高中英語(yǔ)45個(gè)介詞的基本用法及高中英語(yǔ)255句

255句高中英語(yǔ)67/70——45個(gè)基本介詞的用法1、about【原始含義】a-b-out“A在B外面”【引申含義】[prep]（1）在…到處，在…各處hereandthereeg:Wewanderedaboutthetownforanhourorso.Helookedabouttheroom.（2）在…附近nexttoaplaceeg.Shelivesabouttheoffice.（3）關(guān)于inconnectionwitheg:abookaboutEnglishstudyIdon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.[adv]（1）大約closetoeg:Weleftthereabout10o’clock.Itcostsabout500dollars.（2）到處，各處eg:Thechildrenwererushingaboutinthegarden.（3）在附近eg:Thereisnofoodabout.【常見(jiàn)搭配】作介詞時(shí)的搭配:一.動(dòng)詞+(about+名詞)（1）arrange(aboutsth)安排關(guān)于某事（2）argue(aboutsth)討論某事（3）ask(aboutsth)詢問(wèn)關(guān)于某事（4）boast(aboutsb/sth)吹噓...（5）care(aboutsb/sth)關(guān)心…,對(duì)…感興趣（6）chat(aboutsth)談?wù)撃呈拢?）complain(aboutsb/sth)抱怨…（8）dream(aboutsb/sth)夢(mèng)見(jiàn)某人/某物（9）go(aboutsth)著手做...；從事...（10）hear(aboutsth)聽(tīng)說(shuō)...（11）know(aboutsth)了解...（12）learn(aboutsth)得知某事（13）put(aboutsth)散布（謠言等）（14）quarrel(aboutsth) 為...爭(zhēng)吵（15）see(aboutsth) 負(fù)責(zé)處理...（16）talk(aboutsth)談?wù)?..（17）think(aboutsth)考慮..（18）warnsb(aboutsth)告誡某人關(guān)于某事（19）wonder(aboutsb/sth) 對(duì)..好奇（20）worry(aboutsb/sth)對(duì)...擔(dān)心二、名詞+(about+名詞)（1）concern(aboutsb/sth) 對(duì)…的關(guān)心/關(guān)懷（2）curiosity(aboutsb/sth)對(duì)…的好奇（3）doubt(aboutsb/sth) 對(duì)…的懷疑（4）ethusiasm(aboutsth)對(duì)…的熱情（5）information(aboutsb/sth)關(guān)于…的信息（6）remark(aboutsth) 對(duì)…的評(píng)論（7）opinion(aboutsth) 對(duì)…的意見(jiàn)（8）view(aboutsb/sth)對(duì)...的觀點(diǎn)三、be+adj+(about+名詞)（1）beangry(aboutsth) 為…而生氣（2）beanxious(aboutsth) 為…憂慮（3）becareful(aboutsth) 當(dāng)心…（4）becautious(aboutsth)謹(jǐn)防...；對(duì)...持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度（5）becertain(aboutsth) 確信關(guān)于某事（6）becurious(aboutsth) 對(duì)…感到好奇（7）bedisappointed(aboutsth) 對(duì)…感到失望（8）beexcited(aboutsth) 對(duì)…感到興奮（9）beglad/happy(aboutsth) 對(duì)…感到高興（10）behopeful(aboutsth) 對(duì)…抱有希望（11）becrazy/mad/wild(aboutsth) 對(duì)…癡狂；酷愛(ài)某事benervous(aboutsth) 為…感到不安/因...感到緊張（13）beoptimistic/positive(aboutsth) 對(duì)...是積極樂(lè)觀的（14）beparticular(aboutsb/sth) 對(duì)...