完形填空方法及練習(xí)

高中英語一一完形填空解題技巧和訓(xùn)練一、考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧完形填空是高考英語必考題型之一，共20題，30分。完形填空既考查學(xué)生的語法、詞法、句法、習(xí)慣用法等英語基礎(chǔ)知識的綜合運(yùn)用能力，又考查他們對短文的閱讀和理解能力。具體說來，是從語篇角度綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握和對英語習(xí)慣用語的熟悉程度、以及語法規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用。1、 考試出題的大致方向是：詞匯：某些詞義的識別，同義詞辨析。英語習(xí)慣用法的熟悉程度。語法結(jié)構(gòu)：語法規(guī)則的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。語篇句意：從語篇角度，即上下文和情景語境綜合測試考生的閱讀理解能力邏輯推理和生活常識解題技巧：重視首句信息：完形填空所采用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，且首句往往不設(shè)空，通常是個完整的句子。這個句子往往是全文的關(guān)鍵句，它是了解全文的窗口，常常包含對解題有用的信息因此考生要注重細(xì)讀首句，并據(jù)此來判斷文章的體裁，題材，推測全文的主旨和大意，推斷故事發(fā)生的人物、地點(diǎn)、時間、氣氛等多方面的特征。注意前后暗示：完形填空經(jīng)常在短文中設(shè)置前后互相暗示的考題。這里需要注意的是：若是前面暗示后面，做題相對來說比較容易。但從對歷屆考題的研究情況來看，這種暗示多為后面暗示前面，也就是說前面的某些填空從當(dāng)時的情況來看，或是線索不清，或是語境不明，無法填出，但只要我們繼續(xù)往后看，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)此空在后面的某個地方有暗示。利用邏輯推理：做完形填空題的過程從本質(zhì)上說是一個閱讀推理的過程。考生必須把握作者的思路，使自己的思維模式與作者的思維模式相吻合，同時考生還必須不斷地從各個角度進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理，并不斷地驗(yàn)證推理的正確性，以達(dá)到理解全文、解決問題的目的。注意文章前后的關(guān)系，如轉(zhuǎn)折，順承等。聯(lián)系上下文：通讀全文，理順大意,根據(jù)上下文找出信息詞是做好完形填空題的關(guān)鍵.近年來，高考試題中的完形填空題在命題設(shè)計上的趨勢是朝著深層化及語境化的方面挖掘，逐漸擯棄單純的語言分析考查，而越來越側(cè)重邏輯推理判斷.因此，只有借助上下文乃至全文語境的啟示或限定才能夠準(zhǔn)確做出判斷.利用語法分析：借助語法分析來幫助理解句子，推測語境,判斷搭配等,是必不可少的.因此考生做題時應(yīng)充分利用平時所學(xué)的語法及詞匯,名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)，動詞的及物與不及物以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)等知識.文化背景和生活常識：完形填空中交織滲透著各類相關(guān)的文化背景知識和常識，如文化，風(fēng)俗，生活常識以及科學(xué)知識等.在做題時可充分利用社會文化知識和生活常識，并注意中西方文化方面存在的差異將會大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，順理成章的選出正確的答案。利用語篇標(biāo)志：語篇指比句子長的語言單位，語篇標(biāo)志指語篇之間有內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語.常見的語篇標(biāo)志語有：結(jié)構(gòu)層次：“secondly>thirdly>finally”等；時間關(guān)系：“before、after、later”等；因果關(guān)系：“because、for、since、asso、therefore> thus”等；話題關(guān)系：“bytheway”等；轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：“but、however、nevertheless> onthecontrary”等’遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：“inaddition>besides、then、what’smore、further”等并列關(guān)系:“and、andalso、or、neither，“nor 、either or 、notonly butalso 、aswell、similarly>inthesameway、thatistosay^等讓步關(guān)系：“although、though、eventhough、evenif、nomatter+疑問詞”等條件關(guān)系：“if、onlyif、ifonly”等.(8)利用習(xí)慣用法和詞語辨析知識：習(xí)慣用法是英語中固定的結(jié)構(gòu)，是不能隨意改的.平時學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意積累及掌握好習(xí)慣用法.同時，應(yīng)多注意詞語辨析及詞語搭配，要培養(yǎng)在特定語境中靈活運(yùn)用詞語的能力.二、典型例題 A—Itrulyfeelthatmymotherledmehere,toMorzaine,andtomyfutureashappywifeandbussinesswoman.WhenMum21inOctober2007,Iwascook..InDecemberthatyear.whileIwasworkingforawedding,apearlnecklaceMumhadleftme 22 .Iwasdistraught（憂心如焚的）.Somedayslater,Iwas23thataguywhowasworkingwithusthatday?！癱ouldprobablyrfr 朝b仔3書lLW” Hr芬7：匚dhavemadeafortune*I24theneeklacehefound.”25■上I.hereturndeit.HearingheI’d 26Mumforsixmonthsbeforeherdeath,hesaid,”Christmasisgoingtobe27—whynotgoouttotheAlpsforacoupleofweeks?”IcometoMorzaine,asmall,friendlyvillageintheAlpsand28_fellinlovewithit.Whatwas__29__tobeastopgap（權(quán)宜之計）tripturnedintoanewlife.IkepttravellingbetweenLondonandhereandfelt_30__thanIhadinmonths.InDecember2008,Iwas__31_asahotelmanagerandmovedherefulltime.Amonthlater,ImetPaul,whowastravelinghere.Wefellinlove.Inthebeginning,Ididn’twanttodiscuss32__,becausethesadnessoflosingMum33feltgreat.Paulunderstoodthatandnever34__meBut,bysummer,wegotmarried.Ayearlater,weusedhissavings,andthemoneyfromthesaleofMom’shouse,tobuildourown35__.Wewanttogiveourguestsa36—feel,soeachroomisthemed（以 為題）aroundmemories

