2022年高考英語真題深度解析與變式19 2022年新高考II卷閱讀理解C篇D篇 原卷版

2022年高考英語真題深度解析與變式訓練

專題192022年新高考H卷閱讀理解C篇+D篇原卷版

2022年英語新高考n卷試題評析（摘要）

2022年高考英語落實立德樹人根本任務，依據高校人才選拔要求和普通高中英語課程標準，堅持“方

向是核心，平穩(wěn)是關鍵”的原則，結合中學英語教學和復習備考實際，深化基礎性，考查關鍵能力，進一

步加強對學生德智體美勞全面發(fā)展的引導，加強教考銜接，服務“雙減”工作，發(fā)揮高考的育人功能和積

極導向作用:

考查學科關鍵能力，服務落實“雙減”政策

1.3關注時代發(fā)展，引導培養(yǎng)核心素養(yǎng)

英語科試卷通過選擇具有時代特征的語篇，倡導學生養(yǎng)成獨立思考的學習習慣，培育樂于探究的科學

精神，構建友好互助的人際關系。

英語科試卷通過選取禁止開車使用手機、悉尼新舊文化沖突、新媒體對家庭教育和生活的影響、英國

征收糖稅的起因及效果等具有探討性和思辨性的材料，引導學生形成獨立思考的習慣，培養(yǎng)主動發(fā)現問題

和解決問題的能力；通過選取高科技無人機在鐵路交通中的應用、鸚鵡識別物體形狀的實驗、人類語言發(fā)

展的研究及與捉迷藏相關的兒童心理發(fā)展實驗等語篇，激發(fā)學生對科學實驗與研究的興趣；通過選取關愛

養(yǎng)老院老人的研究項目、勇救墜樓兒童、修復父子親情關系等語篇，倡導友好互助、彼此關愛的和諧人際

關系。

【原卷28-31題】關鍵詞說明文科技創(chuàng)新交通安全開車發(fā)短信標題概括題

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetried

awiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTraffic

SafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately."

"Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroad

safety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoan

oldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwould

worklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusethe

Textalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhad

justtexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

"Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthe

state's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobe

moreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.*'

28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer.

原文出處：紐約時報

原文網址：/2016/04/28/science/driving-texting-safety-textalyzer.html

文本類型：人與社會

考查目標：說明文，介紹紐約的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術來監(jiān)控司機在開

車的時候是否使用手機。考查學生了解某種社會問題以及可能的解決方案的能力。需要考生把握問題本質

和解決方案的可行性與具體操作的方案等細節(jié)。本文句式豐富，考查學生整體閱讀的能力。

詞塊積累：主題詞

bantexting禁止發(fā)信息

awiderangeofmethods很多的方法

behindthewheel駕駛

socialnetworks社交網絡

distracteddriving不專心駕駛

improveroadsafety提升道路安全

adistinctlymodernbehavior一個明顯的現代行為

reachbacktoanoldapproach利用一個傳統(tǒng)的方法

anewdevice新的設備

checkintheoperatingsystem查操作系統(tǒng)

hands-free免提的

hand-helddevices手執(zhí)便攜設備

1.persuadev.說服

（高考鏈接2020新課標III卷閱讀理解）Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuade

themtokeepsmiling.

【譯文】我知道店員會有多生氣，但我努力說服他們保持微笑。

2.requirev.要求

（高考鏈接2021新高考I卷閱讀理解）Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50page

turns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.

【譯文】有些樂曲可能長達40分鐘，需要多達50次翻頁，其中包括為演奏重復樂章時的回翻。

3.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighway

TrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.n

【解析】本句是并列句。前半句中because引導表語從句。ThechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafety

Administration充當同位語，修飾MarkRosekind。這在一定程度上是因為人們開車更多，但國家公路交

通安全管理局局長馬克?羅斯說，分心（分心）駕駛“不幸只是在增加”。

4.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatis

notallowedunderNewYork*shands-freedrivinglaws.

