北京市東城區(qū)2023屆高三二模英語試題含解析

北京市東城區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高三綜合練習(xí)（二）

英語

本試卷共11頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答

無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在

答題卡上將該項涂黑。

OneOctobermorning,IplannedtotakeHoney,mydog,outwithme.Weliveina1areaupinthehills.

Ourdrivewayisbarelywideenoughforonecar,witharavine（深溝）ononeside.WhileIwasstartingthecarslowly,

aflashofsunlight2me.Iputmyhanduptoblockthesunlight.Suddenly,thecarslippedinthesoftsoil,and

rolleddowntheravine.Afterseveralrolls,we3upsidedown.Iwasstuckandfeltashaippaininmychest.I

lookedovertofindHoney.Luckily,shewasokay.

Wewereatleast50feetdown.JustasPd4mycellphonecouldn'tgetasignal.

Calmdown!Itoldmyself.AtleastIcouldgetHoneyoutofhere.Painfully,Ireachedoverandpickedherup

and5putherthroughabrokenwindow.€tGohome,baby.^^Shejumpedtothegroundandracedupthesideof

theravine.

Icoulddonothingbutsitthereforhours.Thelastbitoflightfadedaway.

SlamlWasthatacardoor?"Help!”Ishoutedwithallmy6

“Mike!Whereareyou?”ItwasRobin,myclosestneighbor,wholivedtwomilesdownhillfromme.

Halfanhourlater,therescuecrew7andrushedmetothehospital.

ThenextdayRobinbroughtHoneytothehospital.Shegotrightupnexttomeonthebedandsnuggled（依偎）

close.Withherthere,itwaslikemypain8"IgothomefromworkandHoneywaswaitingforme,“Robin

said."Shegot9andranincircles,likeshewastryingtotellmesomething!^^Robinfiguredhe'dbringHoney

backtomy10andthat'swhenheheardmeshout.

Honey,mylife-savinghero!

1.A.crowdedB.newC.popularD.remote

2.A.coveredB.blindedC.burntD.warned

3.A.landedB.circledC.droveD.pulled

4.A.hesitatedB.fearedC.agreedD.doubted

5.A.activelyB.constantlyC.gentlyD.secretly

6.A.courageB.wisdomC.patienceD.strength

7.A.calledB.arrivedC.formedD.searched

8.A.returnedB.spreadC.frozeD.disappeared

9A.confusedB.disappointedC.anxiousD.bored

10.A.houseB.carC.hospitalD.office

【答案】l.D2.B3,A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C10.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在山區(qū)發(fā)生車禍，手機(jī)也沒有信號，于是把自己的狗

Honey先救了出去，結(jié)果Honey叫來了鄰居，從而讓作者得救了。

【1題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們住在山上的一個偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。A.crowded擁擠的；B.new新的；C.popular

流行的；D.remote遙遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)后文“areaupinthehills"可知是住在遙遠(yuǎn)的山區(qū)。故選D。

【2題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我慢慢地發(fā)動汽車時，一道陽光照得我睜不開眼睛。A.covered覆蓋；B.

blinded使失明;C.burnt燃燒;D.warned警告。根據(jù)后文“Iputmyhanduptoblockthesunlight.（我舉起手

擋住陽光）”可知，陽光刺眼，作者睜不開眼睛，故選B。

【3題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：翻了幾圈后，我們倒著著陸了。A.landed著陸；B.circled環(huán)繞；C.drove駕

駛；D.pulled拉。根據(jù)上文“Afterseveralrolls,we”指作者翻車最后頭朝下著陸了。故選A。

【4題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：正如我所擔(dān)心的，我的手機(jī)收不到信號。A.hesitated猶豫；B.feared恐懼；C.

agreed同意；D.doubted懷疑。根據(jù)后文“mycellphonecouldn'tgetasignal.”可知,由于位置偏遠(yuǎn),所以

和作者擔(dān)心的一樣擔(dān)心的，手機(jī)收不到信號。故選B。

【5題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:我痛苦地伸手把她抱起來，輕輕地把她從一扇破窗戶里塞了出去?A.actively

