【答案】25.D26.B27.C28.A【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者母親去世之后，作者對(duì)母親的回憶及母親賜予作者的力量，使他能夠從悲傷中走出來(lái)，積極面對(duì)生活?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Itseemedtoprickmyheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.”（這件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌癥奪去了我母親的生命。）可知這個(gè)比賽使作者想起了因癌癥過(guò)世的母親。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.”（她是那種永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被打敗的人。正是這種精神幫助我度過(guò)那段艱難的時(shí)期。）可知，母親永不言敗的精神支撐作者從悲傷中恢復(fù)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第六句“Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.”（她是那種永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被打敗的人。）可知作者的母親意志力堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，并結(jié)合第六段第二句“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”（我不希望你對(duì)任何事情感到內(nèi)疚。）說(shuō)明母親關(guān)心愛(ài)護(hù)作者。所以作者母親是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，又體貼的人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.”（在賽跑的時(shí)候，每當(dāng)我想慢下來(lái)的時(shí)候，就會(huì)看到母親鼓勵(lì)我的畫(huà)面。通過(guò)終點(diǎn)線(xiàn)時(shí)，我內(nèi)心充滿(mǎn)了她的關(guān)愛(ài)和一種平和感。）并結(jié)合上文作者對(duì)母親的回憶，可知母親治愈了作者，正是母親的鼓勵(lì)，他才能完成比賽。故選A項(xiàng)。CWerelyonourmemorynotonlyforsharingstorieswithfriendsorlearningfromourpastexperiences,butwealsouseitforcrucialthingslikecreatingasenseofpersonalidentity.Yetevidenceshowsthatourmemoryisn’tasconsistentaswe’dliketobelieve.Therearecountlessreasonswhytinymistakesmighthappeneachtimewerecallpastevents,rangingfromwhatwebelieveistrueorwishweretrue,towhatsomeoneelsetoldusaboutthepastevent,orwhatwewantthatpersontothink.Andwheneverthesemistakeshappen,theycanhavelong-termeffectsonhowwe’llrecallthatmemoryinthefuture.Takestorytellingforexample.Whenwedescribeourmemoriestootherpeople,wemightaskourselveswhetherit’svitaltogetthefactsstraight,orwhetherweonlywanttomakethelistenerlaugh.Andwemightchangethestory’sdetailsdependingonthelistener’sattitudes.Itisn’tonlythemessagethatchanges,butsometimesit’salsothememoryitself.Thisisknownasthe“audience-tuningeffect”,showingushowourmemoriescanchangeautomaticallyovertime,asaproductofhow,when,andwhyweaccessthem.Infact,sometimessimplytheactofrehearsing(復(fù)述)amemorycanbeexactlywhatmakesitsusceptible(易受影響的)tochange.Thisisknownas“retrieval-enhancedsuggestibility”.Inatypicalstudyofthiseffect,participantswatchedashortfilm,thentookamemorytestafewdayslater.Butduringthedaysbetweenwatchingthefilmandtakingthefinaltest,twootherthingshappened.First,halfoftheparticipantstookapracticememorytest.Second,alloftheparticipantsweregivenadescriptionofthefilmtoread,whichcontainedsomefalsedetails.Participantswhotookapracticememorytestshortlybeforereadingthefalseinformationweremorelikelytoreproducethisfalseinformationinthefinalmemorytest.Whymightthisbe?Onetheoryisthatrehearsingourmemoriesofpasteventscantemporarilymakethosememoriesmalleable.Inotherwords,retrieving(找回)amemorymightbeabitliketakingice-creamoutofthefreezerandleavingitindirectsunlightforawhile.Bythetimeourmemorygoesbackintothefreezer,itmighthavenaturallybecomealittlemisshapen,especiallyifsomeonehasinfluenceditpurposelyinthemeantime.Thesefindingsleadustowonderhowmuchourmosttreasuredmemorieshavechangedsincetheveryfirsttimewerememberedthem.Rememberingisanactofstorytelling,afterall.Andourmemoriesareonlyeverasreliableasthemostrecentstorywetoldourselves.29.Accordingtothe“audience-tuningeffect”,ourmemoriescan________.A.changeourpersonalidentity B.correctmistakesontheirownC.determineourattitudestoothers D.beaffectedbyhowwehandlethem30.Whatcanweinferfromthestudyof“retrieval-enhancedsuggestibility”?A.Practicecanmakeimperfect. B.Storytellingbringsbackmemories.C.Rehearsingcontributestobettermemories. D.Memoryabilitiesvaryfrompersontoperson.