聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院809翻譯與寫作歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2007年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院406翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2008年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院804翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2009年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院804翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2010年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院807翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2011年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院806翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2012年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院809翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2013年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院809翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2014年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院809翻譯與寫作考研真題精選及詳解

2015年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院809翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2016年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院809翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2017年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院809翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2018年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院809翻譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

2007年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院406翻

譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

PartⅠTranslation(100points)

SectionA:EnglishtoChinese(50marks,25each)

1.Operaisexpensive.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceof

therichunlesswegiveupsociety’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomake

opera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannot

individuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniesthe

imperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Butevenina

prehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,

butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressand

exploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.In

Europe,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,

literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforthe

possibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarry

themostprofoundmessagethatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.

【參考譯文】

欣賞歌劇是一種奢侈的享受。然而只要我們不放棄社會(huì)的選擇權(quán)，昂貴

的東西就不一定只有富人才能享受。如果愿意，我們完全可以使歌劇或

其他昂貴的文化形式面向那些個(gè)體負(fù)擔(dān)不起的普通大眾。但問題是我們

為什么要這么做？沒有人會(huì)否認(rèn)人類需要吃、住、防衛(wèi)、健康以及接受

教育。但是，即使是在史前時(shí)期的洞穴里，人們伸出手來不僅是為了吃

飯、喝水或打仗，也有可能是要去畫畫。對(duì)文化的向往，以及通過想象

和作品來表達(dá)、探索世界是人類的基本愿望。在歐洲，這種愿望在我們

的音樂、藝術(shù)、文學(xué)杰作以及戲劇作品中得到了體現(xiàn)。這些杰作是試金

石，通過它們可以看出人們的思想和想象力可能達(dá)到的高度，它們所包

含的最為深刻的思想可以廣泛傳播。

2.InParis,allthewinepartiesorbuffetreceptionsheldonvariousoccasions

provideoptimumopportunitiestomakefriendswithallvarietiesofpeople.

Whenencounteringastrangeronsuchanoccasion,anAsianwould

invariablyhandoverhisnamecardtothenewly-metstrangerwithfull

reverence,withbothofhishands,evenbeforehestartstoconversewiththe

stranger.Suchanactseemstohavebecomeanindispensableritual

(formality/etiquette).Bycontrast,anaverageFrenchmanseldomtakesthe

initiativeto(offersto/volunteersto)presenthisnamecard.Instead,hewould

simplywalkawayafteranexchangeofroutinegreetingsorevensome

aimless(random/casual)chat.Onlywhenbothsidesbecomedeeply

engrossed(engaged/involved)intheirconversationandhavetheintentionto

makefurtheracquaintancewitheachotherwouldtheyoffertogivetheir

namecards.ItwouldseemsomehowbizarreifaFrenchpersonoffershis

namecardwithoutsayinganythingtothestrangerinthefirstplace.

【參考譯文】

在巴黎，名目繁多的酒會(huì)、冷餐會(huì)是廣交朋友的好機(jī)會(huì)。在這種場(chǎng)合陌

生人相識(shí)，如果是亞洲人，他們往往在開口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把

自己的名片呈遞給對(duì)方，這好像是不可缺少的禮節(jié)。然而，法國人一般

都不大主動(dòng)遞送名片，雙方見面寒暄幾句或是隨意聊一番也就各自走

開。只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī)，希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí)，才會(huì)主動(dòng)掏出名片。如果

一個(gè)法國人和一個(gè)陌生人第一次見面不講話就遞名片，倒有些奇怪。

SectionB:ChinesetoEnglish(50marks,25each)

1.浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)剛剛興起的時(shí)候，人們爭(zhēng)論的一個(gè)共同話題就是：人究

竟是為了愛情還是為了金錢而結(jié)婚。年輕人一般比較看重愛情，而父母

們則更看重金錢。在那個(gè)時(shí)期的小說中，這一難題得到了巧妙地解決、

讀到小說最后一頁時(shí)，讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)表面上一文不名的女主人公實(shí)際上是大

筆財(cái)產(chǎn)的繼承人。但在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，年輕人要是指望這樣一種結(jié)局，多

半會(huì)失望。

【參考譯文】

Ontheriseoftheromanticmovement,asubjectonwhichpeopleargue

stronglywas:peoplegotmarriedoutofloveorofmoney?Youngpeople

generallyvaluedlovemore,whileparentsattachedmoreimportanceon

money.Inthenovelsoftheperiod,thedilemmawasfelicitouslysolvedby

thediscovery,onthelastpage,thattheapparentlypennilessheroinewas

reallyagreatheiress.Butinreallife,ifyoungpeoplearecountingonsuchan

ending,theywillprobablygetdisappointed.