活躍地;B.constantly持續(xù)地;C.gently溫柔地;D.secretly秘密地。根據(jù)后文"putherthroughabroken

window"可知，玻璃碎了，所以動作輕。故選C。

【6題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我用盡全力叫喊。A.courage勇氣；B.wisdom智慧；C.patience耐心；D.

strength力量。根據(jù)上文,(l4Help!^^IshoutedwithallmyM指作者用盡全力求救，故選D。

【7題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：半小時后，救援人員趕到，把我緊急送往醫(yī)院。A.called打電話；B.arrived到

達(dá)；C.formed形成；D.searched搜索。根據(jù)后文“andrushedmetothehospital”指救援人員趕到，把作者

緊急送往醫(yī)院。故選B。

【8題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有了她，我的痛苦就消失了。A.returned返回；B.spread傳播；C.froze凍結(jié)；

D.disappeared消失。根據(jù)上文“Shegotrightupnexttomeonthebedandsnuggledclose.(她在床上緊挨著

我，依偎在我身邊)”指有了狗的陪伴，作者的痛苦也消失了。故選D。

【9題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:她變得焦慮起來，繞著圈子跑，好像她想告訴我什么！A.confused困惑的；

B.disappointed失望的；C.anxious焦慮的；D.bored厭倦的。根據(jù)后文"andranincircles,likeshewas

tryingtotellmesomething!”指狗非常焦慮，繞著圈子跑，故選C。

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Robin想他會把Honey帶回我家，就在那時他聽到了我的呼喊。A.house房

子；B.car汽車；C.hospital醫(yī)院；D.office辦公室。Honey是作者的狗，所以是帶回作者家里。故選A。

第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

TheworldwillobserveInternationalMuseumDayonMay18th.Since1977,thisday_____1]_____(celebrate)

bytheInternationalCouncilofMuseumsannuallytoraiseawarenessoftherolethatmuseumsplayinthe

developmentofsociety.Thedayisanexcellentwayof12(get)moreoftheyoungergenerationsinterested

inthehistoryandcultureavailableinmuseums.Everyyear,theorganization[3(decide)onanewtheme.

Andthethemefor2023isMuseums,SustainabilityandWell-being.

【答案】11.hasbeencelebrated

12.getting

13.decides

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是國際博物館日。

[11題詳解】

考查時態(tài)，語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：自1977年以來，國際博物館理事會每年都會慶祝這一天，以提高人

們對博物館在社會發(fā)展中所起作用的認(rèn)識。由Since1977可知，句子時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時，由by可知，句

子用被動語態(tài)，因此空格處是現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，即have/hasbeendone,主語thisday是單數(shù)，因此

空格處是hasbeencelebrated,故填hasbeencelebrated-

32題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：這一天是讓更多的年輕一代對博物館的歷史和文化感興趣的好方法。f。是介詞，

其后跟動名詞作賓語，故填getting。

【13題詳解】

考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：每年，該組織都會決定一個新的主題。由Everyyear可知，句子時態(tài)用一般

現(xiàn)在時，主語organization是單數(shù)，因此空格處用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填decides。

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Iama22-year-oldartist.Myjourneythroughartledmetobeinganenvironmentalist.

14weconsiderwastemaybeusefulwhenwethinkaboutitinadifferentlight.Although

largely15(ignore),materialsthrownawayprovideplentyofresourcesforusartiststogivethemasecond

life.Inmyhands,glassbottles,plasticbags,andotherwaste16(item)becomeaformofsustainableart.

Iwanttomotivatethepeoplewhobuythistypeofarttocontributetotheplanet,swelfare.

【答案】14.What

15.ignored

16.items

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的藝術(shù)之旅作者我成為了一名環(huán)保主義者。

【14題詳解】

考查名詞性從句。句意：當(dāng)我們從不同的角度思考時，我們認(rèn)為浪費(fèi)的東西可能是有用的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

可知，本句為主語從句。從句缺少賓語補(bǔ)足語，指物，所以用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填What。

【15題詳解】

考查狀語從句的省略。句意：雖然在很大程度上被忽視，但被丟棄的材料為我們藝術(shù)家提供了大量的資

源，讓它們重獲新生。Although引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若謂語部分含有be動詞，而主語又跟主句主語相同

時，則從句中主語和be動詞常一起省略。從句省略了theywere,所以用動詞的過去分詞形式。故填

ignoredo

【16題詳解】

考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：在我的手中，玻璃瓶、塑料袋和其他廢物變成了一種可持續(xù)的藝術(shù)形式。other后常

接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填items。

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Readingisauniquehumanexperience.Justbyskimmingoureyesoversomewords,we

canL7(mental)travelacrosstimeandspace.

Butreadingcanalsobehard,especiallywhenwe'refacedwithadifficulttext.18(make)itaneasier,

morerewardingexperience,you'dbetterreadinprintwheneverpossible.Onereasonfordoingsoisthatoureyes

arelesslikelytoskimpastprintedwordsthanthosel9screen.Plus,consumingcontentonaphysical

pagehelpsthebrainmakeamentalmapoftheinformation,20inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetails

infuture.

【答案】17.mentally

18.Tomake

19.on20.which

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。閱讀是一種獨特的人類體驗。閱讀時，我們應(yīng)該盡可能地閱讀紙質(zhì)書。

【17題詳解】

考查副詞。句意：只要我們的眼睛掠過一些單詞，我們就可以在精神上穿越時空。根據(jù)句意和所給形容詞

mental分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入mental的副詞形式mentally作狀語，修飾謂語動詞。故填

mentallyo

【18題詳解】

考查不定式。句意：為了讓閱讀變得更容易、更有意義，你最好盡可能地閱讀紙質(zhì)書。根據(jù)句意和所給動

詞make分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入不定式tomake作目的狀語。故填Tomake。

【19題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：這樣做的一個原因是，與屏幕上的單詞相比，我們的眼睛更不太可能跳過印刷的單詞。

根據(jù)句意和空格后的名詞screen可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入介詞on和名詞screen搭配，onscreen(在屏幕

上)。故填on。

[20題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：此外，在實體頁面上瀏覽內(nèi)容有助于大腦對信息進(jìn)行心理映射，這反過來又使其更

容易在未來記住細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)句意分析句子可知，inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.

是一個非限制性定語從句，該定語從句缺少主語，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入一個關(guān)系代詞，代替前面句子的內(nèi)

容在從句中作主語，所以，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該

項涂黑。

A

PacificScienceCenterfieldtripshavegonevirtual!BringthefunandexcitementofaPacScifieldtriptoyour

studentswhileengagingthemwithenrichingcontentdesignedtoenhanceyourcumculum（課程）andarousetheir

curiosity.PacSci'seducatorsjoinyourclassroomlivefromourCuriosityStudio,andleadstudentsthroughlive

sessionsfeaturingsomeofyourfavoriteSTEAMactivities.Eachprogramis40minuteslong.Wemaybeableto

accommodateshorterorlongerprogramstofityourneeds!

AVAILABLEPROGRAMS

APieceofMind

Cost:$300

MaximumNumberofParticipants:40

BestforGrades:6-10

Description:Beinspiredbythepowerofthebrainasstudentslearnhowitcontrolsmemory,movement,and

sight.Discoverhowthebrainfunctionsthroughliveactivitiesandfunpuzzles,andseearealhumanbrainsample!