【解析】句意：這項技術可以確定司機是否剛剛發(fā)短信、發(fā)郵件或做過任何紐約免提駕駛法不允許的其

他事情。Whether引導賓語從句，關系代詞that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞anything。

【長難句分析】

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetrieda

widerangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

分析：本句為and連接的兩個并列句。前一個分句中的by表示“被，由”，后面接施動者；后一分句的

主干為publicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodsttopersuade...behindthewheel為動詞

不定式作目的狀語，其中包含一個when引導的時間狀語從句，theyarebehindthewheel是對開車的形象

說法，使語言更加多樣和生動。

譯文：在過去的七年里，大多數州都禁止司機開車時發(fā)短信，很多公益活動也嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說

服人們在開車時放下手機。

【語塊積累】

banv.禁止，取締

distractv.轉移（注意力），使分心

devicen.裝置，儀器，設備

crash九撞車，碰撞

hands-freeadj.無需手操縱的

hand-heldadj.便攜式的，手提式的

distinctlyadv.非常，很；清楚地，明白地

awiderangeof廣泛的，各種各樣的

referto提到，談及，說起

VU/4呼二同W“二二孫趙U牛

2022年英語新高考II卷真題變式大題庫

28-31-1【基礎】

【2023屆廣西南寧市高三上學期第一次適應性考試】ScientistsintheNetherlandshavetrainedbeesto

identifyCOVID-19throughtheirsenseofsmell,accordingtoapressreleasefromWageningenUniversity.The

researchwasconductedonmorethan150beesinWageningenUniversity'sbio-veterinaryresearchlaboratory.

Thescientiststrainedthebeesbygivingthematreat-asugar-watersolution—everytimetheywereexposed

tothescentofamink（貂）infectedwithCOVID-19.Eachtimethebeeswereexposedtoanon-infectedsample,they

wouldn'tgetareward.Eventually,thebeescouldidentifyaninfectedsamplewithinafewseconds—andwould

thenstickouttheirtongueslikeclockworktocollectthesugarwater.

Beesaren'tthefirstanimalstodetectCOVID-19byscent.Researchershavealsotraineddogstodistinguish

betweenpositiveandnegativeCOVID-19samplesfromhumansaliva（唾液）orsweatwithfairlyhighlevelsof

accuracy.AsmallGermanstudyfoundthatdogscouldidentifypositiveCOVID-19samples94%ofthetime.That's

becausemetabolicchangesfromthecoronavirusmakeaninfectedperson'sbodilyfluidssmellslightlydifferent

fromthoseofanon-infectcdperson.Butresearchersstillaren'tsurewhetheranimalsarethebestbetforsniffingout

COVID-19casesoutsidethelab.

“NooneissayingtheycanreplaceaPCRmachine,buttheycouldbeverypromising,“HolgerVblk,a

neurologist,toldNature.PCRmachinesarewhatlabtechniciansusetoprocessstandardCOVID-19swabtests.At

theveryleast,certainanimalscouldbeusefulforidentifyingCOVID-19inplacesorcountriesinwhichhigh-tech

laboratoryequipmentisscarceorinaccessible.

Wageningenscientistsareworkingonaprototypeofamachinethatcouldautomaticallytrainmultiplebeesat

once.Thenbeescanusetheirskillstotestfbrcoronavirusaerosols（氣溶膠）inthesurroundingenvironment.

28.HowdidtheresearchersteachthebeestoidentifyCOVID-19?

A.Byofferingbeessomerewards.B.ByinfectingbeeswithCOVID-19.

C.Byraisingbeeswithsugarwater.D.Byexposingbeestoinfectedhumans.

29.WhyaredogscapableoffindingoutnegativeCOVID-19samples?

A.Fordogscansniffouthiddenvirusofthesamples.

B.Fordogscantellthedifferentsmellofthesamples.

C.Fordogscanfeelmetabolrechangesofthesamples.

D.Fordogscandistinguishsalivafromsweatofthesamples.

30.Whatisthefollow-uptaskofWageningenscientists?

A.Tobreedmoremultiplebees.B.Todetectcoronavirusaerosols.

C.Tohelpunderdevelopedcountries.D.Todevelopanewtypeofmachine.

31.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ANewWaytoCureCOVID-19Disease

B.Bees:Well-trainedCOVID-19Detectors

C.Bees'ExtremelyAccurateSenseofSmell

D.TheBestMethodofIdentifyingCOVID-19

28-31-2【基礎】

【湖南師范大學附屬中學2022-2023學年高三上學期月考】Haveyoueverhadtheurgetoopenabook

andstickyournosestraightintothepages?Thesmellofoldbookscanrefreshanybooklovers.Wedon'tknowwhy,

butitisjustpleasanttous.

Describingthesmellcanbeachallenge.Andmereadjectiveswilllikelybeoflittleusetofuturegenerationsof

historianstryingtodocument,understandorreproducethescentofslowlydecayingbooks.Now,thattaskmayhave

justgotteneasierthankstotheHistoricBookOdorWheel.