2.要知道讀書時(shí)必須要“體會(huì)字里行間的意思”，才能學(xué)到更多的東西。

我想勸告你在讀書過程中做同樣重要的一件事。我要?jiǎng)窀婺恪霸谧掷镄?/p>

間評(píng)注”。如果你不這樣做，就不可能最有效地進(jìn)行閱讀。有兩種擁有

書的方式。第一是付錢買下，建立財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)，就像你購買衣服和家具。但

這種購買行為僅僅是擁有的前奏曲。只有當(dāng)你使其成為你的一部分，才

有全部擁有權(quán)，而使它成為自己的一部分的最好方式是閱讀時(shí)進(jìn)行字里

行間的評(píng)注。舉個(gè)例子可以使這一觀點(diǎn)一目了然。你買一塊牛排，把他

從肉鋪的冰柜里轉(zhuǎn)放進(jìn)你自己的冰柜里。從最重要的意義上講，你只有

食用它，使它融入你的血液里。才真正擁有了這塊牛排。我認(rèn)為書也是

這樣，只有吸收進(jìn)你的血液里才會(huì)對(duì)你有好處。

【參考譯文】

Ifyouwanttolearnmore,youneedto“understandthemeaningbetweenthe

lines”.ThusIadviseyoutodoanotherequallyimportantthingduringyour

reading:trytomakeacommentonsomeimportantlines.Ifyoufailtodoso,

youcannotgothroughiteffectively.Therearetwowaystoownbooks.The

firstoneisyoupurchasethisbookandthenhavetheownershipofit,which

resemblesyourbuyingofclothesandfurniture.However,thisactofpurchase

isonlyastartfor“trulyowningit”andonlyifyouremarkonlineswhen

readingcanyoureallyownthebookforithasbecomeapartofyour

knowledge.Let’stakeanexampletoputitclearly:Afteryouhaveboughta

pieceofsteak,youputitfromtheshopfreezertoyours.Inthemost

importantsense,onlyifyoueatanddigestitintoyourbodycanyoutruly

ownthissteak.Soisthecasewithyourreading.Youbenefitfromitonlyyou

canreallydigestthebook.

PartⅡWriting(50points)

Astohowtolearnaboutlife,somepeoplepreferlisteningtoother’sadvice

whilesomepeoplestresstheimportanceofpersonalexperience.Whichway

doyouthinkhasmoreadvantages?Pleasewriteacompositionofabout400

wordsexpressingyouropinions.

Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatement,and

inthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriate

details.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanatural

conclusionwithasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriacy.

Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

WriteyourcompositiononANSWERSHEET.

【參考范文】

TheBestWaytoLearnAboutLife

Asweallknow,therearevariouswaysforpeopletolearnaboutlife.Some

peoplebelievethatthebestwayoflearningaboutlifeisbylisteningtothe

adviceoffamiliesandfriends.Otherpeoplebelievethatthebestwayof

learningaboutlifeisthroughpersonalexperience.Inmyopinion,Ipreferthe

latterviewpoint.

Bothlearningaboutlifethroughpersonalexperienceandwiththeadviceof

otherscanhelpyouintheirownways.Ifyoudon’thavealotofknowledge

aboutsomething,theadviceofpeopleyoutrustcanbeveryvaluable.They

cantellyouabouttheirownexperiences,andanalyzetheadvantagesand

disadvantagesofasituation.Thenyoucanconsideryourowndesiresand

needsanddecidewhatyoushoulddo.Andbeforelongyou’llhavemore

experienceofyourown.Whenyou’rethinkingaboutwhatyouwanttodo

withyourlife,friendsandrelativesareagreatresource.Theycangiveyou

informationaboutthingslikejobs,school,volunteering,andtravelingto

otherpartsoftheworld.Becausethey’vedonealotoflearningintheirlives,

youcanuseittodecidewhatyouwanttodowithyours.Andyouneedn’t

paymuchforwhatyouaresupposedtolearninstudyandwork.