講究，挑剔（15）besad(aboutsth) 為…而難過(guò)（16）beserious(aboutsth) 對(duì)…認(rèn)真（17）besorry(aboutsth)對(duì)...抱歉作副詞時(shí)的搭配:名詞+動(dòng)詞+about（1）sthcomeabout某事發(fā)生（2）sthgetabout某事（尤指消息等）傳開(kāi)（3）sbturnabout某人轉(zhuǎn)身（4）sbwanderabout某人徘徊，游蕩（5）sbwalkabout 某人走來(lái)走去2、above【原始含義】a-b-over“A在B上方”【引申含義】prep.（1）在…上方atortoahigherplacethansth/sbeg:Thesunroseabovethehorizon.（2）數(shù)目大于…/重量超過(guò)…/價(jià)格（能力、地位）高于…morethansth.;greaterinnumber,leveloragethansb./sth.eg:Thereisnothinginthestoreabove50cents.重要性或質(zhì)量超過(guò)、勝過(guò)ofgreaterimportanceorofhigherqualitythansb/stheg.Irateherabovemostotherplayersofherage.（4）聲音超過(guò)…louderorclearerthananothersoundeg:Icouldn’thearherabovethenoiseofthetraffic.（5）不至于，不屑于做某事toogoodortoohonesttodostheg.Sheisabovesuspicion.【常見(jiàn)搭配】一、動(dòng)詞+(above+名詞)（1）live(aboveone’sincome)入不敷出地生活（2）putA(aboveB)把A看得比B更重要（3）rise(abovesth)克服...,不受的影響（4）talk(aboveone’shead)高深莫測(cè)地談?wù)摱?、be+(above+名詞)（1）be(aboveoneself)興高采烈=beinone’shighspirit（2）be(aboveone’shead)難以理解/超出某人理解能力3、across【原始含義】a-grass“一片草坪”，across指在平面上經(jīng)過(guò)，就像人走過(guò)一片草坪那樣?！疽旰x】prep.（1）穿過(guò)fromonesidetotheothersideeg:Shewalkedacrosstheroad.（2）在...對(duì)面ontheothersideofsth.eg:Thebarisjustacrossthestreet.（3）交叉crosseg:Hesatwithhisarmsacrosshischest.（4）在...各處，遍及...everywhereeg.Theopinioniscommonacrosstheuniversity.【常見(jiàn)搭配】動(dòng)詞+(across+名詞)（1）Acome(acrossB)A偶遇B（2）Acut(acrossB) A走B捷徑；A打斷B（3）Ago(acrossB) A穿過(guò)B（4）Aput(acrossB) A解釋清楚B；A把B送到對(duì)岸（5）Arun(acrossB) A橫穿B；A偶然碰到B4、after【原始含義】“A在B之后（強(qiáng)調(diào)順序）”【引申含義】[prep]（1）在…之后（時(shí)間順序、空間順序）laterthansth;followingsthintimeeg:Afterdinner,theywentoutforawalk.在…后面，僅次于（按重要性）nexttothefollowingeg.Yournamecomesaftermineinthelist.與…對(duì)照、對(duì)比incontrasttostheg.Itwascoolaftertheheatoutside.照著…的樣子followingtheexampleofsb/stheg:Readthesentenceafterme,please.[adv]后來(lái)、以后laterintime,afterwordseg:Soonafter,shecamebacktoherhometown.Theprinceandprincesslivedhappilyeverafter.【常見(jiàn)搭配】作介詞時(shí)的搭配名詞+動(dòng)詞+(after+名詞)（1）Achase(afterB)A追趕/追求B（2）Ago(afterB)A追逐B(yǎng).（3）Alook(afterB) A照顧B.（4）Amodel(afterB)A以B為榜樣、原型；A效仿B（5）Aname

(afterB) A用B作名字.（6）Arun(afterB)A追求/追趕/追逐B(yǎng).（7）A

search

(afterB) A研究B.（8）Asee

(afterB) A照顧B（9）Aseek

(afterB) A尋找B.（10）Atake(afterB) A與B相像.二、（after+名詞）（1）(after

a

while) 過(guò)了一會(huì)，不久（2）(afterall) 畢竟；終究（3）(afterone’sownheart)正合...的心意；5、against【原始含義】a-g-a“相對(duì)”【引申含義】[prep]（1）碰著、靠著touching,closetoorhittingsb/stheg:Shewasleaningagainstatree.（2）反對(duì)opposingordisagreeingwithsb./stheg:Weshouldfightagainstcrimes.（3）預(yù)防inordertopreventsthfromhappeningeg:Savemoneyagainstarainyday.未雨綢繆（4）違反（違反法律、制度）eg:Itisagainstthelawtohunttigers.（5）不利于nottotheadvantageorfavorofsb./stheg:Whathesaidisagainsthim.（6）映襯withsthinthebackgroundasacontrastEg.Theredflagstoodoutclearlyagainstthebluesky.（7）和…相比incontrasttostheg.Youmustweighthebenefitsagainstthecost.【常見(jiàn)搭配】一、動(dòng)詞+(against+名詞)（1）act(againststh) 違反...（2）argue(againststh)為...而爭(zhēng)辯/據(jù)理反對(duì)（3）compete(againstsb)與某人比賽/競(jìng)爭(zhēng)/對(duì)抗（4）decide(againststh/doingsth) 考慮后不做某事/聲明反對(duì)某事（5）declare(againstsb/sth)表態(tài)反對(duì)...（6）fight(againststh) 反對(duì)…；與...做斗爭(zhēng)（7）go(againststh) 違反…（8）inform(againstsb)告發(fā)、檢舉某人（9）lean(againststh) 靠著某物/斜靠某物（10）offend(againststh) 違犯…（11）press(againststh) 壓在…上（12）protect

(against

sth)

保護(hù)免受…的傷害（13）prepare

(against

sth) 防備…（14）strike(againststh)罷工抗議...（15）struggle(againstsb/sth)與...搏斗/反抗（16）turn

(againststh) 背叛…（17）vote

(againststh) 投票反對(duì)…（18）warnsb

(againststh)