?SticktheLandina

Cost:$500（includes3sessions）

MaximumNumberofParticipants:30

BestforGrades:9-12

Description:Overthecourseof3sessions,usethestepsoftheengineeringdesignprocesstobuildamodelof

aMarslander.DiveintopastandfuturemissionstoMarsandcarefullyconsiderthecriteriaandrestrictionsforreal

Marsmissions.Learnhowengineersarejustoneofthemanycareersthatcontributetocomplexsolarsystemmissions.

?NightSkyTonicht

CostVariesbyGroupSize

?1-99participants:$250

?100-199participants:$350

?200+participants:$550

MaximumNumberofParticipants:Unlimited

BestforGrades:3-12

Description:Becomeatruebackyardastronomer.Learnhowlivingonagiantspinningballchangeswhatcan

beseeneachnight.Discoverhowtofindstars,andevenhowtheskycanbeusedtofinddirections!

>EcosystemInvestigators

Cost:$200

MaximumNumberofParticipants:50

BestforGrades:3-8

Description:Workasateamtocreateavirtualecosystemmodelrevealinghowlivingandnon-livingparts

connectandinteractinanaquatic（水生的）environment.Usingnewknowledgeaboutecosysteminteractions,

becomeawetlandscientistandexploretherelationshipbetweenorganismsinarealpondsample.Formoredetails,

pleasecheckoutourProgramRequirements.

21.WhatcanwelearnaboutPacificScienceCenterfieldtrips?

A.Eachprogramisforonecertaingrade.

B.Theexpenseforeachprogramvaries.

C.Thelengthforeachprogramisunchangeable.

D.Everyprogramhasamaxnumberofparticipants.

22Cooperationisneededintheprogram.

A.PieceofMindB.SticktheLanding

C.NightSkyTonightD.EcosystemInvestigators

23.Thepassageisintendedfor.

A.tourguidesB.researchscientists

C.schoolteachersD.programdesigners

【答案】21.B22.D23.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是太平洋科學(xué)中心的課程的一些程序。

【21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)每一個程序中的介紹中的“Cost:$300（費(fèi)用：300美元）”，“Cost:$500（費(fèi)用：

$500）”，“CostVariesbyGroupSize-1-99participants:$250-100-199participants:$350-200+participants:

$550（費(fèi)用因團(tuán)隊規(guī)模而異?l-99人:250美元/00-199人:350美元?2因人以上:550美元）”，“Cost:

$200（費(fèi)用：200美元）”可知，這些程序的費(fèi)用各不相同，故選B。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EcosystemInvestigators部分的“Workasateamtocreateavirtualecosystemmodel

revealinghowlivingandnon-livingpartsconnectandinteractinanaquatic（水生的）environment.（作為——個團(tuán)

隊，創(chuàng)建一個虛擬的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)模型，揭示生物和非生物部分如何在水生環(huán)境中連接和相互作用）”可知，需

要合作的程序是EcosystemInvestigators,故選D。

【23題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“BringthefunandexcitementofaPacScifieldtriptoyourstudentswhileengaging

themwithenrichingcontentdesignedtoenhanceyourcurriculum（課程）andarousetheircuriosity.（為您的學(xué)生帶

來PacSci實地考察的樂趣和興奮，同時為他們提供豐富的課程內(nèi)容，以增強(qiáng)您的課程并激發(fā)他們的好奇

心）”可知，本文是給老師寫的，故選c。

B

RunbySocietyforScience,RegeneronScienceTalentSearchisapremierscienceandmathcompetitionfor

high-schoolseniors.Oneofthewinnersofthisyearis17-year-oldEthanWong,whotriestoimproveexisting

technology.Hisfocus:airplanes.

Nearlyallplaneshaveatail.Thetailkeepstheplane'snosefromsuddenlychangingdirectionduringaturn.

Thestructureaddsstabilitybutweighstheplanedown.Tailless-designedairplanewingscouldservethesame

functionasthetail,aswellascuttingtheenvironmentalcostofairtravel.Butthere'sacatch.Thosewingsmust

twist（彎曲）inaveryprecisewaythatmakesthemhardtoproduce.

