【師說(shuō)】2019屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題練習(xí)：專題4語(yǔ)法填空(1)(含解析)

強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練15語(yǔ)法填空(一)(45分鐘，100分)

AThePacificOceanThePacificOceanisthe1(large)oftheEarth'soceans,coveringabout46%oftheEarth'swatersurfaceand32%ofitstotalsurfacearea.Itextends2theArcticinthenorthtotheAntarcticainthesouth,3(surround)byAsiaandAustraliainthewestandtheAmericasintheeast.ThePacificOceancontainsabout25,000islands.The4(major)ofthemarefoundsouthoftheequator.5waterneartheequatorislesssaltythanthatfoundinthemid-latitudes(中緯度)for6(abundance)equatorialprecipitation(赤道降水)throughouttheyear.ThesurfacecirculationofPacificwatersis7(general)clockwiseintheNorthernHemisphereandcounter-clockwiseintheSouthernHemisphere.TheexploitationofthePacific'smineralwealthisvarious,8isinfluencedbytheocean'sgreatdepths.InshallowwatersoffthecoastsofAustraliaandNewZealand,naturalgasisproduced,andpearls9(harvest)alongthecoastsofAustralia,JapanandthePhilippines.Onemorethingworth10(mention)isthatthePacific'sgreatestwealthisitsfish.1． 2. 3. 4. 5． 6. 7. 8. 10. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了世界上最大的大洋——太平洋。.解析：考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)句意及空前的“the”可知，此處應(yīng)該使用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。答案：largest.解析：考查介詞。此處指它從北半球的北極延伸到南半球的南極地區(qū)。from與后面的“to”形成對(duì)應(yīng)。答案：from.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，且由空格后的“by”可知，此處指的是太平洋被圍繞，表被動(dòng)，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。答案：surrounded.解析：考查名詞。由空前的“The”和空后的“of”可知，這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞。major本身可以作名詞，表示“專業(yè)”，顯然不符合語(yǔ)境。此處應(yīng)用majority“大部分”。答案：majority.解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)water后面的修飾語(yǔ)“neartheequator”可知，此處應(yīng)用定冠詞The表特指。答案：The.解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，故應(yīng)用其形容詞形式。答案：abundant.解析：考查副詞。此處表示通常，太平洋水域的表面循環(huán)在北半球是順時(shí)針?lè)较虻?，在南半球是逆時(shí)針?lè)较虻摹?yīng)用副詞修飾整個(gè)句子，故用generally。答案：generally.解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Theexploitation,且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故只能用which。答案：which.解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，pearls與harvest之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且本文的基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故此處也需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填areharvested。答案：areharvested.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作worth的賓語(yǔ)，worth后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)應(yīng)用其-ing形式，即用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。worthdoingsth.“值得做某事”。答案：mentioningBEveryoneseems1(have)hisorherownholiday.DadhasFather'sDay.MomhasMother'sDay.ChildrenhaveChildren'sDay.LovershaveValentine'sDay.Butisthereaspecialday2olderpeople?Ofcourse.TheChongyangFestivalistheholiday3Chinesepeopleshowlovefortheirelders.4(celebrate)ontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth,thefestivalisalsoknownastheDoubleNinthFestival.Nineisthe5(high)digit(數(shù)字)，soit6(regard)thatthetwotogethermeanalonglife.Thefestivalcomesduring7goldentimeofautumn.Theclearweatherandthejoyofharvestmakeforahappyatmosphere.Ontheday,people8(traditional)climbamountainandcarrydogwood(茱萸).Peopleinancienttimes9(believe)thattheplantcoulddriveawayevil10(spirit)andpreventpeopleagainstcoldinwinter.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 10. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文，簡(jiǎn)單地介紹了中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——重陽(yáng)節(jié)。.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處指每個(gè)人似乎都有自己的節(jié)日。seem后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。答案：tohave.解析：考查介詞。此處表示老人的節(jié)日，強(qiáng)調(diào)“對(duì)象”，故用介詞for。答案：for.解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。重陽(yáng)節(jié)是中國(guó)人向年長(zhǎng)的人表達(dá)關(guān)愛(ài)的節(jié)日。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是表示時(shí)間的holiday,且空處在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用when。答案：when.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，celebrate與其邏輯主語(yǔ)thefestival之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。答案：Celebrated.