提醒某人提防某事二、be+adj+(against+名詞)（1）beprejudiced(againstsb/sth)對(duì)...持有偏見(jiàn)（2）beproof(againststh)可防止…的（3）beset(againststh) 堅(jiān)決反對(duì)...6、around【原始含義】a+round“A在一個(gè)圓里面（在一定范圍內(nèi)）”【引申含義】[prep]（1）在…周圍,圍繞surroundingsb/stheg:Therearemanybarsaroundthetown.（2）在附近，到處inortomanyplaceseg:Ishowedhimaroundourcampus.[adv]（1）大約approximatelyeg:Therearearound1000peoplewatchingthegame.（2）在周圍eg:Howcanyoumakethewheelgoaround?（3）在附近、到處eg:Iranaroundtofindhim.【常見(jiàn)搭配】作介詞時(shí)一、動(dòng)詞+(around+名詞)（1）center(aroundsth) 以...為中心,集中于...（2）look(aroundsth) 環(huán)顧...；游覽...；（3）wrap(aroundsth) 纏繞?。?；環(huán)繞...；二、around+名詞（1）(aroundthecorner) ...靠近、臨近、快來(lái)了；（2）(aroundtheclock)日夜不停地；夜以繼日地作副詞時(shí)名詞+動(dòng)詞+aroundsbgazearound 某人向四周看，環(huán)視（2）sthgetaround某事（尤指消息、謠言等）走動(dòng)、流傳sb/sthturnaround 某人或某物轉(zhuǎn)身7、at【原始含義】“在場(chǎng)所，時(shí)間上的一點(diǎn)”【引申含義】prep.（1）小地點(diǎn),或小時(shí)間點(diǎn)usedtosaywheresb/sthisorwhensthhappenseg:Usually,heis(athisoffice)(inthemorning).Shewenttoschool(at8o’clock)(inthemorning).（2）在幾歲時(shí)theage(atwhichsbdoessth)eg:Shewasmarried(at23).（3）向，朝某人或某物inthedirectiontowardssb/stheg:Don’tpointatme.knockatthedoor,shootatthetiger,aimattheenemy（4）從相隔…遠(yuǎn)的地方thedistanceawayfromstheg:Canyoureadthatposter(atfiftymiles)?You’dbetterkeephim(atadistance).處于某種狀態(tài)thesituationsb/sthisineg:Mr.Smithis(atlunch).Thecountryis(atwar).Billwas(athisbest)incollege.(atone’sbest:某人的輝煌時(shí)期)在某方面intermsof…eg:Iamnotgood(atfootball).表示引發(fā)某種情緒或動(dòng)作的原因toshowthecauseofstheg:Heshowednosignofpleasure(atseeingher).Iwasdelighted(attheresult)+.【常見(jiàn)搭配】一、動(dòng)詞+(at+名詞)（1）aim(atsth)以…為目標(biāo)；瞄準(zhǔn)…；針對(duì)…；（2）arrive(atsth)到達(dá)某地或某種程度（3）blush(atsth)對(duì)...感到臉紅；（4）come(atsb/sth)攻擊某人；發(fā)現(xiàn)某事（5）fire(atsth)向...開(kāi)火（6）gaze(atsb/sth)凝視,注視...（7）get(atsth)到達(dá),接近...；著手...；暗指...；意知...;（8）glance(atsb/sth)一瞥，掃視...（9）glare(atsb/sth)對(duì)...怒目而視（10）grab/grasp(atsb/sth)抓住...（11）knock(atsth)敲…（12）laugh(atsb)嘲笑某人（13）look(atsb/sth)看…（14）point(atsb/sth)指向/瞄準(zhǔn)/針對(duì)…（15）run(atsb/sth)向某人沖去；達(dá)到某種水平（16）shoot(atsth)朝…射擊（17）shout(atsb)朝某人喊叫（18）smile(atsb)向某人微笑（19）target(atsb/sth)瞄準(zhǔn)…，以…為目標(biāo)（20）wonder(atsth)對(duì)…好奇/對(duì)…感到吃驚（21）yell(atsb)對(duì)某人大喊大叫二、(at+名詞)（1）(attheage)(ofsomenumber)在幾歲（2）(atanaltitude)(ofsomenumber)在某個(gè)高度（3）(atthecost/expense)(ofsth) 以...為代價(jià)（4）(attheend)(ofsth) 在...的結(jié)尾（5）(attherequest)(ofsb) 應(yīng)某人的請(qǐng)求（6）(attherisk)(ofsth/doingsth)冒著的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（7）(atthesight)(ofsb/sth) 一看見(jiàn)（8）(ataspeed)(ofsomenumber) 以...的速度（9）(atthethought)(ofsb/sth) 一想到...（10）(atbirth) 出生時(shí)（11）(atbottom) 其實(shí)，實(shí)際上（12）(atone’scommand) 聽(tīng)候．．．的差遣（13）(atthecorner) 在拐角處（14）(atdawn/daybreak) 在黎明,在拂曉（15）(atadiscount) 減價(jià)、折扣（16）(atfirst) 最初，開(kāi)始時(shí)（17）(athand) 在手邊，即將發(fā)生（18）(athome) 在家/國(guó)內(nèi)（19）(atlarge) 自由，逍遙法外（20）(atlength) 詳細(xì)地（21）(atlast) 最后，終于（22）(atleast) 至少，起碼（23）(atleisure) 有空，閑暇時(shí)（24）(atthemoment) 現(xiàn)在，眼下...（25）(atanyprice) 不惜任何代價(jià)，無(wú)論如何（26）(atonetime) 過(guò)去，曾經(jīng)，一度（27）(atthesametime) 同時(shí)（28）(atwork) 在工作三、be+adj+(at+名詞)（1）beangry(atsb/sth) 對(duì)...生氣（2）becompetent(atsth) 在...方面有能力（3）bedelighted(atsth) 對(duì)...感到非常高興（4）bedisappointed(atsb/sth) 對(duì)...感到失望（5）bedissatisfied(atsb/sth) 對(duì)...不滿意（6）beexpert(atsth/doingsth)專長(zhǎng)，擅長(zhǎng)于，精通（7）beskilled(atsth/doingsth) 在...方面有技能，熟練（8）begifted(atsth/doingsth)在...有天賦（9）begood(atsth/doingsth)擅長(zhǎng)...（10）behopeless(atsth/doingsth)對(duì)...感到絕望；對(duì)...一籌莫展（11）bemad(atsb/sth)對(duì)..憤怒（12）besurprised(atsb/sth)對(duì)...感到吃驚（13）beterrfied(atsth/doingsth)被...驚嚇（14）beweak(atsth/doingsth)在...方面欠缺，差8、before【原始含義】be+fore“在…之前“（時(shí)間、空間、順序）”【引申含義】prep.（1）時(shí)間上earlierintimeeg:Pleasecomeback(before10:00pm).（2）空間上earlierinpositioneg:Don’tputthecart(beforethehorse).（3）順序上earlierinorderorarrangementeg:Healthshouldcome(beforewealth).當(dāng)（某人）面inthepresenceofsbeg:Shechargedhimofmurder(beforethejury).【常見(jiàn)搭配】：一、動(dòng)詞+(before+名詞)（1）Acome(beforeB) A在B之上，比B更重要（2）complain(beforesb) 在某人面前控訴