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malleable”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Acceptable. B.Valuable. C.Changeable. D.Controllable.【答案】29.D30.A31.C【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究證明反復(fù)的回憶會(huì)使記憶發(fā)生改變。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thisisknownasthe“audience-tuningeffect”,showingushowourmemoriescanchangeautomaticallyovertime,asaproductofhow,when,andwhyweaccessthem.(這就是所謂的“觀眾調(diào)諧效應(yīng)”，它向我們展示了我們的記憶是如何隨著時(shí)間的推移而自動(dòng)變化的，這是我們?nèi)绾?、何時(shí)以及為什么讀取記憶的結(jié)果)”可知，我們處理記憶的方式會(huì)影響我們的記憶。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Infact,sometimessimplytheactofrehearsing(復(fù)述)amemorycanbeexactlywhatmakesitsusceptible(易受影響的)tochange.(事實(shí)上，有時(shí)僅僅是復(fù)述記憶的行為就能使記憶容易改變。)”結(jié)合本段中的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知，復(fù)述記憶次數(shù)多的受試者更容易改變記憶。由此可推知，經(jīng)?；貞洸⒉粫?huì)完美的重現(xiàn)記憶。故選A?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句“Bythetimeourmemorygoesbackintothefreezer,itmighthavenaturallybecomealittlemisshapen,especiallyifsomeonehasinfluenceditpurposelyinthemeantime.(當(dāng)我們的記憶回到冰庫(kù)時(shí)，它可能會(huì)自然而然地變得有點(diǎn)畸形，特別是如果有人同時(shí)有意的影響它)”可知，這里將記憶與取出冰箱的冰激凌作類(lèi)比，冰激凌會(huì)融化變形，記憶也一樣會(huì)發(fā)生改變。由此可推知，劃線(xiàn)詞malleable與changeable同義，表示“可變的”。故選C。DOvermillionsofyearshumanshaverespondedtocertainsituationswithoutthinkingtoohard.Ifourancestorsspottedmovementinthenearbyforest,theywouldrunfirstandquestionlater.Atthesametime,theabilitytoanalyzeandtoplanispartofwhatseparatesusfromotheranimals.Thequestionofwhentotrustyourinstinct(直覺(jué))andwhentothinkslowmattersintheofficeasmuchasinthesavannah(草原).Slowthinkingisthefeatureofawell-managedworkplace.Yetinstinctalsohasitsplace.Somedecisionsaremoreconnectedtoemotionalresponsesandlesstoanalysis.Indemandingcustomer-serviceorpublic-facingsituations,instinctisoftenabetterguidetohowtobehave.Instinctcanalsobeimproved.Plentyofresearchhasshownthatinstinctbecomesmoreunerringwithexperience.Inonewell-knownexperiment,volunteerswereaskedtoassesswhetheraselectionofdesignerhandbagswererealornot.Somewereinstructedtooperateoninstinctandotherstodeliberate(深思熟慮)overtheirdecision.Instinctworkedbetterforthosewhoownedatleastthreedesignerhandbags;indeed,itoutperformedanalysis.Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryourinstincttendstobe.However,therealreasontoembracefastthinkingisthatitis,well,fast.Itisoftentheonlywaytogetthroughtheday.Totakeoneexample,whenyourinboxfloodswithnewemailsatthestartofanewday,thereisabsolutelynowaytoreadthemallcarefully.Instinctiswhathelpsyoudecidewhichonestoanswerandwhichtodeleteorleaveunopened.Fastthinkingcanalsohelptheentireorganization.Thevalueofmanymanagerialdecisionsliesinthesimplefactthattheyhavebeenmadeatall.Yetasdataexplodes,thetemptation(誘惑)toaskforonemorebitofanalysishasbecomemuchhardertoresist.Managersoftensufferfromoverthinking,turningasimpleproblemintoacomplexone.Whentouseinstinctintheworkplacerestsonitsownformofpatternrecognition.Doesthedecisionmakerhaverealexpertiseinthisarea?Isthisafieldinwhichemotionmattersmorethanreasoning?Aboveall,isitworthdelayingthedecision?Slowthinkingisneededtogetthebigcallsright.Butfastthinkingisthewaytostopdeliberationturningtoawasteoftime.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unerring”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Accurate. B.Creative. C.Controllable. D.Obvious.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Managerscanaffordthecostofslowthinking.B.Fastthinkingcanbeaboosttoworkefficiency.C.Slowthinkingwillholdusbackinthelongrun.D.Toomuchdataistoblameforwrongdecisions.34.