Inoneexperiment,researchersaskedvisitorsatthehistoriclibrarytocharacterizethescentstheysmelled.All

thevisitorsselectedwordslike“woody","smoky”and“earthy“fromthelist,anddescribedthesmell5sintensityand

perceivedpleasantness.Inanotherexperiment,thestudyauthorspresentedvisitorstotheBirminghamMuseum

witheightsmells-oneofwhichwasanunlabeledhistoricbookscentandsevenwerenon-bookish,suchascoffee,

chocolate,fishmarketanddirtyclothes.Theresearchersthenhadthosemuseumgoersdescribethehistoricbook

smell.Thetoptworesponses?Chocolateandcoffee."Youtendtousefamiliarassociationstodescribesmellswhen

theyareunlabeled,MstudyauthorCeciliaBembibresays.

Theteamevenanalyzedthevolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)inthebookandthelibrary.Usingthedata

fromthechemicalanalysisandvisitors5smelldescriptions,theresearcherscreatedtheHistoricBookOdorWheelto

documentthe"historiclibrarysmell".Maincategories,suchas“sweet/spicy”,filltheinnercircleofthewheel;

descriptors,suchas"chocolate/cream",fillthemiddle;andthechemicalcompoundslikelytobethesmellysource,

likefurfural,filltheoutercircle.Theresearcherswantthebookodorwheeltobeatoolthat"untrainednoses”can

usetoidentifysmellsandthecompoundscausingthem,whichcouldaddressconservators'concernsaboutmaterial

compositionandhistoricpaperconservation.Andhopefully,smellsofthepastcanbereproducedinthelab

somedayandmuseumsandhistorianscanuseittoreconstructapastwecannolongersmell.

28.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

AAddictiontoreadingbooks.B.Fascinationforsmellsofbooks.

C.Anoddreadinghabit.D.Adislikeforsmellingbooks.

29.Howdopeopleusuallydescribeunlabeledsmells?

A.Byreferringtofamiliaritems.B.Byusingadjectivestolabelthem.

C.Bylinkingthemwithfoodsmells.D.Byanalyzingchemicalcomponents.

30.Whatisthefunctionofthe"HistoricBookOdorWheel”？

A.Tostorebooksmells.B.Tocharacterizesmells.

C.Tocollecthistorybooks.D.Totestdifferentscents.

31.Whatisthepotentialfutureapplicationofthestudy?

A.Creatingawholenewscent.

B.Sharpeningsensoryperceptions.

C.Restoringsmellsofhistoricdocuments.

D.Extractingcomponentsof“oldbooksmell”.

28-31-3【鞏固】

【北京市海淀區(qū)2022-2023學年高三上學期期中試題】Humanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmells

ofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesare

awaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.

Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles-socalledbecauseoftheirtendencyto

changestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants?reproductiveprocesses,smelly

volatilesattractpollinators（授粉昆蟲）.Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried.Ifaninsectchews

throughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsare

evenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokill

thepests.

Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoften

emittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar（稀釋的花蜜）

thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom—allthebettertoincreasepollination.

Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.

Butthough“Scent"isastoryofplants'cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelongused

fragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthewallsofan

EgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend.So

highlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthat

guardedcinnamon.

Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemoleculewas

producedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfiimreleasedFougereRoyale,thefirst“modem

fantasyperfume,,thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadaysfragrance-makingis

dominatedbyman-madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities.

Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentisaccordinglybig

business.Itissaidthataworld-famousfragranceandflavourmanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithits

productsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.

28.AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.

B.Fragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.

C.Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.

D.Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prized“inParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Developed.B.Rewarded.C.Mixed.D.Valued.

30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.

B.Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.

C.Plantsusefragrancestobothattractandsendawaypollinators.

D.Man-madefragranceshavetobeproducedbycopyingnaturalones.

31.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.PlantsSmell,InsectsPreyB.SmartnessbehindFragrance

C.Fragrance:ToMakeorNottoMakeD.FragranceConnectsHuman&Nature

28-31-4【鞏固】

InWALL-E,asciencefictionmovie,alittlerobotisresponsibleforcleaningaworldcoveredingarbage;a

worldwherethereisnolongerroomforanythingelse,notevenhumans!Thefilmencouragescommonpeople,

worldwideleadersandbusinessmentoask.theobviousquestion:Whatcanbedonetopreventsomethinglikethis

happening?Forsome,microfactoriescouldbecomethemostpromisinganswer.