（3）go(beforesb) 出現(xiàn)在某人面前（4）put/setA(beforeB)把A看的比B重要（5）stand(beforesb/sth) 站立在…前面

二、（before+名詞）（1）(beforeday) 破曉之前（2）(beforelong) 不久以后（3）(beforeone'seyes) 當(dāng)著某人的面（4）(beforetime) 提前（5）(beforethewind) 順風(fēng)（6）(beforetheworld) 在眾人面前9、behind【原始含義】be+hide“在…之后”【引申含義】[prep]（1）空間上，在…后面atthebackofsb/stheg:Adogisrunning(behindus).Adogisrunning(afterus).是產(chǎn)生…的原因responsibleforstatingordevelopingstheg:Theremustbesomeone(behindit).What’s(behindthathappysmile)?（3）時(shí)間上，在之后sthisinthepasteg:NewYorkis12hours(behindBeijing)(intime).(4）能力上，在之后makinglessprogressthansb./stheg:He’s(behindtherestofothers)(inreading).（5）支持，贊成givingapprovalofstheg:Mymotherisalways(behindme)(whateverdecisionImake).[adv]在后面，在遠(yuǎn)處eg:Sherode(alongthestreet)(withherdog)(runningbehind).作介詞時(shí)：一、動(dòng)詞+(behind+名詞)（1）fall/lag(behindsb/sth) 落在…后面（2）go(behind