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toexplainhowinstinctworks.B.Tocompareinstinctandslowthinking.C.Tohighlightthevalueofinstinctintheworkplace.D.Toillustratethedevelopmentofdifferentthinkingpatterns.【答案】32.A33.B34.C【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇議論文。主要論述了直覺(jué)在工作場(chǎng)所的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。【32題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Instinctcanalsobeimproved.”（直覺(jué)能夠被改善。）及最后一句“Themoreexpertyoubecome,thebetteryourinstincttendstobe.”（你變得越熟練，直覺(jué)越準(zhǔn)確。）說(shuō)明隨著熟練度的提高，直覺(jué)也會(huì)越來(lái)越準(zhǔn)確。故“unerring”應(yīng)是“無(wú)偏差的，精確的”意思。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第四句第五句“Instinctiswhathelpsyoudecidewhichonestoanswerandwhichtodeleteorleaveunopened.Fastthinkingcanalsohelptheentireorganization.”（直覺(jué)能夠幫助你決定哪些郵件需要回復(fù)，哪些需要?jiǎng)h除，哪些不用打開(kāi)?？焖偎伎家矊?duì)整個(gè)組織有益。）可知快速思考可以提高工作效率，避免在不重要的事情上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Thequestionofwhentotrustyourinstinct(直覺(jué))andwhentothinkslowmattersintheofficeasmuchasinthesavannah(草原)”.（什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該相信你的直覺(jué)及什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該緩慢思考的問(wèn)題在辦公室和在大草原上一樣重要。）可知，在工作場(chǎng)所，直覺(jué)也是很重要的。結(jié)合最后一段第一句“Whentouseinstinctintheworkplacerestsonitsownformofpatternrecognition.”（什么時(shí)候在工作場(chǎng)所使用直覺(jué)取決于其自身的識(shí)別模式。）可知要具體分析在工作場(chǎng)所使用直覺(jué)的情況。聯(lián)系全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了直覺(jué)在工作場(chǎng)所的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Itwon’tsoundlikeabigsurprisewhenItellyouthatkindnessplaysanimportantroleinaperson’swellbeing.Itcanleadtochangeslikehigherself-esteem(自尊心)andlowerbloodpressure.Evenjustwitnessingactsofkindnesscanmakeushappier.____35____“Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab,thoseperforminganactofkindnessconsistentlyunderestimatedhowpositivetheirreceiverswouldfeel,thinkingtheiractwasoflessvaluethanreceiversperceivedittobe,”statesastudy.____36____Yet,whyistherethisdifferencebetweenwhatwethinksomeonewillfeelfromanactofkindnessversuswhattheydofeel?Whydoweunderestimatetheimpactwehaveonothers?Manyofusdon’thavearealsenseofourvalue.It’sbeenestimatedthatasmanyas85percentofpeoplestrugglewithlowself-esteem.____37____This“voice”tendstoshiftourfocusinwardassessingoureverymove,andhavingbadeffectonourrelationships.Unlikeaconscience(良心),thisinnercriticdoesn’tmotivatepositivebehavior.____38____Itencouragesustoholdbackfeedingusthoughtslike,“Don’tstickyourneckout”:“Noonewantstohearfromyou”;and“You’regoingtomakeafoolofyourself.”O(jiān)newonderfulwaytofightagainstourcriticalinnervoiceisthroughactsofbeingkindtoothers.____39____Wemustalsotrytoseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofthepeopleweaffect.Thedegreetowhichwe’reabletodothatwillhelpdetermineourownhappinessalongwiththehappinesswelightupinothers.A.However,theworkdoesn’tstopthere.B.Peoplemaylowerthevalueoftheirownkindcomments.C.Weallcarryarounda“criticalinnervoice”thattendstoputusdown.D.Insteadofseeingwhatwehavetooffer,wemaythinkofourselvesasaburden.E.Thismisunderstandingsuggeststhatpeopledevaluetheirownactionsinrelationtoothers.F.Instead,itturnsusagainstourselves,makingusunderestimateourbeneficialeffectonothers.G.Yet,peoplemaynottrulyknowtheimpactthateventhesmallestofkindactscanhaveonanotherperson.【答案】35.G36.E37.C38.F39.A【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了善良在一個(gè)人的幸福中起著重要作用時(shí)，這聽(tīng)起來(lái)并不是一個(gè)大驚喜。然而令人驚訝的卻是，人們可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善舉也會(huì)對(duì)另一個(gè)人產(chǎn)生什么影響。