Alltheaboveareadvantagesoflearningaboutlifebylisteningtotheadvice

ofotherpeople.Insomecases,however,there’snorealsubstitutefor

personalexperience.Forexample,Ireallydon’tliketomakepresentationsin

class.IknowI’llmakemistakes,evenifI’mthoroughlypreparedandknow

allaboutmytopic.Nothingbutexperiencecanhelpmedealwiththe

nervousnessIfeel.IknowthatthefeedbackIgetfromtheteacherandfrom

theotherstudentswillhelpmelearnfromthosemistakes.AtleastI’m

confidentthatthenextclasspresentationImakewillbemuchbetterthanthe

formerone.Franklyspeaking,sometimesyouwouldnottakesincereadvice

fromyourfriends,foryouaresoyoungthatyouhavearepronetobe

arrogantaboutthings.Soevenpeoplespeaktoyoumuchabouttheir

opinions,youjustletitgoandtotallyareignorantofit.Onthecontrary,your

personalexperiencewouldbea“preciousteacher”,forifyougowrong,you

wouldpayforit,anditcouldnothavebeenbetterifyoutakerightactions.I

personallythinkanunforgettableexperiencewouldserveasthebestadvice

yougetonyourown.

Intheend,Ithinkthatthebestwaytolearnaboutlifeisbyexperiencingit

firsthand.Nooneelsecanteachyouhowtogetalongwithotherpeople,how

torealisticallyjudgeyourownabilities,orhowtounderstandwhoyouare.

Youcanonlylearnthesethingsbydealingwithsituationseveryday.Don’t

forgettheoldsaying“Experienceisthebestteacher”.

【解析】

文章以“最好的向生活學(xué)習(xí)的方式”為題，分為三部分展開敘述。第一段

點(diǎn)明了主題，清晰表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)：認(rèn)為自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)更能給自己生活啟

示。第二部分首先闡述了聽取他人意見的優(yōu)勢(shì)，繼而認(rèn)為和親自獲取的

經(jīng)驗(yàn)相比，其具有一定的局限性，最后表述自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)無法比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

最后一段重申主題，照應(yīng)開頭：經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的老師。

2008年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院804翻

譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

PartⅠTranslation(100points)

SectionA:EnglishtoChinese(50marks,25each)

1.Halfamilefromhome,atthefartheredgeofthewoods,wheretheland

washighest,agreatpine-treestood,thelastofitsgeneration.Whetheritwas

lestforaboundarymark,orwhatreason,noonecouldsay;the

woodchopperswhohadfelleditsmatesweredeadandgonelongago,anda

wholeforestofsturdytrees,pinesandoaksandmaples,hadgrownagain.

Butthestatelyheadofthisoldpinetoweredabovethemallandmadea

landmarkforseaandshoremilesandmilesaway.Sylviahadalwaysbelieved

thatwhoeverclimbedtothetopofitcouldseetheocean;andthelittlegirl

hadoftenlaidherhandonthegreatroughtrunkandlookedupwistfullyat

thosedarkboughsthatthewindalwaysstirred,nomatterhowhotandstill

theairmightbebelow.

【參考譯文】

離她家半英里以外，在樹林最外緣地勢(shì)最高的地方，矗立著一棵高大的

松樹。這是長(zhǎng)大的那批松樹中的最后孑遺。究竟它是作為界標(biāo)留下的還

是為了別的原因，沒有人說得清楚?？车顾榈哪切┓ツ菊卟皇撬?/p>

了，便是已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)走他鄉(xiāng)。在樹樁地上，又長(zhǎng)出了一片新的樹林，其中有

松樹，也有橡樹和楓樹。但是這棵儀態(tài)萬千的大松樹的樹冠高高的凌駕

在所有的樹峰之上，成了方圓幾百里內(nèi)海上和岸邊的一處路標(biāo)。西爾維

亞一直相信只要爬到它的頂部，就能看見大海。她經(jīng)常把手按在巨大、

粗糙的樹干上，若有所思地仰望高處那些黑黝黝的枝葉。不管樹底下有

多熱，空氣紋絲不動(dòng)，高處的枝葉總是被風(fēng)吹得顫悠顫悠的。

2.Therearefewwordswhichareusedmorelooselythantheword

“civilization.”Whatdoesitmean?Itmeansasocietybasedupontheopinion

ofcivilians.Itmeansthatviolence,theruleofwarriorsanddespoticchiefs,

theconditionsofcampsandwarfare,ofriotandtyranny,giveplaceto

parliamentswherelawsaremade,andindependentcourtsofjusticeinwhich

overlongperiodsthoselawsaremaintained.ThatisCivilization—andinits

soilgrowcontinuallyfreedom,comfortandculture.Whencivilizationreigns

inanycountry,awiderandlessharassedlifeisaffordedtothemassesofthe

people.Thetraditionsofthepastarecherished,andtheinheritance

bequeathedtousbyformerorvaliantmenbecomesarichestatetobe

enjoyedandusedbyall.