解析：考查形容詞最高級(jí)?！?”被認(rèn)為是最大的個(gè)位數(shù)字。根據(jù)空前的“the”可知，此處應(yīng)用high的最高級(jí)形式。答案：highest.解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。人們認(rèn)為兩個(gè)“9”意味著長(zhǎng)壽。根據(jù)上下文可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且it與regard之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案：isregarded.解析：考查冠詞。此處指秋天的黃金時(shí)期，是特指，故用定冠詞the。答案：the.解析：考查副詞。所填詞修飾整個(gè)句子，故要用副詞形式。traditionally“傳統(tǒng)地”。答案：traditionally.解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“inancienttimes”可知此處要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。答案：believed.解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。spirit在這里表示“幽靈，鬼魂”，是可數(shù)名詞，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：spiritsCThereisgoodandbadnewsaboutthenumberoftreesonourplanet.Thegoodnewsis1thereareseventimesmoretreesthanwe2(think).Afewyearsago,scientistsestimatedtheworldhad400billiontrees,butanewstudymakesa3—(calculate)thattherearearoundthreetrilliontrees.That'sathree4.(follow)by12zeroes.ButDrThomasCrowthertoldtheBBCthatthisnewnumberisunable5(change)anything.Whatisthebadnews?Thousandsofyearsago,theearthhadaroundsixtrilliontrees.Humanactivityhascutthenumberoftreesontheplanet6half.Agoodexampleofthisis7factthatEuropeusedtobeoneofthegiantforests.DrCrowthersaidpeopleare8(responsibility)forthelossofthreetrilliontrees.Another15billiontreesarelosteachyearbecauseofdeforestation(毀林)andfarmland.Thescientistssaidthisfigureis“9(extreme)higher”thanacenturyago.DrCrowtheradded,“Thisstudyhighlightshowmuchmoreeffort10—(need)ifwearetorestorehealthyforestsworldwide.”2. 3. 4. 5． 6. 7. 8. 10. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文中介紹了地球上樹(shù)木的現(xiàn)有量。1．解析：考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句成分和句意完整，故用that。答案：that.解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。這里說(shuō)的是“比我們?cè)疽詾榈摹?，故要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。答案：thought.解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“a”可知此處要用名詞形式。答案：calculation.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。follow與three之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。答案：followed.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。be(un)abletodosth.意為“(不)能做某事”，是常用表達(dá)。答案：tochange.解析：考查介詞。inhalf意為“減半”。答案：in.解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)該用定冠詞the特指fact。答案：the.解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指人們應(yīng)該為樹(shù)木的減少負(fù)責(zé)。beresponsiblefor“對(duì) 負(fù)責(zé)”是固定搭配，故填responsible。答案：responsible.解析：考查副詞。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處修飾形容詞higher,應(yīng)用副詞形式。答案：extremely.解析：考查主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。這項(xiàng)研究表明,如果要在世界范圍內(nèi)恢復(fù)健康的森林，那我們需要再做多少努力。主句主語(yǔ)effort與need之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！癶owmuchmoreeffort”的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)，故應(yīng)填isneeded。此處也可理解為表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,故主句可用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。答案：isneeded/willbeneededDWethinkthatlifeinChinesehighschoolisanadventureinwhichwehavetosurvivemountainsofhomeworkandexams.Yetwoulditbe1(surprise)ifItellyouthathighschoollifeintheUSisalmostasstressfulanddemandingasitisinChina?InUShighschool,everything2(record)andgraded,includingyourgradesonquizzes,testsandfinalexaminations.Failing3(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewilldirectlyaffectyourgradeforacertaincourse.Perhapscontraryto4—weusedtothinkoftheUShighschoolstudents,theypaygreatattentiontotheir5(academy)performancetotrytogetintodistinguisheduniversity.—6，they'llbedisappointedaftergraduationfromhighschool.Likeuniversitystudents,theUShighschoolstudentshavethe7(free)tochoosethecoursesthatmostinterest8(they).Evena9th-gradercansit9—thesameclassroomas12th-graders.Butthisalsomeansheorshehastoworkveryhard,becausetheteacherwillnottreathimorherdifferentlyjustbecauseheorsheisafewyears_10(young).1. 2. 3. 4.5. 6. __7. 8.9. 10.___【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)學(xué)生的高中生活。1．解析：考查分詞形容詞。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞，意為“令人吃驚的”，符合語(yǔ)境。答案：surprising.解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。