這是因?yàn)橐环N“內(nèi)心批判”在促使人們貶低自己對(duì)他人產(chǎn)生的價(jià)值。要摒棄掉自我內(nèi)心批判，同時(shí)看到對(duì)他人的積極影響，能夠做到這一點(diǎn)的程度將有助于決定我們自己的幸福以及我們?cè)谒松砩宵c(diǎn)燃的幸福?！?5題詳解】設(shè)空句為該段主旨句，后文內(nèi)容時(shí)對(duì)其具體的解釋。根據(jù)后文“‘Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab,thoseperforminganactofkindnessconsistentlyunderestimatedhowpositivetheirreceiverswouldfeel,thinkingtheiractwasoflessvaluethanreceiversperceivedittobe,’statesastudy.(一項(xiàng)研究稱(chēng)：“從在公園里送一杯熱巧克力到在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里送一份禮物，那些表現(xiàn)出善意的人總是低估了接受者的積極感受，認(rèn)為他們的行為沒(méi)有接受者想象的那么有價(jià)值?！?”可知，該部分強(qiáng)調(diào)表現(xiàn)善意的人低估了自己的行為對(duì)他人的影響。選項(xiàng)G“Yet,peoplemaynottrulyknowtheimpactthateventhesmallestofkindactscanhaveonanotherperson.(然而，人們可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善舉也會(huì)對(duì)另一個(gè)人產(chǎn)生什么影響。)”在句意上貼合該段主旨，“eventhesmallestofkindacts(甚至是最小的善舉)”對(duì)應(yīng)后文的“Fromgivingawayacupofhotchocolateinaparktogivingawayagiftinthelab(從在公園里送一杯熱巧克力到在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里送一份禮物)”。故選G項(xiàng)。【36題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Yet,whyistherethisdifferencebetweenwhatwethinksomeonewillfeelfromanactofkindnessversuswhattheydofeel?Whydoweunderestimatetheimpactwehaveonothers?(然而，為什么我們認(rèn)為某人會(huì)從善意行為中感受到的與他們的真實(shí)感受之間存在差異？為什么我們低估了我們對(duì)他人的影響？)”提出了一系列的疑問(wèn)并結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)是一個(gè)結(jié)論句，且上文內(nèi)容有關(guān)，應(yīng)包含關(guān)鍵詞“underestimate(低估，看輕)”含義。選項(xiàng)E“Thismisunderstandingsuggeststhatpeopledevaluetheirownactionsinrelationtoothers.(這種誤解表明，人們貶低自己與他人的關(guān)系。)”中主語(yǔ)“Thismisunderstanding”指代上一段內(nèi)容，在句意上是針對(duì)上文得出的結(jié)論，且“devalue”對(duì)應(yīng)“underestimate”，符合詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)原則。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“This‘voice’tendstoshiftourfocusinwardassessingoureverymove,andhavingbadeffectonourrelationships.(這種“聲音”傾向于將我們的注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到評(píng)估我們的一舉一動(dòng)，并對(duì)我們的關(guān)系產(chǎn)生不良影響。)”為第二次提出這種“聲音”，說(shuō)明設(shè)空句應(yīng)是首次提到這種“聲音”，且是一種產(chǎn)生消極影響的聲音。選項(xiàng)C“Weallcarryarounda“criticalinnervoice”thattendstoputusdown.(我們都有一種“批判的內(nèi)心聲音”，這種聲音往往會(huì)讓我們失望。)”提出了名詞“批判的內(nèi)心聲音”，符合分析。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Unlikeaconscience,thisinnercriticdoesn’tmotivatepositivebehavior.(與良心不同，這種內(nèi)心的批評(píng)不會(huì)激發(fā)積極的行為。)”提出了“內(nèi)心批判”是消極的，由此可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)其消極性的具體影響，同時(shí)包含話(huà)題“貶低自己的影響”。選項(xiàng)F“Instead,itturnsusagainstourselves,makingusunderestimateourbeneficialeffectonothers.(相反，它使我們與自己作對(duì)，使我們低估了自己對(duì)他人的有益影響。)”講到了內(nèi)心批判對(duì)自己和對(duì)他人具體消極影響，且“Instead”與前文構(gòu)成反義轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前后銜接緊密。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Onewonderfulwaytofightagainstourcriticalinnervoiceisthroughactsofbeingkindtoothers.(對(duì)抗我們批判的內(nèi)心聲音的一個(gè)好方法是善待他人。)”提到了一個(gè)抵制內(nèi)心批判的方式，后文“Wemustalsotrytoseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofthepeopleweaffect.(我們還必須努力通過(guò)我們所影響的人的眼睛來(lái)看待自己。)”則提到了下一個(gè)步驟，由此可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折句，說(shuō)明不僅僅有第一步，以承接后文。選項(xiàng)A“However,theworkdoesn’tstopthere.(然而，這項(xiàng)工作并不止于此。)”為轉(zhuǎn)折句，“thework”呼應(yīng)前文內(nèi)容，在句意上承接后文。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共12小題,共18分）閱讀下面文段，在設(shè)空處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯或短語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。40.Idoawiderangeofthingsonline.Ishopforvariousthingsonline,suchasbooks,computerhardwareandothernecessities.It’sso__________tobeabletocomparethequalityandpricesfromdi