【參考譯文】

比“文明”這個(gè)詞還用得更不確切、更加無拘無束的詞簡(jiǎn)直寥寥無幾。文

明是什么意思？它意指一個(gè)建立在平民百姓輿論基礎(chǔ)上的社會(huì)。它意味

著暴力、武士和暴君的統(tǒng)治、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)沖突、暴動(dòng)暴政為立法議會(huì)所取代，

被法律得以長(zhǎng)期維護(hù)的獨(dú)立法庭所代替。這就是文明，在文明的土壤

里，自由、舒適和文化不斷發(fā)展壯大。如果文明在任何一個(gè)國家里占了

支配地位，那么便可給人民群眾提供一種更加寬松的較為平靜的生活，

過去的傳統(tǒng)則受人珍重，英明偉人或勇士們留給我們的遺產(chǎn)則成為咱們

大家共同享用的豐富的財(cái)產(chǎn)。

SectionB:ChinesetoEnglish(50marks,25each)

1.現(xiàn)代英格蘭早期的社會(huì)環(huán)境大多是壓制女性聲音的。父權(quán)文化與父權(quán)

制度將她們塑造成貞潔、順從、虔誠、愛家的化身。17世紀(jì)早期，詹姆

士國王在《自由君主制與國教》法案中確認(rèn)了父權(quán)意識(shí)、政權(quán)集權(quán)主義

及性別等級(jí)制度。而在意識(shí)形態(tài)當(dāng)中，上帝的絕對(duì)權(quán)威或最高父權(quán)則體

現(xiàn)在絕對(duì)的君主政權(quán)及家庭中父親和丈夫的身上。因此，女性的臣服，

一開始是對(duì)于她的父親而言，然后是對(duì)她的丈夫表示順從，體現(xiàn)了英國

人民對(duì)其君主的臣服，以及所有基督教徒對(duì)于上帝的臣服。另外，這一

時(shí)期還充斥著壓制性的或過分反對(duì)女性的說教、小冊(cè)子和戲劇演出，帶

著貶損的口氣一一列舉了女性的生理及心理弱點(diǎn)、她們的邪惡精神、反

叛性、兇悍和天生比男性低下的品性。

注：父權(quán)：patriarchy

《自由君主制與國教》：TheTrewLawofFreeMonarchicandthe

BasilikonDoron

反對(duì)女性：misogyny

【參考譯文】

ThesocialenvironmentofearlymodernEnglandmostlysuppressedwomen’s

voices.Patriarchalcultureanditssystemshapewomenintotheembodiment

ofchastity,obedience,devotionandloveforfamily.Intheearly17th

century,KingJamesaffirmedpatriarchalconsciousness,totalitarianismand

genderhierarchyinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchicandtheBasilikon

Doron.Inideology,God’sabsoluteauthorityorsupremepatriarchyis

embodiedinabsolutemonarchyandfatherandhusbandinthefamily.

Therefore,women’sobedience,firsttoherfather,thentoherhusband,which

reflectstheBritishpeople’sobediencetotheirmonarch,andthatofall

ChristianstoGod.Inaddition,thisperiodwassuffusedbyoppressiveor

excessiveanti-womensermons,pamphletsandtheatricalperformances,with

aderogatorytone,enumeratingthephysicalandpsychologicalweaknessesof

women,theirevilspirit,rebelliousness,characterofbeingfierceand

inherentlyinferiortomen.

2.毫無疑問，成人甚至接受過高等教育的成人，其閱讀速度和閱讀效率

也大不相同。有些人讀得很慢，而有些人則一目十行，然后回過頭來再

讀一遍。閱讀水平差的人尤其缺乏按照讀物類型和閱讀目的來調(diào)整其閱

讀方法的能力。優(yōu)秀的讀者能以很快的速度讀完一部小說或類似的消遣

性讀物。他能夠一頁一頁地瀏覽，不時(shí)地在這兒或那兒挑幾個(gè)單詞，只

求掌握全文大意，而用不著從頭至尾細(xì)讀。在閱讀難度更大的材料時(shí)，

為了吃透全文的意思，他會(huì)放慢閱讀速度。但即使這樣他也會(huì)變換閱讀

速度，把注意力集中在關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵段落上，或許還會(huì)來回多讀幾遍，

而對(duì)其他部分則一帶而過。閱讀效率差的人不管讀什么往往都會(huì)保持同

一速度。

【參考譯文】

Thereisnodoubtthatadults,andevenhighlyeducatedadults,varygreatlyin

thespeedandefficiencyoftheirreading.Someproceedveryslowly

throughoutandothersdashalongtooquicklyandthenhavetoregress.Poor

readersinparticularmaylacktheabilitytovarytheirmannerofreading

accordingtothetypeofreadingmatterandtotheirintensionofreadingit.A

goodreadercanmoveatgreatspeedthroughthetextofanovelorsimilar

lightreadingmatter.Hemaybeabletoskimapage,pickingupawordor

twohereandthereandgainageneralideaofwhatthetextisaboutwithout

reallyreadingit.Inreadingmoredifficultmaterial,withtheintentionof

takinginawholeofit,hewillproceedmoreslowly,buteventhenhewill

varyhispace,concentratingonthekeywordsandpassages,perhapsre-

readingthemseveraltimesandpassmorequicklyovertheremainder.Aless

efficientreadertendstomaintainthesamespeedwhatevermaterialhereads.

PartⅡWriting(50points)

NowadaysmoreandmorewesternfestivalsarecelebratedinChina.Whatis

disturbinglyinterestingisthatsomepeoplearemoreenthusiasticfor

celebratingsuchalienfestivalsasChristmas,ThanksgivingDay,Saint

Valentine’sDaythanforsomeChinesefestivals.Makeyourjudgmentinthis

phenomenonandwriteanentitledcompositionofnolessthan400words.

【參考范文】

OnthePhenomenonofCelebratingtheWesternFestivals

Nowadays,withthedevelopmentofculturalexchangebetweentheeastand

thewest,moreandmoretraditionalfestivalsarecelebratedbyussuchas

Christmas,ThanksgivingDayandSaintValentine’sDay.Whetherwe

Chineseshouldcelebratethewesternfestivalsornothasbeenasubjectof

heateddiscussionandargumentamongpeopleofallranksrecentyears.

Personally,Ithinkperhapswecancelebratethosewesternfestivalsforthey

allbelongtohuman’sculturaltreasure,moresignificantly,however,we

shouldattachmoreattentiontoandadvocateourtraditionalfestivals.

Asweallknow,westernfestivalsaregainingincreasingpopularityinChina,

especiallyamongcollegestudents.Andthereisareason,Iassume,involved

inembracingthisphenomenon.Chinaneedstotakeinvariousforeign

culturessoastoblendintothemodernworld.Andcelebratingalienfestivals

isagoodopportunityforChinesetoknowmoreaboutothercultures.Inthis

eraofglobalization,weareexpectedtotakeanopenattitudetowardsalien

goodthings.Thisnotonlycanbroadenoureyesbutalsocultivateasenseof

globalaffection.However,whatweshouldkeepinmindisthatthereisa

limitineverything.Christmaspossessesstrongreligioussenseandcolors.It

isasensiblemannertoproperlyappreciatethosealienfestivals.

Ontheotherhand,ourtraditionalfestivalshavegreatvalueinthemselves.

Ourtraditionalfestivalsareourculturaltreasures.Nomatterhowattractive

foreignfestivalsaretous,weshouldvigorouslypromoteournational

festivalsandtraditions.Theformationoftraditionalfestivalsisaprocessin

whichanationoracountry’shistoryandculturehaveaccumulatedforalong

time.ThediversityofChinesetraditionalfestivalsisanimportantpartofthe

longhistoryandcultureoftheChinesenation.ThetraditionalChinese

festivalsdevelopedfromtheancientancestors’livesclearlyrecordedtherich

andcolorfulsociallifeoftheChinesenation.Moreimportantly,inevery

traditionalfestival,peoplealsointegratecommonlifeideals,humandesires

andaestheticpursuitsintotheconnotationandvariousritualsofthefestival.

Therefore,thefestivalistheultimateexpressionoflifeidealsandaspirations

oftheChinesenation.Itcanbesaidthatourtradition—thespiritualand

culturaltradition,isinheritedbytheannualfestivalthathasbeenpassed

downfromgenerationtogeneration.Hencethereiseveryreasonforusto

advocatetraditionalfestivals.Notonlyshouldthegovernmenttakemeasures

toreservetraditionalfestivalsbuteverycitizenhastheobligationand

commitmenttocarrythemforward.

Tosumup,thereisnoneedtooverconcernthetrendofcelebratingalien

festivalsamongtheyounginsociety.Onthecontrary,weneedtolaymuch

emphasisontheprotectionandthrivingofourtraditionalcultureforitis

reallywhatwe,Chinesepeople,shoulddo.