EthanbecamefascinatedbythiskindofairplanedesignwhenhesawavideoofNASA'sPrandtl-Daircraft

glidinggracefullythroughtheairwithoutatail.justthoughtthatwasreallycool,“saysEthan.Hewonderedifhe

couldfindasimplerwaytoachievethesametaillessflight.

"EssentiallywhatIdidwasjusttrialanderror,Ethansays.Usingacomputermodelofanairplanewing,he

adjustedtheangleoftwistalongthewinguntilitcouldachievetaillessflight.Usually,suchawingrequiresa

continuousdistributionofwingtwist.Buthecouldachieveasimilareffectwithwingsthathadjustafewsectionsof

twist."It'ssupereasytomake,^^Ethansays.

Inhisgarage,Ethanbuiltmodelairplanesusingrubbermaterialsandpackingtapetotesthisdesign.4lSeeingthe

planeintheairwasprettycool,“Ethansays.4UItjustflewreally,reallywell.^^

Lighter,moreefficientplanescouldopenthedoortootherairtravelinnovations.44Ifsbeenalong-termgoalof

minetobuildasolarplanethatcanflythroughthedaypoweredbysolarpanelsonitswings,“Ethansays."Itis

absolutelypossiblefbrareallyefficientplane.^^

Tootherteenswhohavebigengineeringideastoexplore,Ethanalwayssays,"Don'tevergiveup."Evenwhen

somemachineryfeelsimpossibletounderstand,ithelpstorememberthattheworld'sgreatestinventorsareonly

human,too."Also,justmakesureyoulovewhateveryoudo,“Ethanadds."That'llmakepursuingeverythingalot

easier.^^

24.Whatisoneadvantageofthetaillessairplane?

A.Itmakesaircraftdesigneasier.

B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

C.Itreducesproductioncosts.

D.Itpromotesflightstability.

25.WhatdrewEthan'sattentiontothetaillessairplanedesign?

A.Thebreakthroughinaircraftmaterials.

B.Theflightofanaircraftinavideo.

C.Theprizefororiginaldesign.

D.Thedesireforinnovation.

26.InEthan'sopinion,whathelpinventorsrealizetheirdreams?

AAmbitionandefficiency.

B.Enthusiasmandresponsibility.

C.Passionanddetermination.

D.Confidenceandindependence.

【答案】24.B25.B26.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了美國再生元科學(xué)天才獎的獲獎?wù)摺狤thanWong,他的研究

方向是無尾設(shè)計的飛機(jī)，介紹了其設(shè)計思路等。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段uTailless-designedairplanewingscouldservethesamefunctionasthetail,aswell

ascuttingtheenvironmentalcostofairtravel.（無尾設(shè)計的飛機(jī)機(jī)翼可以起到與機(jī)尾相同的作用，還可以減少

航空旅行的環(huán)境成本。）”可知，無尾設(shè)計的飛機(jī)機(jī)翼可以減少航空旅行的環(huán)境成本，也就是更為環(huán)保。故

選B?

【25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Ethanbecamefascinatedbythiskindofairplanedesignwhenhesawavideoof

NASA'sPrandtl-Daircraftglidinggracefullythroughtheairwithoutatail."Ijustthoughtthatwasreallycool,^^says

Ethan.Hewonderedifhecouldfindasimplerwaytoachievethesametaillessflight.（當(dāng)Ethan看到NASA的

PrandU-D飛機(jī)沒有尾翼優(yōu)雅地在空中滑翔的視頻時，他被這種飛機(jī)設(shè)計迷住了?！拔抑皇怯X得這真的很酷，”

Ethan說。他想知道是否能找到一種更簡單的方法來實現(xiàn)同樣的無尾飛行。）”可知，Ethan之所以開始研究

無尾飛機(jī)是因為他看到了一段視頻，視頻里的飛機(jī)沒有尾翼卻優(yōu)雅地在空中滑翔。故選B。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Tootherteenswhohavebigengineeringideastoexplore,Ethanalwayssays,