everything和謂語(yǔ)record之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且表示客觀情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即isrecorded,與graded呼應(yīng)。答案：isrecorded.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。failtodosth.意為“不能做某事”，為固定搭配。答案：toturn.解析：考查名詞性從句。空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作賓語(yǔ),表示物的概念,故填what。答案：what.解析：考查形容詞。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞，故用形容詞academic修飾名詞performance,作定語(yǔ)。答案：academic.解析：考查副詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示否則他們高中畢業(yè)后就會(huì)感到失望,故用副詞otherwise,意為“否則”，作狀語(yǔ)。答案：Otherwise.解析：考查名詞。由定冠詞the可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞，即freedom。答案：freedom.解析：考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用賓格形式，作動(dòng)詞interest的賓語(yǔ)，故用them。答案：them.解析：考查介詞。intheclassroom意為“在教室里”，符合語(yǔ)境，故用介詞in。答案：in.解析：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)上文可知,9年級(jí)和12年級(jí)的學(xué)生比較,自然是年輕一些，故用形容詞的比較級(jí)形式，即younger。答案：youngerEStyrofoamisplastic1abadreputation.Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasing(釋放)dangerouspollutantsintotheair.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency2(say)itisthefifthlargestcreatorofdangerouswaste.ScientistsfromtheU.S.andChinahavediscoveredthatmealwormscandigestplastic.Onemealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.Studyco-authorWei-MinWusaysthatin24hours,theplastic3(turn)intocarbondioxide.Arethewormshurtby4(eat)plastic?ThestudyfoundthatwormseatingStyrofoamwereas5(health)aswormseatingbran(糠).Styrofoamisalightweightmaterial,about95percentair,withverygoodinsulationproperties(絕緣性)，accordingtoEarthsource.org.Itisusedinproductsfrom6(cup)thatkeepyourdrinkshotorcoldtopackagingmaterials7protectitemsduringshipping.“Solving8problemofplasticpollutionisimportant.Landfillspaceisbecominglimited，”saysWu,aStanfordUniversityenvironmentalengineeringinstructor.About33milliontonsofplasticarethrownawayintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Plasticplates,cupsandcontainerstake925percentto30percentofspaceinAmerica'slandfills.OneStyrofoamcuptakesmorethan1millionyears10(recycle)inalandfill,accordingtoClevelandStateUniversity.1． 2. 3. 4. 5． 6. 7. 8. 9． 10. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了中美科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)大黃粉蟲(chóng)的幼蟲(chóng)能消化塑料垃圾。.解析：考查介詞。withabadreputation表示“有壞名聲”。答案：with.解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。文章時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，且主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞，故填says。答案：says.解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語(yǔ)theplastic為不可數(shù)名詞，與turn之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填isturnedo答案：isturned.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞by后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填eating。答案：eating.解析：考查形容詞。系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故填healthy。答案：healthy.解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為keep,故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞cups。答案：cups.解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)且指代物，故填that或which。答案：that/which.解析：考查冠詞。因problem后有ofplasticpollution作后置定語(yǔ)，表示特指，故填the。答案：the.解析：考查固定搭配。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“占據(jù)(takeup)”，故填up。答案：up.解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)“sth./sb.takessometimetodosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)填torecycle。答案：torecycleFWhatdefinesahealthycity?Isitaplacewithalotofopenspaces1peoplecanexerciseandenjoythefreshair?Aplacewithlittleornopollution?Aplaceinwhichpeoplecan2(free)socializeandexpresstheirideas?Perhaps,it'sallthatplusmore.Otherconsiderationsaretheavailabilityofhealthandfitnessfacilities,anexcellenthealthcareprogramandsincereeffortsby3localgovernmenttoactivelypromotehealthandwellnessamongitscitizens.Ofallthecitiesintheworld,oneofthetopsix4(healthy)citiesisCopenhagen,Denmark.Copenhagenerslovetowalk.Foottrafficaccounts580%ofalltrafficintheCopenhagencitycenter.Thosewhopreferitcanalsobike.ItisestimatedthatmorethanathirdofallworktripsinCopenhagen6(carry)outonabike.Asfortheclimatehere,thecitydoesnothavetheblessingofpleasantweatherallyearround.7eve