【解析】

文章以“論慶祝西方節(jié)日的現(xiàn)象”為題，分為三部分展開敘述。第一段描

述了當(dāng)今年輕人慶祝西方節(jié)日的現(xiàn)象，由此引發(fā)熱議，最終表明自己的

態(tài)度，慶祝西方節(jié)日體現(xiàn)了文化包容的心態(tài)，但是要著重發(fā)揚(yáng)本民族節(jié)

日。第二部分闡述了可以慶祝西方節(jié)日的原因和利處，著重說明了傳統(tǒng)

節(jié)日對(duì)中華民族的意義，由此得出個(gè)體和政府整個(gè)社會(huì)都需要弘揚(yáng)傳統(tǒng)

節(jié)日。最后一段重申主旨，對(duì)于年輕人慶祝西方節(jié)日不必太過憂懷，要

重點(diǎn)繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)本民族文化傳統(tǒng)。

2009年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院804翻

譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

PartⅠTranslation(100points)

SectionA:EnglishtoChinese(50marks,25each)

1.Thereasonforoutlines.Iemphasizethecentralplaceofanoutlinein

writingpapers,preparingseminars,andplanningresearch.Iespecially

believethatforyou,andforme,itismostefficienttowritepapersfrom

outlines.Anoutlineisawrittenplanoftheorganizationofapaper,including

thedataonwhichitrests.Youshould,infact,thinkofanoutlineasa

carefullyorganizedandpresentedsetofdata,withattendantobjectives,

hypothesesandconclusions,ratherthananoutlineoftext.Anoutlineitself

containslittletext.IfyouandIcanagreeonthedetailsoftheoutline(thatis,

onthedataandorganization),thesupportingtextcanbeassembledfairly

easily.Ifwedonotagreeontheoutline,anytextisuseless.Muchofthetime

inwritingapapergoesintothetext;mostofthethoughtgoesintothe

organizationofthedataandintotheanalysis.Itcanberelativelyefficientto

gothroughseveral(evenmany)cyclesofanoutlinebeforebeginningtowrite

text;writingmanyversionsofthefulltextofapaperisslow.

【參考譯文】

為什么要寫提綱？我在這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)提綱在論文寫作，準(zhǔn)備報(bào)告以及研究

計(jì)劃中的重要作用。我尤其相信按照提綱進(jìn)行寫作對(duì)我們大家都是最有

效的方法。提綱是一篇論文的行文計(jì)劃，應(yīng)該包括論文所依靠的數(shù)據(jù)。

事實(shí)上，提綱不僅僅是列出各段的內(nèi)容，而是按照目的，假說，結(jié)論來

精心組織數(shù)據(jù)。提綱本身應(yīng)該文字簡(jiǎn)練。如果大家都同意提綱中的細(xì)節(jié)

部分（數(shù)據(jù)和整理方式），那么正文組織起來就更容易。在我們就提綱

達(dá)成一致以前，寫正文是沒有意義的。寫文章時(shí)，大部分時(shí)間花在寫正

文上；而大部分思考是用在整理和分析數(shù)據(jù)上。在動(dòng)筆前，詳細(xì)討論幾

遍寫作提綱會(huì)提高寫作效率；寫很多遍正文反倒很慢。

2.Insomanyways,cyberspacemirrorstherealworld.Peopleaskfor

information,playgames,andsharehobbytips.Othersbuyandsellproducts.

Stillotherslookforfriendship,orevenlove.Unliketherealworld,however,

yourknowledgeaboutapersonislimitedtowordsonacomputerscreen.

Identityandappearancemeanverylittleincyberspace.Rather,aperson’s

thoughts—oratleastthethoughtstheytype—arewhatreallycount.Soeven

theshyestpersoncanbecomeachat-roomstar.Usually,this“faceless”

communicationdoesn’tcreateproblems.Identitydoesn’treallymatterwhen

you’reinachatroomdiscussingpoliticsorhobbies.Infact,thisemphasison

theideasthemselvesmakestheInternetagreatplaceforexciting

conversation.Whereelsecansomanypeoplecometogethertochat.But

someInternetuserswantmorethanjustsomeonetochatwith.They’re

lookingforseriousloverelationships.Iscyberspaceagoodplacetofind

love?Thatanswerdependsonwhomyouask.Someoftheserelationships

actuallysucceed.Othersfailmiserably.