“Don'tevergiveup."Evenwhensomemachineryfeelsimpossibletounderstand,ithelpstorememberthatthe

world'sgreatestinventorsareonlyhuman,too.ctAlso,justmakesureyoulovewhateveryoudo,"Ethanadds."That'll

makepursuingeverythingaloteasier.”（對于其他有重大工程想法的青少年，Ethan總是說：“永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄。”

即使有些機(jī)器讓人感覺無法理解，它也能幫助我們記住，世界上最偉大的發(fā)明家也是人類。Ethan補(bǔ)充道：

“同時，要確保你熱愛你所做的一切。這將使追求一切變得容易得多?！埃笨芍?，Ethan認(rèn)為發(fā)明家想要實

現(xiàn)自己的夢想不要放棄，也就是要有毅力；同時要熱愛自己所做的一切，也就是要有熱情。故選C。

C

Besidesthetheoryofevolution,CharlesDarwinwasalsoresponsibleforthetheoryofemotion,themost

importantprincipleofwhichwasthatthemindconsistsoftwocompetingforces,therational（理性的）andthe

emotional.Hebelievedemotionsplayedapartinthelivesofnon-humananimals,butinhumansemotionswerea

verysmallremainingpartwhoseusefulnesshadbeenlargelyreplacedbytheevolutionofreason.

Thistheorydominatedhisfieldformorethanacentury,butitwasdeadwrong.Wenowknowthat,onthe

contrary,emotionsenhanceourprocessofreasoningandaidourdecision-making.Infact,wecan'tmakedecisions,

oreventhink,withoutbeinginfluencedbyouremotions.

Considerapioneering2020studyinwhichresearchersanalyzedtheworkof118professionaltradersatfour

investmentbanks.Somewerehighlysuccessful,butmanywerenot.Theresearchers9goalwastounderstandwhat

differentiatedthetwogroups.Theirconclusion?Thetradershaddifferentattitudestowardemotions.

Therelativelylesssuccessfultradersforthemostpartdeniedthatemotionshadaneffectontheirdecision-

making.Themostsuccessfultraders,incontrast,hadadifferentattitude.Theyshowedagreatwillingnesstoreflect

ontheiremotion-drivenbehaviour.Theyrecognisedthatemotionandgooddecision-makingwerelinked.Accepting

thatemotionswerenecessaryforhighperformance,theytendedtoreflectcriticallyabouttheroleofemotion.Though

thesuccessfultradersacceptedthepositiveandessentialroleemotionsplayed,theyunderstoodthatwhenemotions

becometoointenseitisusefultoknowhowtotonethemdown.Theissuefbrthemwasnothowtoavoidemotion,

buthowtoharnessit.

Ifemotionsaidrationalreasoning,howdoesthatwork?Perhapsthemostimportantdiscoveryregardingtherole

ofemotionisthatevenwhenyoubelieveyouareexercisingcold,logicalreason,youaren't.Peoplearen'tusually

awareofit,buttheveryframeworkoftheirthoughtprocessishighlyinfluencedbywhatthey'refeelingatthetime.

AstheCaltechneuroscientistRalphAdolphsputsit:"Eachemotionisafunctionalstateofthemindthatputsyour

braininaparticularmodeofoperationthatadjustsyourgoals,directsyourattention,andmodifies（調(diào)整）theweights

youassigntovariousfactorsasyoudomentalcalculations.

ThenewviewofemotionmaynotcorrespondtothewayDarwinsawit,butitdoessupportoneofthebasic

conclusionsofhistheoryofevolution:humansarenotasdifferentfromnon-humananimalsaspeoplebelieved.Want

tofarebetter?Valueandregulateyouremotion.

27.Basedonthestudy,successfultraderswould.