sth) 進(jìn)一步斟酌…Theywillgobehindthedecision.二、（behind+名詞） （1）(behindbars) 在獄中（2）(behindsb’sback) 在背后（3）(behindtheschedule/time) 晚點(diǎn)、推遲（4）(behindthetimes) 過(guò)時(shí)、落伍作副詞時(shí)：（1）sbstay/remainbehind某人（在他人走后）逗留，留下（2）sbwaitbehind某人（在別人走后）留下（3）leavesth/sbbehind忘帶，留下某物；超越某人10、beside【原始含義】be+side“在…邊上”【引申含義】prep.（1）在...旁邊nextto…;bythesideof…eg:atown(besidethesea)Shesat(besidetheteacher).（2）與...相比comparedwitheg:Myworkissopoor(besideyours).【常見(jiàn)搭配】beside+名詞（1）(besideoneself) 高興的不得了（2）(besidethepoint)離題，不中肯；與…無(wú)關(guān)11、besides【原始含義】beside+s“除…外，還有…”inadditiontosb/sth[prep]eg:Thereweretwootherstudents(intheclassroom)(besidesTom).【常見(jiàn)搭配】besides+名詞/動(dòng)名詞eg:Wehavealot(incommon)(besidesmusic).(Besidesworking)(asadoctor),healsowritesalotofstories.12、between【原始含義】be-two-in“在兩者之間”【引申含義】prep.（1）空間、時(shí)間、順序、等級(jí)上，在兩者之間inthemiddleoftwothingsintermsofspace,time,order,classetc.eg:(Betweentwostrangebuildings)standsatree.Hisageis(betweensixtyandseventy).（2）表示兩者之間的某種關(guān)系toshowaconnectionorrelationshipeg:Hehastodecide(betweenlifeanddeath).Thereisagreatdifference(betweenthetwoarticles).Youshouldlearnbetweenlines（字里行間）.（3）合用、共享sharedbytwoormorepeopleorthingseg:Thisisasecret(betweenyouandme).（僅在我們倆之間）.Wedrankabottleofwine(betweenus).【常見(jiàn)搭配】一、動(dòng)詞+(between+名詞)（1）drawacleardividingline(betweensth) 明顯區(qū)分…（2）makeadifference(betweensb/sth) 區(qū)別對(duì)待…（3）read(betweenlines) 讀出字里行間的言外之意（4）stand(betweensth/sb) 阻礙…二、名詞+(between+名詞)（1）balance(betweenAandB)A和B的均衡Weshouldalwaysconsiderthebalance(betweencostandbenefit).（2）connection(betweensth/sb) 某人或某物之間的聯(lián)系13、beyond【原始含義】be+yond“（在彼處）“在…之外”【引申含義】：prep.在…較遠(yuǎn)的一邊onthefurthersideofstheg:Thevillageisbeyondthemountain.時(shí)間上晚于…laterthanaparticulartimeeg:Itwon’tgoon(beyondmidnight).超出某人的能力范圍，非…所及fartooadvancedforsbeg:Thebagis(beyondmyreach).（4）表示…是不可能的tosaythatsthisimpossibleeg:Thebicycleis(beyondrepair).【常見(jiàn)搭配】一、(beyond+名詞)（1）(beyondone’sability/strength/power) 超越某人的能力（2）(beyondbelief)難以置信（3）(beyondcomparison)無(wú)法比喻（4）(beyondcure) 無(wú)可救藥（5）(beyondcontrol) 無(wú)法控制（6）(beyonddoubt/suspicion)不容置疑（7）(beyondone’swildestdreams)做夢(mèng)也想不到（8）(beyondone’sendurance)無(wú)法忍受（9）(beyondexpression) 無(wú)法表達(dá)（10）(beyondimagination) 超出想象（11）(beyondmeasure) 無(wú)法估量（12）(beyondpraise) 贊美不完，稱贊不絕（13）(beyondprice) 極其珍貴，無(wú)價(jià)的（14）(beyondone’sreach) 在某人夠不著的地方（15）(beyondreason) 不合理（16）(beyondrecognition)難以認(rèn)出（17）(beyondrepair) 無(wú)法修復(fù)（18）(beyondtheseas)到海外（19）(beyondunderstanding) 難以理解（20）(beyondwords) 無(wú)法形容Sheisverybeautiful.Sheiselegant.Herbeautyisbeyondwords.（21）(beyondsb) 為某人所不能理解二、動(dòng)詞+(beyond+名詞)（1）go(beyondsth) 超出...,超過(guò)...