【參考譯文】

網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界在很多方面都反映了真實(shí)世界。人們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上獲取信息，玩游戲

及分享愛好心得。有人在網(wǎng)上購買、兜售產(chǎn)品。還有人上網(wǎng)找尋友誼，

甚至愛情。然而，不同于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的交往，你只是通過熒屏上的文字去

了解一個(gè)人。網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界中個(gè)體的身份和外貌并沒有太大的意義。相反,

一個(gè)人的想法——至少他們?cè)跓赡簧蟼鬟f出的想法卻是十分重要。所以

即使一位最靦腆的人也可以成為聊天室里的熱門人物。通常，這種“不

見面”的交流不會(huì)產(chǎn)生后顧之憂。當(dāng)你在聊天室討論政治話題或愛好

時(shí)，彼此的身份顯得并不重要。事實(shí)上，只交流想法使網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為一個(gè)精

彩有趣的社交平臺(tái)。還有哪里能讓這么多人聚在一起聊天？但是有些網(wǎng)

民想要的不僅僅是聊天的對(duì)象，他們還想鄭重發(fā)展戀愛關(guān)系。網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界

是尋找愛情的好地方嗎?答案取決于你在向誰發(fā)問。網(wǎng)戀有些真的成功

了，有些則徹底以失敗告終。

SectionB:ChinesetoEnglish(50marks,25each)

1.中國人飲茶，注重一個(gè)“品”字?！逼凡琛辈坏氰b別茶的優(yōu)劣，也帶有

神思遐想和領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶，擇雅靜之

處，自斟自飲，可以消除疲勞、滌煩益思、振奮精神，也可以細(xì)啜慢

飲，達(dá)到美的享受，使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界。品茶的環(huán)境一

般由建筑物、園林、擺設(shè)、茶具等因素組成。飲茶要求安靜、清新、舒

適、干凈。中國園林世界聞名，山水風(fēng)景更是不可勝數(shù)。利用園林或自

然山水間，搭設(shè)茶室，讓人們小憩，意趣盎然。

【參考譯文】

SavoringisakeywordinChineseteaculture.Savoringtheteaisnotonlyfor

discerninggoodteaandbadtea,butalsoenjoysthemeditationandthetea

itself.Spareawhilefromyourbusyscheduleandmakeacupoftea,then

chooseaquietplace,youcansipteaalonetoreleaseyourfatigue,refresh

yourmind,liftyourmoodorreachintotheartisticrealmandappreciatethe

beautyoftea.Constructions,gardens,ornamentsandteasetsarethe

necessitiesfortheatmosphereofdrinkingtea,whichrequiresquietnessand

cleanness.SincetheclassicChinesegardensarefamousintheworldand

beautifullandscapesarenumerous,builtinorasidethese,theteahousesare

ofgreatfunandinterest.

2.在古代，最重要的考試是口試，而非筆試。在古羅馬或古希臘的學(xué)校

里，考試內(nèi)容通常涵蓋朗讀詩歌或作演講，在中世紀(jì)的歐洲大學(xué)里，準(zhǔn)

備攻讀更高學(xué)位的學(xué)生必須要同該領(lǐng)域中的專業(yè)人士討論問題。這樣的

傳統(tǒng)延續(xù)至今，成為考查學(xué)生申請(qǐng)博士學(xué)位的不可分割的過程之一。一

般說來，現(xiàn)代考試的形式是筆試。筆試使用同樣的問題來測(cè)驗(yàn)所有的學(xué)

生，直到19世紀(jì)才為人所知。筆試的形成，可能和19世紀(jì)人口的激增以

及現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展有關(guān)。有一種考試有時(shí)候被叫做客觀性考試。該考試

主要是處理事實(shí)，而非個(gè)人的判斷。為了設(shè)計(jì)客觀性考試，老師需要寫

下一些問題，而這些問題都只有一個(gè)正確答案。在每個(gè)問題后，老師都

要寫下一個(gè)正確答案和另外3個(gè)陳述，而后者往往在某些未對(duì)材料理解

透徹學(xué)生看來似乎是正確答案。

【參考譯文】

Inancienttimes,themostimportanttestwasoraltest,notawrittenone.In

ancientRomeorGreekschools,examcontentusuallycoversreadingpoetry

orgivinglectures.InmedievalEuropeanuniversities,studentspreparingto

pursuehigherdegreesmustdiscussissueswithprofessionalsinthefield.This

traditionhascontinuedtothisdayandhasbecomeoneoftheinseparable

processesforstudentstoapplyforadoctorate.Generallyspeaking,theform

ofmodernexamsisawrittentest.Thewrittentestusesthesamequestionsto

testallstudentsuntilthe19thcentury.Theformationofawrittentestmaybe

relatedtothesurgeinthepopulationandthedevelopmentofmodernindustry

ofthe19thcentury.Thereisanexamsometimescalledanobjectivetest.The

examismainlyaboutdealingwithfacts,notpersonaljudgments.Inorderto

designanobjectivetest,theteacherneedstowritedownsomequestions,and

thesequestionshaveonlyonecorrectanswer.Aftereachquestion,the

teacherhastowriteacorrectanswerandthreeotherstatements,whichoften

seemtobethecorrectanswerforsomestudentswhodonotunderstandthe

material.

PartⅡWriting(50points)

Allofuswouldagreethatinordertobesuccessfulinthepresent-daysociety,

weuniversitygraduateshavetopossesscertainpersonalqualitiesthatcan

enableustorealizeouraim.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportant

personalqualityofauniversitygraduate?Writeacompositionofabout400

wordsonthefollowingtopic:

TheMostImportantPersonalQualityofaUniversityStudent

Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatement,and

inthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriate

details.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanatural

conclusionwithasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriacy.

Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

WriteyourcompositiononANSWERSHEET.

【參考范文】

TheMostImportantPersonalQualityofaUniversityStudent

Inthepresentage,personalqualitiesofcollegestudentsareattracting

people’sattention.Butinthemeantime,whichisthemostimportantpersonal

qualityauniversitystudentshouldpossesshassparkedmuchdebate.Some

peopleassertthatinnovationisthemostsignificantpersonalqualitywhile

manyothersarguethathonestyisthecorequalityacollegestudentshould

possess.Personally,Iaminfavorofthelatterview.Thereasonsarelisted

below.

Firstandforemost,honestyisregardedasthetraditionalvirtueofournation.

Throughthehistory,ithasincorporatedintothebloodofourculture.Iwill

shareyouastorynamedwhyZengShenkilledthepigtosupportmyview.

Oneday,whenZengShen’swifewasgoingtothemarket,theirsoncriedand

wantedtogowithher.“Gobacknow.”Sheliedtohim:WhenIgethome,I

willkillthepiganddoporkdishesforyou.”O(jiān)nherreturn,shefoundZeng

Shenwasabouttokillthepig.Shehastilystoppedhimandsaidthatshedid

notreallymeanit.Shesaidthatjusttokeephimquiet.“Howcanyoulietoa

child?”ZhenShensaidthat“childrenaresoyoungtomakejudgments,so

theyjustimitatetheirparentsandlearnfromthem.That’swhyIamreadyto

killthepignow.”AsIseethisstory,IamtotallyimpressedbyZengShen’s

behavior,becauseparentsarechildren’sbestteacher.Besidesthat,Ithinkthis

iswhyourtraditionalvirtuecanbeinheritedoverlonghistory.As

contemporarycollegestudent,itisourgreathonortopossesshonesty.

Moreover,honestyistheessentialqualitytobesuccessful.Thereisan

Englishproverbsaying“honestyisthebestpolicy.”Itsignifiesthe

importanceofbeinghonest.Sincehonestyissosignificantthatgreatpeople

inhistorysetsusgoodexamplesofbeinghonest.WhenGeorge,thepresident

ofU.S.,wasyoung,hewasnaughtyandadventurous.Hecutdownhis

father’sfavoritetreebyhislittlehatchet.Whenhisangryfatheraskedwho

hasdonethis,littleGeorgeadmittedhedidthis.InsteadofgivingGeorgea

blow,hisfatherembracedhimandsaidgently,“child,thereisnothingmore

importantandvirtuousthanyougivingmeatruth”Andafterreadingthis

story,Ijustwanttoappealeverybodytobehonest.Ifyoubehavehonestlyin

life,youhaveawideaccesstosuccessforhonestyisthegoldenrulein

businessandotherfields.

Tosumup,beingdishonestmakesyoufeeluncomfortableandleavespeople

withbadimpression.Onthecontrary,honestydoesgreatbenefittous.Itcan

beastimuluscarryingusfurtherinlifeandcareer.Then,Icansaythatthe

importantqualityofacollegestudentistopossesshonesty.

【解析】

文章以“大學(xué)生最重要的品質(zhì)”為題，分三部分展開敘述。第一段點(diǎn)明主

題，表明作者觀點(diǎn)，即：誠實(shí)是最重要的品質(zhì)。第二部分詳細(xì)闡述原

因，分別列舉了兩個(gè)例子來論證誠實(shí)的重要性，第三段總結(jié)全文，再次

表態(tài)誠實(shí)是大學(xué)生最重要的品質(zhì)。

2010年聊城大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院807翻

譯與寫作考研真題及詳解

PartⅠTranslation(100points)

SectionI:TranslationthefollowingpassagesintoChinese(25pointseach,50

po