A.revealtheirhiddenemotions

Bowetheirsuccesstoemotions

C.reviewdecisionsdependingonemotions

D.examinetheiractionsinfluencedbyemotions

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harness“inParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Controlanduse.B.Analyseandrelease.

C.Faceandadaptto.D.Understandandaccept.

29.AccordingtoParagraph5,whichofthefollowingisthebestexampleofRalphAdolphs'words?

A.Confidencemayexposeonetomorechances.

B.Depressionwillconsumeone'senergy.

C.Angermayleadonetorisk-seeking.

D.Optimismwillaffectone'shealth.

30.Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?

A.Thecontributingfactorstoemotions.

B.Theworkablestrategiesofemotions.

C.Theworkingprincipleofemotions.

D.Theconstructiveroleofemotions.

【答案】27.D28.A29.C30.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹情緒對人類有很大的影響，會影響人們的決策，有助于人們的理

性推理。

【27題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段"Themostsuccessfultraders,incontrast,hadadifferentaltitude.Theyshoweda

greatwillingnesstoreflectontheiremotion-drivenbehaviour.Theyrecognisedthatemotionandgooddecision-

makingwerelinked.Acceptingthatemotionswerenecessaryforhighperformance,theytendedtorelleclcrilically

abouttheroleofemotion.（相比之下，最成功的交易員則持不同的態(tài)度。他們非常愿意反思自己受情緒驅(qū)使的

行為。他們認(rèn)識到情緒和好的決策是有聯(lián)系的。他們承認(rèn)情緒對于高績效是必要的，他們傾向于批判性地反

思情緒的作用。）”可知，成功的交易員愿意審視自己受情緒驅(qū)使的行為。故選D。

[28題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文可知，成功的交易員更愿意審視自己受情緒驅(qū)使的行為。再根據(jù)劃線單詞上文

“Thoughthesuccessfultradersacceptedthepositiveandessentialroleemotionsplayed,theyunderstoodthatwhen

emotionsbecometoointenseitisusefultoknowhowtotonethemdown.（雖然成功的交易員接受了情緒所扮演

的積極和重要的角色，但他們明白，當(dāng)情緒變得過于強(qiáng)烈時，知道如何緩和它們是有用的。）”可知，成功

的交易員接受了情緒的作用，但是他們知道如何緩和情緒。由此判斷，問題不在于如何避免情緒，而在于如

何去處理或者駕馭。選項A"Controlanduse（控制和利用）"；選項B"Analyseandrelease（分析和釋放）”；

選項C"Faceandadaptto（面對和適應(yīng)）"；選項D"Understandandaccept（理解和接受）“。故選A。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段"AstheCaltechneuroscientistRalphAdolphsputsit:"Eachemotionisafunctional

stateofthemindthatputsyourbraininaparticularmodeofoperationthatadjustsyourgoals,directsyourattention,

andmodifies（調(diào)整）theweightsyouassigntovariousfactorsasyoudomentalcalculations.”（正如力口州理工學(xué)院的

神經(jīng)學(xué)家RalphAdolphs所說：“每種情緒都是一種心理功能狀態(tài)，它使你的大腦處于一種特定的運(yùn)作模式，

調(diào)整你的目標(biāo)，引導(dǎo)你的注意力，并在你進(jìn)行心理計算時修改你分配給各種因素的權(quán)重以及引文上

一句**Peoplearen'tusuallyawareofit,buttheveryframeworkoftheirthoughtprocessishighlyinfluencedby

whatthey'refeelingatthetime.（人們通常不會意識到這一點，但他們的思維過程的框架受到他們當(dāng)時的感受

的高度影響。）”可知，人們的思維過程會受到當(dāng)時的情緒的影響，因此也會調(diào)整目標(biāo)或行為。與這種說法

相一致的是選項C"C.Angermayleadonetorisk-seeking.（憤怒可能導(dǎo)致一個人冒險。）”指的正是如果當(dāng)時

憤怒，你就會在憤怒的情緒下調(diào)整自己的行為。故選C。

【30題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Wenowknowthat,onthecontrary,emotionsenhanceourprocessofreasoning

