北京2021高考D篇閱讀分析與解析

北京2021高考D篇閱讀分析與解析講義

一篇文章的難或易取決于其所要傳達的事物，現(xiàn)象，主旨或思想的鮮見和顯見。好的文

章始終是深奧難懂且發(fā)人深省，我們需要一遍又一遍地咀嚼和回味，隨作者的筆觸而起伏跌

宕并從不同的角度生發(fā)更高層次的認識。本文便如此。

Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhat

timewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhe

theorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today's

state-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvanced

physicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattirneis,becausetheanswerdependsonthe

questionyou'reasking.

從St.Augustine到AlbertEinstein,作者旨在說明whattimeisdependsonthe

z沒有了慣常的開門見山的打法，大家要緊隨作者的拳路。

questionyoureaskingo

Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute.Whatifzinsteadofconsideringtimeinterms

ofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmental

conditionstosetthetempo（節(jié)奏）ofhumanlife?We/reincreasinglyawareofthe

factthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthat

weneedtomoderate（調節(jié)）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.Whatifour

definitionoftimereflectedthat?

一句Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute,反向得出Timeisn'tanabsolute。也讓讀

者生疑：wherewilltheauthorleadus?極具語言張力的三個whatif連珠炮似的甩出，

既呼應上文whattimeisdependsonthequestionyou'reasking又表達了自己的

definitionoftime。也即,hisdefinitionoftimeisrelatedtoecologyandreflectsthat

weneedtomoderate（調節(jié)）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance。

Recently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedto

circumstancesonourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobal

warming.We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthe

totalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandglobal

environmentalchanges.We/veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthe

waterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.Iftheriversrunfasterinthefuture

onaverage,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,you'llsee

theoppositeeffect.

作者的三個問題只是籠統(tǒng)地表達自己關于時間定義，可謂猶抱琵琶半遮面，而全文的制高點

則在于第三和第四自然段?！癮newapproachtotimekeeping”既承接上文，更讓我們

頓覺峰回路轉。諸位，讓我們迎接這孔雀開屏的盛狀吧。

任何空洞的口號或雞湯終覺膚淺。身體力行，更準確地說標新立異的身體力行則更能發(fā)人深

省。

先有構思，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedto

circumstancesonourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobal

warming。再有身體力彳亍的實踐，We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseum

thatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitiveto

localandglobalenvironmentalchangeso從基于我們星球的由于全球變暖的狀況的特殊

計時方法，再到正在建立于theAnchorageMuseum的反應阿拉斯加幾條主要河流的總流

量的鐘表，作者真可謂別出心裁。

阿拉斯加是全球氣候變化敏感之地，取決于冰川凍結和融化的河中水流的干枯豐盈是這種敏

感反應的外在顯現(xiàn)。

讀至U止匕，各位，我們是不是已經picturesomeimagesaboutthewriter'snewapproach

totimekeepingandhisclock?

依據環(huán)境變化的計時構思和鐘表已明確，接下來便是依據何種原理來操作。

作者娓娓道來。河道流淌的當前速度是設定該鐘表和原子鐘表也即標準時間同步的條件。因

此得出，在將來，如果流速變快，則河道鐘表的計時快于標準時間，反之亦然。

你是否從作者的表述中嗅出此舉的用意？別急，此時的屏只是半展開狀態(tài)。

Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriver

dynamics.It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfrom

theirowntemporalframe（時間框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonour

smartwatchesorphones.AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewill

liveinharmonywiththeplanet.Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationto

atomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteract

itbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.

如此抽象的時間定義必須用濃墨重彩加以詳述。此鐘表既記錄河流短期的不規(guī)律流淌又記錄

河流長期的動力趨勢。這不就是類似的觀測站嗎。用于展示河流自身的時間框架下的一舉一

動。而所有的變化皆可在智能手表和手機上顯示。如同每天的走步數字顯示在手機上，提醒

我們運動燃燒calorie從而帶來健康。此鐘表的用意何嘗不是如此呢。它時刻提醒我們will

liveinharmonywiththeplanet,andconsumelessfuelorsupportgreenerpolicies,

至此，色彩斑斕的大屏已經全部打開。在作者的倡導之下，it'stimeforyouandmetod。

somethingtokeepbalancewithourplanet。

Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagricultural

societiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,for

instance,people"corrected"officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardor

backwardtoreflectthechangeofseason.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironment

wasvitaltotheirsurvival.Likewise,rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe're

developingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness.

打出去的拳頭縮回來再打出去才更有力度。此處的novel算是呼應上文的newoEarly

agriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena中的also指明古人

早有此類實踐。Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival,

古人尚知時間和環(huán)境的關聯(lián)對于生存的重要性，更何況今人呢。作者最終千呼萬喚出自己的

旨意：rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourage

environmentalawarenesso旨在喚起各位的環(huán)境意識。

WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneof

time'smostnoticeablequalities:Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefined

context.Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose.

再長的旅程終有停下來的時候。文章也如此。前呼后應是多數議論文和說明文常用的方式。

馮老師在上一篇文章當中稱之為“合攏”。St.Augustine'sinabilitytodefinetime

得出Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext,時間只在特定的情境下方有

意義。Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose一

句更是作者對自己理念和身體力行所創(chuàng)造的鐘表的肯定。

31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.

B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.

C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.

D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.

32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagra