藝術(shù)設(shè)計中英文對照外文翻譯文獻

PAGE1中英文對照外文翻譯(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)原文：officespacedesign一、thelayoutoftheearlyofficespace(一)officespaceconcept"Officespaceisdefinedintheconceptofspace,"asthenamesuggests,"officespace"istoprovideenvironmentcanbeusedfortheneedsofthepeople,anditmustnotonlyreferstotheofficeortheisolatedspace,butwithrespecttothecommercialspace,entertainmentspace,residentialspace,forfrombusinessactivitiesandorgans,enterprisesandinstitutionstohandletheadministrativeaffairsandtheofficeenvironment.(二)thegenerationofofficespaceTheAthensCharterhasdividedhumanbasicsocialactivitiesintofourcategories:living,working,gamesandtransportation..Andofficeisoneofthemostimportantsocialactivitiesofhumanbeings..Infact,therealsenseoftheofficespaceinthewestaftertheindustrialrevolution.Duringthisperiod,thesocietydevelopedrapidly,andthenewmaterial,newtechnologyandnewfunction.Resultinginalargenumberofnew,morefreeandopenindoorenvironment.(三)layoutanalysisofofficespaceAtthattime,thetypicalthreetypesofofficespacelayoutare:1.Cellular(hive):Thisistheindustrialproductionlineofthetypeofwork,thespaceisnarrow,workersarecrowdedintogetherlikeabeebusywork,littleinteraction,autonomylowanddailyworkthesame,workefficiencyisverylowaworkingmode.2independentstudio(CELL):lessinteractive,lackofcommunicationbetweenpeople.3living(DEN):thelivingroomoftheworkingenvironmentwithteamwork,highlyinteractive,butlowautonomy.TeammemberscanshareofficeequipmentBecauseofthedifferencesinthehistoryandcultureofEuropeandAmerica,thereisabigdifferenceintheperformanceoftheofficebuildings..Inthespecialemphasisonmoney,powerandheroisminNorthAmerica,developersareoftenkeentobuildmajesticofficebuilding.Theemphasisonorderandcontrolofenterprisemanagementisalsomakingthestaffastheindividualitselfcannotaffecttheofficeenvironment.InnorthernEurope,theNordicofficebuildinglooksmorehuman,comparedwithNorthAmerica.Thestartingpointofbuildingdesignisnottheexpressionofpowerwill,butitisoftenfromtheactualneedsofitself.Ordinaryemployeesintheworkalsohavetherighttorequestthequalityofofficeenvironmentaccordingtotheirownneedsandpreferences.二、thespacelayoutofmodernofficespace(一)thestatusquoofofficespaceSpaceistheplaceofworklife.Thisnewconceptofofficespace,itshistory,butacentury,andthechangehasfollowedthetimes.TwentiethCenturymanynewinventionscompletelychangedtheworkenvironmentoftheofficebuilding,themechanizationofmassproductionwillbealotoflaborinhalationofthecity.Underthesupportofefficientmanagementtheory,systemmodernizationdesignandhugecomplextechnology,officedevelopmentbecomesthe"hightechboxforpeople"swork.".However,manynewinventionsofthenewcentury,suchasnetwork,e-mailandmobilecommunications,etc.,havethesamecatalyticeffectontheofficespaceintwenty-firstCentury..Thenewinventionsareamodelforthenewcentury,andofficespaceisbeingpresentedinanewway,unliketheonethatwasbeforeus..EarlymoderninChina,theofficeisbelongstothelocalgovernmentofficeworkers,aregenerallyintheformofasmallbay,Tongzilouappeared,aroomisalsothelargest10squaremeters,thedecorationinsideputafewtablesputafewchairs,justsimplecanworkto,andthisbelongtothescopeoftheuseofsomeleaders,ordinarymoreemployeesdonothaveadecentofficeenvironment.Inthemodernofficeenvironment,withtherhythmofthetimesandthetransformationofthelayoutoftheofficespacegeneratedtremendouschanges.Theseearlyofficeswereobviouslylackofcompetitiveness,andgraduallyreplacedbythedevelopmentofthetimesandgraduallyimprovedthenewofficespacelayout..Fromthespace,thelayoutoftheofficealsobegantoemphasizeopenstyle.Inanopenlargeofficespace,notonlyisconducivetotheleadershipofthestaffsupervision,moreconducivetotheexchangebetweenemployees,easeoforganization,managementandcoordination.Withtherapiddevelopmentofsociety,peopleincreasinglyhighdemandforofficespace,officespace,thesignificanceofnotonlyfocusonformalbeauty,butalsorelatestotheefficiencyoftheoffice,thelandscapeandtheintelligentproblems,officespacecurrentlyinthedesignofthenewtrendofdevelopment,newspaceconcept.Atpresent,thepopularofficespacebasedonthelayoutofthelayoutcanbesummarizedintofourcategories:honeycombtype,roomtype,teamtypeandclubtype.Inthedesignofdifferententerprisesinthedesignofofficespaceshouldtakeintoaccountthedistinctionbetweenthecompany'sbusinessandofficeofinformationdevelopment,accordingtotheneedtailor-made.Firstisthehoneycombtype(hive),honeycombtypebelongstothetypicalopenspace,self-disciplineandinteractivenature,whichistheleastroutine,repetitivehighandlowpersonalenthusiasmoftheworkpatterns,suitableforninetofiveor24hourshiftwork.Theofficeusesopenformandthereislessinteractionbetweencolleagues,whichismoretraditionalofficeplanning.Typically,thisformoftypicalworkingspace,includingbanking,financeandadministrativestaff,dataentryandcustomerservicecenter,etc..Thesecondisthegrouptype(DEN),theteamtypebelongstotheteamtypeofworkspace,self-disciplineislowbutinteractivehigh.Officespaceisusuallyopenspaceorindependentgrouprooms,eachwithfixedworkingtableandcomputers,photocopiersandotherofficeequipmentsharing,whichalsocontainsthecommonnegotiationtableorconferencetablespacefordiscussion.Thistypeofworkershasdesignteam,researchanddevelopmentteam,multimediadepartment,insurancebusinesspersonnel,etc..Thethreechambertype(cell),thechamberofsecretsismorepersonalspacetoworkindependently,selfhighdegreeofinteractionandpoor,forpersonal,attentionandlessinteractiveworkandworktimeandplaceisnottherule.Thisofficehasaseparateroom,orinopenspace,thereareahighofficecompartment,whereavarietyofofficefunctions,sothattheindividualworkundisturbed.Thistypeofworkerincludesanaccountant,alawyer,acomputerengineerandacompanymanagement..AfourthClub(Club),clubisbothindividualandteamwork,oftenneedtogroupdiscussionandworkforalongtime,placeisnotrestricted,suitableforself-disciplineandhighlyinteractiveknowledgeworkers.Thistypeofofficerequiresaseparateworkspace,butalsoafrequentinteractionwithcolleagues.Thismakesthespacelayoutistodospatialprivacybutalsotakeintoaccounttheopenspace.Inthisform,personalseatisnotfixed,butpayattentiontoprivacy,personalworkwithoutinterference.Talkregioncanaccommodateminorityormajoritypeopletogethertodiscussandthesetalksdistrictisnotjustlimitedinmeetingroomsandotherfixedregion,whenindividualresearchproblemscanbediscussedinthebaranddiningareaorcomfortablesofa.Officespacedesignofclubhasattractedthemostattention.Partofthereasonisthiskindofofficetopromotefullofcreativearchitecturethuswasborn,butleadingdesignerscreativeerainthetestworkfamilyfitness.Therearenoseparateofficesinthisoffice,andeachofthemisdesignedforthepurposeoftheobject,suchasthecouchbetweenthelivingroom,thecoffeehouse,etc..Inaddition,thisdesigncansavemoney,forthistypeofworkwithadvertising,media,publicrelations,network,managementconsultantsandothercompaniesandallkindsofcreativedepartmentsofthecompany.Forexample,theAndersonConsultingCompanyheadquartersfromFrancetotenthousandsquaremetersofofficetothenewheadquartersofseventhousandsquaremeters,ayearcansave$onemillion.However,thisdesignapproachisthemostcriticizedthestaffmorale,becauseemployeesfeellostinsuchanofficeenvironment.(二)theimpactofchangesinofficespacelayoutSpaceisthelayoutandpattern,whichreferstothephysicalandpsychologicalsegmentationofthespace..Thedesignofofficespaceneedstoconsidermanyfactors,whichinvolvesmanyotherfactors,suchasscience,technology,humanities,art,etc..Theultimategoalofofficespaceinteriordesignistocreateacomfort,convenience,health,safety,highefficiencyworkingenvironmentforthestaff,toagreaterextenttoimprovetheefficiencyofthestaff.Thisgoalismoreimportantinthecurrentcommercialcompetition,itisthebasisforofficespacedesign.Withofficespaceisdifferentfromordinaryresidential,itisbythethreeregionaloffice,conferenceroom,corridortoforminnerspacefunction,fromtheviewofofficeorganizationandnaturallightingandventilationinfavorof,thedepthusuallyto9metersisthebasicsize.Thebiggestfeatureofofficespaceisthepublicity,thisspaceshouldtakecareoftheaestheticneedsandfunctionoftheemployees..Thecurrentofficespacedesignconceptofthemostemphasizedelementsof:Teamspace.Twoispublicspace.Thereareanumberofofficespace,thepublicpartofthesmaller,fromtheelevatoruptothelobby,intotheoffice,thelackofconversionprocess.Agooddesignmusthaveaspacetransition,notonlyaislecorridors,theremustbeanenvironment,thereisaprocessfromthepublicspaceovertotheprivatespace.Ofcourse,somecustomerswillthinkthisisnotverywaste,infact,thisisentirelyanotherconcept.Forexample,theelevatordoorisdesignedtobepartofthelivingroomornegotiationroom,thesameistoachievepublicspaceandprivatespaceaseparate,formingadifferentrhythm.Asapublicspace,notonlyhaveaformalmeetingroomsandotherpublicspace,butalsoinformalpublicspace,suchasacomfortabletea,deliberatelyvacatedcorner.Informalpublicspaceallowsemployeestomeeteachothernaturally,thecasualchatoutideasthatareoftenbeyondtheformalmeeting.Atthesametime,alsomakecommunicationbetweenemployeescanbestrengthened.Atthesametime,theofficespacetogiveemployeestoautonomy.Thefreedomtodresstheirpersonalspace.三、thedevelopmenttrendofofficespaceinthefutureInthefuture,therewillbemoreandmoreoftheofficeenvironmentinthespacelayoutandstrivetoaccountforthehumanfactor,uniquepersonality,andlikeasmallcommunity,theofficeenvironmentasman-madethings,whoseattributesaremoreandmoretoarousepeople'sattention,thediversifieddesignofofficespaceshouldbebecome"humanization"spacecreationisoneofthemajorcharacteristics,inpeople'slifeandworkhaveapositivepsychologicalsaidresponseandaverygoodfeelingisthemaindesigngoalinordertoachieve.MicrosoftchairmanBillGatesoncesaid,"theimaginationofemployeesisMicrosoft'sbiggestassets.Therefore,atMicrosoftheadquartersinanareaof265acres,theseniorstaffhasarelativelyindependentandfullyaccordingtotheofficeoftheirmeaningandstylelayout,whicharetostimulatetheimaginationandcreativityofthestaff,ashapesissuccessfulexampleoflife,influencedbytheworkofdesign.Thecontentofhumannatureofofficespacedesignwillbechangedduetodifferentindustries,anddiversifieddesignmeetsthisrequirement..FamousIntelisallemployees,evenPresidentofthepresenceofanopenforce,office(OpenOffice),lowtranslucentgrilleforpeopletocommunicateanywhereandanytime,interactive,inspired.Thetwoofficespacedesignexampleisforenterprisestobe}fractureemployeesactualdemand,thereisnouniformlaw,importantpurposeisletthebossandemployeeseemstobeequal,soastoproduceasenseoftrust.Theformerletindividualthinkingandconstantlyproducecreativewhichemphasizesteamwork,embodiesmoregroupstohelpthespirit.Shortforpeopleanywheretranslucentgridcommunication,interactionandinspiration.Thetwoofficespacedesignexampleisforenterprisestobe}fractureemployeesactualdemand,thereisnouniformlaw,importantpurposeisletthebossandemployeeseemstobeequal,soastoproduceasenseoftrust.Theformerletindividualthinkingandconstantlyproducecreativewhichemphasizesteamwork,embodiesmoregroupstohelpthespirit.,therewillbemoreandmoreenterpriseswillbeleisurespaceandpublicspaceinfrontoftheofficearea,suchadesign,letvisitorsnotastomarchintotheofficearea,affecttheemployee'sworkclearthread,alsoletvisitorssetfootinthedoor,theoncomingisteaflavorandthickcoffeeflavor,inlightmusicaccompaniedwiththereceptionconversation,inarelaxedandtrustingatmospheretowinbusinessopportunities,asuccess.Pastofficeuniform,inthelayoutofthehomefurnishingsinthehomefurnishings,thesameasboring.Inthelayoutoftheofficespaceaftertheminiaturization,family,peoplehavemoreperformanceself,personalityspaceandfreedom.Differentlevelsofofficegroups,intheirownculturalawareness,aesthetic,thedifferenttastes,theneedalsoreflectsalotofdifferences.Therefore,thedesignoftheextensionshouldcontinuetodecrease.Then,themarket"diversityorientation"determinesthedesignof"diversification".AfterthedesignwillnothavesomestripsofKuangKuangandbound,exaggeratedformandvariationtechniqueisoneofthenotablefeaturesofandformsfromtheinnocentandfunnytobizarre,fromfantasytovirtualcanbecomeareality.Andfutureofofficeandhomefurnituredoesnothavestrictclassificationandobviousdifference,inthemodernhome,theyfound.-kindofflowingspaceformandthespaceofflowsaroundthethreebasicfunctionsofliving,livingroom,office,itsfurnishingsmostwasmergedwiththetwoofficeandlivingenvironment,thedeskisamultifunctionalcomputerdesk,chaircanlift,canbesuitablefortheoffice,watchingtelevisionandavarietyofenvironments.Surrealatmosphereofdiversifieddesignoftenneedtobreakthroughthetraditionalspaceapproach,usingthesurfaceorinterfacewithliquidityandstrongexaggeratedcolor,verydramaticlightsandlighting,personalizedactivitieswithinthelimitedspacewithvarioustechnologicalmeanstobreakthroughtherealityspace,beyondthetraditionalconceptofthree-dimensionalspace,makepeopleawayfromthehustleandbustleoftheworld,seekingaspiritualhome,ultimatelyachievethecreationofsequentialcutinto.Ininthepast,peoplestronglyemphasizedworkingandlivingdifferentconnotationofthetwokindsofspace,andthetwohaveobviousdifferenceofspatialform,furnitureandfurnishings,interfacetreatmenttoemphasizethisdistinction,andinthenewideasinthefuturethisdistinctionwillgraduallyfaded,insteadwillbemorecomfortableandpleasant,withtemporaryandappropriatepersonalizedfuturehumanizedofficespace.Theultimatepower,publicspaceinfrontofpeopleisthecreation,thepursuitoftimeandspaceefficiency,andwiththevarietyoffunctions.Inthepastintherapiddevelopmentandeconomiclevelisrelativelylow,manypeoplestillcannotcompletelygetridofthetraditionalofficemodel,thisundoubtedlygivedesignersmorechallengingandimaginativespace.Intheparktheproblem,usuallyrangingfromlowtohigh,madeofman-madeboardortheglasspush-pulltypemovablepartition,separatedbyaflexible,transparentandtranslucentwhite,thusmakingofficespaceandlivingspaceformarelationshipcanbedividedandcombined,whenyouneedquietcontemplationorworkwithoutinterference,youcanchooseclosedstyleofficespace,nottoaffectthefamily'snormallifeinleisure,officespaceandlivingspaceofmeltingbody,butalsomakethehomebecomeuplift,birthdayparty,gettogethersandsomeotherentertainmentplaces,thehousehasbecomeamulti-functionalcastle.Thevariableflowspaceformforcommunicationbetweenpeople,enhancebetweenpeoplerelationshipspeopleplaceoneselfamongthem,willbedeeplyofficefreeandfun,lifeconvenienceandease.Thehotelofthefutureofficespace,familyisthetrendofthetimes.Tosumup,therapiddevelopmentofinformationsociety,theofficespaceisfacingaprofoundchange."Work"ismoreabstractfromconcept,"workplace"willbegiventheconnotationofrenewal,whichwilldirectlyorindirectlyaffectthedevelopmentofofficespace.Peopleadaymostofthetimeisintheoffice,soforalongtimesothatpeoplehavehigherrequirementandunderstandingofofficespace,andinthedevelopmentofthefutureofficespacetocreatemorerichhumanizedofficespace.四、結(jié)語Inimoderncities,officeworkersspendabout1/3ofthetimeinoffice,officespacehasbecomeanimportantpartofhumanactivityspace.Especiallyinthefast-pacedmodernsociety,highefficiency,influencequalityofofficespaceforitsusers'emotionsandpsychologicalmoresignificantly,orevendirectlyaffectstheworkefficiencyandthequalityoftheuser,italsoreflectsthemodernworkersandthencreasinglyhighdemandforofficespace,sohowtomaketheofficespaceenvironmentthelayoutismoreinlinewiththepsychologicalneedsofmodernpeoplehasbecomeacommonconcernoftheownersanddesigners,payattentiontothefunctionofthetraditionallayoutmethodinarchitecturaldesignhasbeenunabletomeettheneedsofthedevelopmentofmodernsociety,modernofficeenvironmentdesignshouldpaymoreattentiontothespaceenvironmentlayoutofthephysical,psychologicalandemotionalneeds,agoodspaceenvironmentdesigncanalleviatethetensemood,relievefatigue,meetpeople'sprivatepsychologicalandenhancetheirsenseofbelongingtothecompanyandtotheheart.Sothatemployeescanhavemoreautonomywhenthecompanyoffice.Alsomakesthelayoutoftheofficespaceinthefuturedevelopmentofmoreinclinedtohumanizationandpersonalization.譯文辦公空間設(shè)計辦公空間的設(shè)計要素一、早期的辦公空間的布局（一）辦公空間的概念在空間的概念上定義“辦公空間，”顧名思義，“辦公空間”是為人們工作需要提供可使用的環(huán)境，而它決不僅指辦公室之類的孤立的空間，而是相對于商業(yè)空間、娛樂空間、住宅空間等，供從事業(yè)務(wù)活動和機關(guān)、企事業(yè)等辦理行政事物和的辦公環(huán)境系統(tǒng)。（二）辦公空間的產(chǎn)生<<雅典憲章>>中曾經(jīng)將人類的基本社會活動分為居住、工作、游戲、交通四大類。而辦公是人類最重要的社會活動之一。其實真正意義上的辦公空間是在西方工業(yè)革命以后才出現(xiàn)的。這段時期中社會飛速發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)新材料、新技術(shù)、新功能。從而產(chǎn)生了大量新的、更為自由和開敞的室內(nèi)環(huán)境。（三）辦公空間的布局分析在當(dāng)時比較典型的三種辦公空間布局類型分別是：1.蜂窩（HIVE）型：這是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)線上的工作類型，空間狹小，工人們都擠在一起象工蜂一樣忙碌的工作，互動很少，自主性低而且每日的工作相同，工作的效率成果非常的低的一種工作模式。2.獨立工作室（CELL）型：互動性少，缺乏人與人之間的交流。3.起居（DEN）型：起居室性的工作環(huán)境采用團隊工作、高度互動，但低自主性。團隊工作的成員可以共享辦公設(shè)備由于歐美的歷史和文化上的差異，在辦公大樓的表現(xiàn)上存在著很大的不同。在格外強調(diào)金錢、權(quán)力和英雄主義的北美，開發(fā)商往往熱衷于建造雄偉壯觀的辦公大樓。而強調(diào)秩序和控制的企業(yè)管理方式也使得員工作為個人本身無法影響辦公環(huán)境。在北歐則不同，相對于北美，北歐的辦公大樓看起來更為人性化。大樓設(shè)計的切入點并不是權(quán)力意志的表達(dá)，而往往是從本身實際的需求出發(fā)。在里面工作的普通員工也有權(quán)利根據(jù)自身的需求和喜好來要求辦公環(huán)境的品質(zhì)。二、現(xiàn)代的辦公空間的空間布局（一）辦公空間的現(xiàn)狀空間是工作生活的場所。辦公空間這一新概念，其歷史不過百年，而變化卻緊隨時代。20世紀(jì)眾多的新發(fā)明徹底改變了專用辦公建筑中的工作環(huán)境，機器化大生產(chǎn)將大量勞動力吸入城市。在高效的管理理論、系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)代化設(shè)計和龐大復(fù)雜的技術(shù)支持下，辦公室發(fā)展成為方便人們工作的“高科技方盒子”。然而新世紀(jì)的眾多新發(fā)明，如網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電子郵件和移動通訊等對21世紀(jì)的辦公空間有著同樣的催化作用。這些新發(fā)明在辦公室的運用中成為新世紀(jì)的典范，辦公空間正以一種新的不同于以往的方式在我們眼前呈現(xiàn)出來?，F(xiàn)代早期在中國，辦公室是屬于政府人員辦公的地方，一般都以小開間、筒子樓的形式出現(xiàn)，一個房間最大也就10平方米左右，里面的擺設(shè)主要放幾張桌子幾把椅子，只是單純的能工作而以，并且這屬于一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)等使用，普通的員工就更沒有象樣的辦公環(huán)境。就在現(xiàn)代的辦公環(huán)境下，隨著時代的節(jié)拍而產(chǎn)生變革辦公空間的布局產(chǎn)生了巨大的變化。而這些早期的辦公室明顯缺乏競爭力，隨著時代的發(fā)展逐漸被日漸完善的新型辦公空間布局所取代。隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展，為了會見客戶和進行管理的需要，辦公空間開始從生產(chǎn)空間里分離出來，并逐漸搬近市中心，開始形成自己專門的商務(wù)區(qū)，現(xiàn)代的寫字樓模式開始形成。而從空間上，辦公室的布局也開始強調(diào)敞開式。在一個敞開式的大辦公空間里，不但有利于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對員工工作進行監(jiān)督，更有利于員工之間的互相交流，便于組織、管理和協(xié)調(diào)。隨著社會的飛速發(fā)展，人們對辦公空間的要求越來越高，辦公空間的意義不僅僅著眼于形式上的美感，更要涉及辦公效率、景觀及智能化的問題，辦公空間目前在設(shè)計中新的發(fā)展趨勢、新的空間概念。目前國際上較為流行的辦公空間依據(jù)布局形態(tài)可概括為四大類：蜂巢型、密室型、小組型及俱樂部型。不同企業(yè)在設(shè)計辦公空間時應(yīng)考慮到各公司業(yè)務(wù)的區(qū)別及辦公室的資訊化發(fā)展，根據(jù)需要度身訂做。第一種是蜂巢型（hive），蜂巢型屬于典型的開放式空間，自律性及互動性最小，屬于例行性、重復(fù)性高而個人積極性極低的工作形態(tài)，適合朝九晚五或者24小時輪班的工作。辦公室采用開放形態(tài)，同事間互動較少，這是比較傳統(tǒng)的辦公室規(guī)劃。通常采用這一形態(tài)的典型工作空間包括銀行、財務(wù)及行政人員、資料輸入員和客服中心等。第二種是是小組型（den），小組型屬于團隊小組式的工作空間，自律性低但互動性高。辦公空間通常為開放空間或獨立的組群房間，每個人有固定的工作桌和電腦，復(fù)印機及其他辦公設(shè)備則共享，其中還包含共用的洽談桌或會議桌等討論空間。這一類型的工作者有設(shè)計小組、研發(fā)團隊、多媒體部門、保險業(yè)務(wù)人員等。第三種密室型（cell），密室型屬于較為個人化的獨立工作空間，自律度高而互動性差，適合個人化的、專注的及較少互動性的工作，而且工作時間及地點較不規(guī)律。這種辦公室具有獨立的單間，或是在開放空間中有較高的辦公隔間，其中各種辦公功能齊全，使個人工作時不受干擾。這一類型的工作者包括會計師、律師、電腦工程師及公司管理層。第四種是俱樂部型（club），俱樂部型同時兼具個人和團隊合作、經(jīng)常需要小組討論的工作，而且工作時間長，地點也不限，適合于高自律性和高互動性的知識工作者。這類辦公室需要獨立的工作空間、但也需要和同事頻繁互動的工作。這使的在空間的布局上既要做到空間的私密性又要顧及到空間的開放性。因此，辦公空間應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的任務(wù)編組作調(diào)整，采用分享的規(guī)劃觀念。在這一形態(tài)中，個人座位并不固定，但注重私密性，使個人工作時不受干擾。會談區(qū)可以容納少數(shù)或多數(shù)人共同討論，而且這類會談區(qū)并不僅僅限定在會議室等固定區(qū)域，當(dāng)個人研究遇到問題，可以在吧臺、用餐區(qū)或者舒服的沙發(fā)上進行討論。俱樂部型的辦公室空間設(shè)計最引起注目，部分原因是這類辦公室促使充滿創(chuàng)意的建筑因此誕生，但是設(shè)計師領(lǐng)先時代的創(chuàng)意在考驗上班族的適應(yīng)度。這類辦公室沒有單獨的辦公室，各個都以目標(biāo)用途進行設(shè)計，例如有沙發(fā)的“起居間”、咖啡屋等等。除此之外，這類設(shè)計也可以節(jié)省金錢，適合此類型的工作有廣告、媒體、公關(guān)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、管理顧問等公司以及各類公司的創(chuàng)意部門。例如安達(dá)信顧問公司把法國總部從占地一萬平方米的辦公室遷到占地七千平方米的新總部，一年可以節(jié)省一百萬美元。不過，這種設(shè)計方式最受詬病之處卻是打擊員工士氣，因為員工在這種辦公環(huán)境內(nèi)感到失落感。（二）辦公空間布局上的變化的影響空間就是布局、格局，指對空間的物理和心理分割。辦公空間設(shè)計需要考慮多方面的問題，涉及科學(xué)、技術(shù)、人文、藝術(shù)等諸多因素。辦公空間室內(nèi)設(shè)計的最大目標(biāo)就是要為工作人員創(chuàng)造一個舒適、方便、衛(wèi)生、安全、高效的工作環(huán)境，以便更大限度地提高員工的工作效率。這一目標(biāo)在當(dāng)前商業(yè)競爭日益激烈的情況下顯得更加重要，它是辦公空間設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)。辦公空間具有不同于普通住宅的特點，它是由辦公、會議、走廊三個區(qū)域來構(gòu)成內(nèi)部空間使用功能的，從有利于辦公組織以及采光通風(fēng)等角度考慮，其進深通常以9米為基本尺寸。辦公空間的最大特點就是公共化，這個空間要照顧到多個員工的審美需要和功能要求。目前辦公空間設(shè)計理念最為強調(diào)的要素有：一是團隊空間。把辦公空間分為多個團隊(3人～6人)區(qū)域，團隊可以自行安排將它和別的團隊區(qū)別開來的公共空間用于開會、存放資料等，按照成員間的交流與工作需要安排個人空間；精心設(shè)計公共空間。二是公共空間。目前有一些辦公空間，公共部分較小，從電梯一上來就進大堂，進辦公室，缺乏轉(zhuǎn)化的過程。一個良好的設(shè)計必須要有一種空間的過渡，不能只有過道走廊，必須要有環(huán)境，要有一個從公共空間過度到私屬空間的過程。當(dāng)然有些客戶會覺得這樣是不是很浪費，其實這完全是另一個概念。比如可以把電梯門口部分設(shè)計為會客廳或者洽談室，同樣是實現(xiàn)公共空間和私屬空間的一個分隔，形成不同的節(jié)奏。作為公共空間，不僅要有