VeenaSahajwalla,amaterialsscientistandengineerinSydney,Australia,hasdiscoveredasolutiontothe

challengingwasteproblem.Herone-stopapproachcouldgobeyondtheexistingrecyclingprocesses.Herwaste

microfactoriesmainlytargetelectronicwasteandplastic,andareessentiallylittletrashprocessors.Thesecan

transformwasteintonewmaterialswiththehelpofthermal（熱的）technology.

“Usingourgreenmanufacturingtechnologies,thesemicrofactoriescantransformwaste,enablinglocal

businessesandcommunitiestonotonlysolvelocalwasteproblems,buttodevelopacommercialopportunityfrom

thevaluablematerialsthatarecreated/5sheexplains.

Humansgenerate2.01billiontonsofsolidwasteannually.Andasthefastestgrowingwastestream,

approximately53.6milliontonsofe-wasteweregeneratedgloballyby2019.Despitecurrentefforts,only17.4

percentofthisisknowntohavebeencollectedandproperlyrecycled.Meanwhile,worldwidee-wastegenerationis

expectedtocontinuetogrow,reachingalmost80milliontonsby2030.

Althoughthemosteffectivesolutiontothewastechallengeswouldnotgenerateasmuchtrash,Sahajwalla

microfactoriesprovidehopetorallthewastethatalreadyexists.Hersolutionnotonlydecreasestheamountof

waste,butitalsoimprovesitsmanagementandenablesnewmanufacturingopportunitiesaroundthenewmaterials

created.

WALL-Eshowsusthebestandtheworstofwhathumanbeingshavetooffer.Itshowswheretheworldis

headedunlessthehumanspeciesslowsdownandstopsdevelopingatthecurrentpace.Butitalsoprovideshope,

showingthatwealsohaveagreatpowertochangeandimprove.

28.What'stheaimtowritethefirstparagraph?

A.TotelluswhatWALL-Eisabout.B.Toshowthewidefutureofrobots.

C.Tointroducetheuseofmicrofactories.D.TopraiseVeenaSahajwalla^contribution

29.WhatdoweknowaboutVeenaSahajwalla?

A.SheisatopscientistinAustralia.B.Shehasbeendevotedtogarbagefactories.

C.Herwastemicrofactoriesarepractical.D.Hertrashprocessorsarebeingwidelypromoted.

30.Howdoesthefourthparagraphdevelop?

A.Bymakingcontrasts.B.Bylistingrelevantfigures.

C.Bysummarizingtheabove.D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.

31.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsmicrofactories?

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Unclear.D.Indifferent

28-31-5【提升】

【江蘇省海安市2022-2023學年高三上學期質量監(jiān)測】InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountryside,thereare

stillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn'tany

crimetoworryabout.

Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld'sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDan

Farmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthatthe

ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.

SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.

Farmerhasmadeprogrampubliclyavailable,amongmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohunt

downsitesthatareeasytostealin.

ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveproved

himright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.

SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsite,yourbrowser

simplylookedatthecontent.Nowthewebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookata

Webpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythings

toyourcomputer.

Butlet'slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld'sbiggest(almost)

crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn'tmuchto

steal.Orbecausevandalism(蓄意破壞)isn'tmuchfbnunlessyouhaveaspecialdislikeforsomeone.

Whateverthereason,let'senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumber

oneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2mean?

A.ManyInternetsitesarenotwellprotected.

B.Thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus.

C.Theresimplywasn'tanycrimetoworryabout.

D.Hackersdon'tactuallybreakintoanInternetsite.

29.WhatcanSATANbeusedtodo?

A.Topreventhackersbreakingintowebsites.

B.ToinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites.

C.ToimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem.

D.Todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation.

30.What'stheauthor'sattitudetoSATAN?

A.FavorableB.IndifferentC.CautiousD.Doubtful

31.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?

A.TopromoteandselltheSATANprogram.

B.ToadvocatepeoplefleeingfromtheInternet.

C.TomakenetizensawareofthesecurityoftheInternet.

D.ToinformnetizensthattheInternetissafewithSATAN.

28-31-6【提升】

[2023屆四川省成都市高三上期摸底考試】Cigarettesaren'tjustharmfulwhenthey'rebeingsmoked.

Evenwhencigaretteendsgooutandarecold,newresearchhasfoundtheycontinuetogiveoffharmfulchemicalsin

theair.Inthefirst24hoursalone,scientistssayausedcigaretteendwillproduce14percentofthenicotine（尼古

T）thatanactivelyburningcigarettewouldproduce.