andaidourdecision-making.Infact,wecan'tmakedecisions,oreventhink,withoutbeinginfluencedbyour

emotions.（我們現(xiàn)在知道，相反，情緒會增強(qiáng)我們的推理過程，幫助我們做出決策。事實上，如果不受情緒

的影響，我們就無法做出決定，甚至無法思考。）”以及文章最后一段aThenewviewofemotionmaynot

correspondtothewayDarwinsawit,butitdoessupportoneofthebasicconclusionsofhistheoryofevolution:

humansarenotasdifferentfromnon-humananimalsaspeoplebelieved.Wanttofarebetter?Valueandregulateyour

emotion.（這種關(guān)于情感的新觀點可能與達(dá)爾文的觀點不一致，但它確實支持了達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論的一個基本結(jié)

論：人類與非人類動物的區(qū)別并不像人們所認(rèn)為的那樣大。想過得更好嗎？重視和調(diào)節(jié)你的情緒。）”可知，

文章主要講述的是情緒對人類所起的建設(shè)性作用。故選D。

D

September2022wasapparentlythemonthartificialintelligenceessayanxietyboiledoverinacademia,aftera

userofanAIwritingserviceclaimedtobegettingstraightA'swithessays“written“usingartificialintelligence.Most

professorsexpressedconcern.Onewrote,''GradingsomethinganAIwroteisanincrediblydepressingwasteofmy

life.”

Asallthisonlinedepressionwasplayingout,Iaskedmystudents,whoweremostlymajorsinwriting,tosubmit

a2,000-wordproposalaboutalocalissue.IaskedthemtorelyontheAIasmuchaspossible.Afterreviewingtheir

22AIessays,Icantellyouconfidentlythatthetechnologyjustisn'tthere.Mystudentsusedfreeaccessibletext

generatorsonlineandputinalotofeffort.But,ifIhadbelievedtheseweregenuinestudentessays,theverybest

wouldhaveearnedsomewherearoundaCorC-niinus.ManyoftheessayshadobviousredflagsforAIgeneration:

outdatedfacts,quotesfromprioruniversitypresidentspresentedascuiTentpresidents,fictionalprofessorsandnamed

studentorganizationsthatdon'texist.Atthesametime,thestudentsreportedthatusingAIrequiredfarmoretime

thansimplywritingtheiressaystheold-fashionedwaywouldhave.

TherehasbeenafairamountwrittenaboutthesupposedimpressivenessofAi-generatedtext.Thereareeven

severalhigh-profileAl-writtenarticles,essaysorevenscientificpapersorscreenplaysthatshowcasethis

impressiveness.Inmanyofthesecases,the“authors“haveaccesstohigher-qualitylanguagemodelsthanmost

studentsarecurrentlyabletouse.But,moreimportantly,thepublishedexamplesaregenerallythepolishedformof

professionalwritersandeditors.Incontrast,manyofmystudents'Ai-generatedessaysshowedthecommonproblems

ofstudentwriting——uncertainlyabouttheappropriatewritingstyle,issueswithorganizationandtransitions,and

inconsistentparagraphing.Obviously,producingaqualityessaywithAIrequireshavinghighwritingskilland

revisingskilltoproduceappropriateoutputs.

MyexperimentalsotellsmethatagoodassignmentsheetisthebestdefenseagainstAIessays.Ifyour

assignmentis"DescribethereasonsfbrtheU.S.CivilWar"，youaremorelikelytogetAIordownloadedessay

submissions.Myassignmentwasachallengebecauseitaskedstudentstoaddresslocalissuesofconcern.Thereare

justnotenoughrelevantexamplesinthedatatheAItextgeneratorsaredrawingfrom.

Ithasbeenjustoverfiveyearssincecomput