fromourlives.TherearealsostylestoremindmeofMom-atinychairwhich37beinherbedroomissetinoneroom.WearehavingawonderfullifeandMum38naturallypartofit,_39there’snowaywewouldbehereifitwasn’tforthe__40__shegaveme.Iknowshe’shereinspirit,keepinganeyeonus21.A.diedB.cameC.returnedD.visited22.A.burnedB.disappearedC.brokeD.dropped23.A.shownB.comfortedC.persuadedD.told24.A.hidingB.stealingC.sellingD.wearing25.A.LuckilyB.NaturallyC.SurelyD.Hopefully26.A.nursedB.curedC.missedD.guarded27.A.longB.hardC.merryD.free28.A.suddenlyB.finallyC.nearlyD.immediately29.A.saidB.provedC.supposedD.judged30.A.smarterB.higherC.firmerD.lighter31.AhonouredB.hiredC.regardedD.trained32.A.travelB.businessC.childrenD.marriage33.A.recentlyB.onceC.stillD.firstly34.A.leftB.pushedC.surprisedD.interruptedTh-fflim/]i|+4-"5?；自Tt35.A.hotelB.restaurantC.homeD.shop36.A.homelyB.livelyC.motherlyD.friendly37.A.oughttoB.usedtoC.mightD.could38.A.takesB.keepsC.looksD.feels39.A.unlessB.whileC.becauseD.though40.A.moneyB.chairC.houseD.neeklaceBIwassuccessfulatmyjob.Iworkedveryhard,butit21meandmyfamilyafabulous（極好的）lifestyle.I’dworkedforthesamecompanyfortwentyyearsandhadworkedmywayuptodepartmentdirector.22,oneafternoonlastMay,Iwascalledtotheoffice,anditwas_23—explainedtomethattheywerelettingmego.Ijustsatthere__24_theytalkedonandallIcouldthinkwas,“I’ve25.”I’dbeensowellrespected;26Iwasofnovalue.Forsixweeks,Iwasinavery__27__place.Iwanderedaroundmyhouselikeazombie（僵尸）.1could__28—thingsneededdoing,butwouldnotdoanything.Mybeliefsinlookingforwardandseeingthepositive（積極的）ineverything29me.Then,inlateJune,myyoungestson’sfootballteammadethecitycupfinal.Theyearbefore,he’dbeenverysadwhenI_30thesamefinal,sohewas31whenItoldhimI’dgo.Notonlydidtheywin,butthelookonhisfaceashesawme32himonwasunbelievable.Fromthenin,Ispentthesummerenjoyingmysonsandtheirpassions（激情）.Iattendedmatchaftermatchandperformancesofmyelderson’sband—I33wenttoanothercitytowatchhimplay.Thesemomentswereso34.Mylifehadbeensomuchdevotedto__35__forsolong,andIfelt__36__thatmysonswerehappytowelcomemeintotheirworld.37,beingunemployedgavemebackasenseofpurpose—Iwassomeone’smum!Ifeltasenseofbeing38again.NowIfeelmorepositiveaboutmyprofessional39andI’mgettingonbetterwithmyfamilythanIeverhave.Losingmyjobmademerealizejusthow__40__itistoachieverealbalanceinlife.21.A.promisedB.affordedC.showedD.left22.A.ThereforeB.AnyhowC.OtherwiseD.However23.A.quicklyB.gentlyC.partlyD.easily□Q-fit成im如4-J-24.A.untilB.afterC.asD.so25.A.failedB.finishedC.triedD.changed26.A.suddenlyB.finallyC.immediatelyD.shortly27.A.secretB.quietC.lonelyD.dark28.A.seeB.getC.suggestD.understand29.A.defendedB.directedC.desertedD.disturbed30.A.watchedB.missedC.lostD.won31.A.disappointedB.worriedC.honouredD.delighted32.A.cheeringB.takingC.leadingD.passing33.A.justB.evenC.stillD.almost34.A.hopefulB.meaningfulC.difficultD.strange35.A.workB.familyC.matchesD.performances