Whilemostofthesechemicalsarereleasedwithinadayofbeingputout,ananalysisfortheUnitedStatesFood

andDrugAdministration（FDA）foundthelevelofnicotinefellbyjust50%fivedayslater.

“Iwasabsolutelysurprised,sinceenvironmentalengineerDustinPoppendieckfromtheUnitedStates

NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology（NIST）.“Thenumbersaresignificantandcouldhaveimportant

impactswhencigaretteendsaredealtwithindoorsorincars.Whilemuchattentionhasbeenpaidtothehealth

influenceoffirst-hand,second-handandnowthird-handsmoking,itisnotthecasewhenitcomestotheactual

cigaretteendofthematter.

Tomeasureemissions（排放）fromthisforgottenthing,Poppendieckandhisteamplaced2,100cigarettesthat

wererecentlyputoutinsideaspecialroom.Oncetheendsweresealedaway,theteammeasuredeightchemicals

commonlyproducedbycigarettes,fourofwhichtheFDAhavetheireyeonforbeingharmfulorpotentiallyso.

Aftersettingtheroom'stemperature,theresearcherstestedhowemissionschangedundercertainconditions.

Whentheairtemperatureoftheroomwashigher,forinstance,theynoticedtheendsproducedthesechemicalsat

higherrates.Thisfindingmightdiscouragethosewhowanttoleaveashtrays（煙灰缸）outfordaysatatime,

especiallyintheheat.

28.Whatdotheresearcherssayaboutcigaretteends?

A.Theycontainlittlenicotine.

B.Theyproducenonicotinefivedayslater.

C.Theygiveoffnicotinefordays.

D.Theycreateasmuchnicotineasburningcigarettes.

29.WhatdoPoppendieck^wordssuggest?

A.First-handsmokingdoesmostharm.

B.Thefindingsarewithinhisexpectation.

C.Cigarettesshouldbedealtwithindoors.

D.Healthinfluenceofcigaretteendsisignored.

30.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetonotcleaningashtraysfordays?

A.Unclear.B.Disapproving.C.Unconcerned.D.Puzzled.

31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.UsedCigaretteEndsReleaseHarmfulChemicals

B.CigarettesAreMoreHarmfulWhileBeingSmoked

C.ResearchFoundReasonsForCigaretteEnds'Harm

D.CigaretteEndsProduceMoreChemicalsintheHeat

28-31-7【高考真題】（2021新高考全國H卷）

AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcould

bringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalabor

shortage.

SalahSukkarieh,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,seesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenare

aging.Heisbuildingafour-wheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.Itwillusecamerasandsensors

tomonitortheanimals.Acomputersystemwillanalyzethevideotodeterminewhetheracowissick.Radiotags（標

簽）ontheanimalswillmeasuretemperaturechanges.Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringthe

shape,colorandtexture（質地）ofgrass.Thatway,cattlemenwillknowwhethertheyneedtomovetheircattleto

anotherfieldfornutritionpurposes.

Machineshavelargelytakenoverplanting,wateringandharvestingcropssuchascomandwheat,butthe

monitoringofcattlehasgonethroughfewerchanges.

ForTexascattlemanPeteBonds,it'sincreasinglydifficulttofindworkersinterestedinwatchingcattle.But

Bondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry-andfailedattemptstouse

technology-haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.Bonds,whoboughthis

firstcattlealmost50yearsago,stillhaseachofhiscowboysinspect300or400cattledailyandlookforsignsthatan

animalisgettingsick.

Othercattlemenseemorepromiseinrobots.MichaelKelseyParis,vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen's

Association,saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.Cattletendtobekeptin

remoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisen,makingthemappealingtargets.

28.Whatisaproblemwiththecattle-raisingindustry?

A.Soilpollution.B.Lackofworkers.

C.Agingmachines.D.Lowprofitability.

29.WhatwillSukkarieh'srobotbeabletodo?

A.Monitorthequalityofgrass.B.Curethediseasedcattle.

C.Movecattletoanotherfield.D.Predictweatherchanges.

30.WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?

A.Hewantstohelpthemearnaliving.

B.Hethinksmencandothejobbetter.

C.Heisinexperiencedinusingrobots.

D.Heenjoysthetraditionalwayoflife.

31.Howmayrobotshelpwithcattlewatchinga