21.B22.D23.B24.C25.A26.A27.D28.A29.C30.B31.D32.A33.B34.B35.A36.C37.D38.C39.D40.AA.successfulA.NaturallyA.employedA.educationA.importantA.successfulA.NaturallyA.employedA.educationA.importantB.thoughtfulB.DoubtfullyB.comfortedB.experienceB.interestingC.thankfulD.peacefulC.DisagreeablyC.valuedC.relationshipC.simpleD.UnexpectedlyD.encouragedD.futureD.surprising三、課后練習(xí)ARecently,IflewtoLasVegastoattendameeting.Aswewereabouttoarrive,thepilotannouncedwithapologythattherewouldbeaslight2lbeforesettingdown.Highdesertwindshad22theairporttocloseallbutonerunway.Hesaidthatwewouldbe 23 thecityforafewminuteswaitingto 24 .Wewerealsotoldtoremaininourseatsmeanwhilewithourseatbeltsfastened 25 theremightbeafewbumps（顛簸）.Well,thatfewminutesturn武iii.-fca i1 LiJ,j-jI"j^L屯1口.edintoaboutfour—fiveminutes,includingaridethatwouldmakearollercoaster（過山車）26__bycomparisonThemovementwassofiercethatseveralpassengersfelt27andhadtouseairsicknessbags.Asyoumightguess,that’snotgoodthingtohavehappenina（n）28spacebecauseitonly 29toincreasethediscomfortofthesituation.Abouttwentyminutesintotheadventure,theentireairplanebecamevery30.Therewasnowasenseofanxietyandfearthatcouldbe31noticed.Everypassengersimplyheldonfordearlife...exceptone.A32washavingagoodtime!Witheachbumpofthe33,hewouldletoutagiggle（咯咯的笑）ofdelightAsIobservedthis,I34thathedidn’tknowhewassupposedtobeafraidandworriedabouthis35.HeneitherthoughtaboutthepastnoraboutthefutureThosearewhatwegrown—upshavelearnedfrom36.Hewas 37 theridebecausehadnotyetbeentaughttofearit.Havingunderstoodthis,Ito

okadeepbreathand38backintomyseat,pretendingIwas39onarollercoaster.Ismiledfortherestoftheflight.Ieven40togiggleonceortwice,muchtothechagrin（隨惱）ofthemansittingnexttomeholdingtheairsicknessbag.A.mistakeA.A.mistakeA.forcedB.delayB.warned23.A.watchingB.visiting24.A.arriveB.enter25.A.ifB.though26.A.lightB.pale27.A.sickB.nervous28.A.emptyB.narrow29.A.happensB.continues30.A.quietB.hot31.A.partlyB.gradually32.A.pilotB.baby33.A.seatsB.passengers34.A.realizedB.hoped35.A.healthB.safety36.A.teachersB.books■HmnI|37.A.learningX1'B.taking38.A.satB.lay39.A.nearlyB.finally40.A.attempted21—25BACDCB.managed26—30BABDAC.changeD.windC.sweptD.remindedC.circlingD.crossingC.stopD.landC.becauseD.whileC.easyD.quickC.angryD.afraidC.secretD.openC.failsD.servesC.dirtyD.crowdedC.shortlyD.clearlyC.guardD.manC.flightD.airplaneC.agreedD.insistedC.joyD.futureC.experience D.practiceC.missing■-111.D.enjoyingC.wentD.rodeC.reallyD.suddenlyC.wantedD.decided31—35DBDAB36—40CDACB“Look,it’sBaldy!”Aboyshoutedinmydirectionacrosstheplayground.EventhoughIwasusedtoregularinsults（侮辱）becauseofthe11onmyhead,itwas12horribletohear.IsighedasIheadedbacktotheclass.WhenIwasjust20monthsold,Isufferedserious13afterabowlfullofhotoilfeelonmyhead.Iwas14tohospitalandhadtostaythereforweekswhilethedoctors15tosavemylife."Holly’svery 16tobealive,”theytoldMumandDad.“Butshe’llbe17withscarsonherhead,andofcourseherhairwon'tgrowthere.”Asachild,Icaredmuchaboutmyscars,soI18woreascarftocoverthemupwhenIlefthome.19Ididn't,peoplewouldcallmehorriblenameslikeBaldy.Althoughmyfriendswerealwayscomfortingme,theynever20understoodhowitfelt.ThenthroughthehospitalIwas21 toachildren'sburnscamp,wherechildrenlikemecangetanyhelp.ThereI2214-year-oldStephanie,whoseburnsarealotmoreseriousthanmine.Butsheisso23thatsheneverletsanyoneputherdown.“Youshouldn't24whatpeoplesayaboutwhatyoulooklikebecausewe'renotdifferentfromanyoneelse,Holly,”She25 me.“Andyoudon'tneedtowearascarfbecauseyoulookgreat26it!”Forthefirsttime