（3）see(beyondsth) 預(yù)料...；預(yù)見(jiàn)...14、by【原始含義】“在旁邊”【引申含義】prep.（1）在…旁邊atthesideofeg:Wepreferatable(bythewindow).（2）不遲于，在…之前beforeeg:Wehavestudiedseveralprepositions(bynow).Ishallhavefinishedthework(bythetimeyoureturn).（3）表示方式inwhichwaysthisdoneeg:Igotoschool(bybus).（4）通過(guò)…;根據(jù)…accordingtostheg:Hecantellthedirection(bythestars).Don’tjudgeaperson(byhislooks).（5）按…計(jì)算thedegreeoramountofstheg:Eggsareusuallysold（bydozen）.Thetemperaturehasrisen（by5degrees）.（6）由于…asaresultof…eg:Theymet(bychance).Ididit(bymistake).（7）被…usedeg:Hewasshocked(bywhathehadseen).表示觸及或抓住人物的部分usedtoshowthepartofsbthatanotherpersoncatcheseg:Iseizedher(bythehair).表示逐步推進(jìn);theratesthhappenseg:Heismakingprogress(daybyday).以…的名義inthenameofeg:Iswear(byAlmightyGod)(thatIwillneverbetraymycountry).adv.經(jīng)過(guò)pasteg:Timegoesbyquickly.Hehurriedby(withoutspeakingtome).短暫拜訪eg:Pleasedropby(whenitisconvenient)(foryou).【常見(jiàn)搭配】作介詞時(shí)：一、by+名詞（1）(byaccident/chance)偶然地（2）(bycoincidence)巧合地（3）(byallmeans) 想盡一切辦法、一定要（4）(bymeans)(ofsb/sth)借助于…（5）(bynomeans)絕不，一點(diǎn)兒也不（6）(byappearance) 從外表（7）(bycomparison)相比之下（8）(bycontrast)對(duì)比之下（9）(bydefinition)根據(jù)定義，實(shí)質(zhì)上（10）(byhand)人工地（11）(byheart)靠記憶，背誦（12）(bymistake) 錯(cuò)誤地（13）(bynature)天性上，本質(zhì)上（14）(byturns) 輪流地（15）(bytheway) 順便說(shuō)一下二．動(dòng)詞+（by+名詞）（1）come(bysth)(尤指通過(guò)努力）獲得…;偶然得到…（2）go(bysth)順便走訪…（3）judgesb/sth(bysth)通過(guò)…判斷，斷定某物或某人（4）live(bysth)以...為生計(jì)；遵守，遵循…（5）pass(bysth) 經(jīng)過(guò)…；不考慮，回避…（6）profit(bysth)從…中獲益（7）swear(bysb/sth)極其信賴某人；對(duì)某物發(fā)誓（8）takesb(bysth)抓住某人的某個(gè)部位（9）tell(bysth)根據(jù)…判斷，推斷三、be+過(guò)去分詞+（by+名詞）（1）becharacterized(bysth)以…為特征（2）bedisgusted(bysth)對(duì)…厭惡（3）bedistracted(bysb/sth)精力被…分散（4）bereplaced(bysb/sth)被…取代四、名詞+by+名詞（1）bitbybit 一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地，逐漸地（2）daybyday 一天一天地，逐日（3）inchbyinch一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地（4）littlebylittle 逐漸（5）onebyone 一個(gè)接一個(gè)（6）sidebyside 并肩（7）stepbystep 按部就班地（8）yearbyyear 年年，逐年作副詞時(shí)：名詞+動(dòng)詞+by（1）sbdropby 某人順便訪問(wèn)（2）sbgetby 某人勉強(qiáng)接受；設(shè)法勉強(qiáng)生存（3）sbstandby某人袖手旁觀（4）sbstopby（順便）過(guò)訪，串門(mén)15、despite【原始含義】“盡管、不顧”=inspiteofeg:Theoldprofessorkeptonworking（despitehispoorhealth）.【常見(jiàn)搭配】prep.（1）despitesth/doingsth盡管某事，盡管做了某事eg:Hefailed（intheexam）（despitealltheefforts）.（Despiteapplyingforhundredsofjobs）,heisstilloutofwork.（2）despitethefactthat+句子盡管事實(shí)是…eg.ShekeptlearningFrenchdespitethefactthatshefounditdifficult（3）despiteoneself盡管不愿意eg.Hehadtolaughdespitehimself.16、down【原始含義】“向下”【引申含義】[prep](1)表示自上而下，向下，往下fromtoptobottomeg:Inordertocatchthebustheyrun(downthehill).Tearsrundownherfacequietly.(2)沿著河、沿著路alongeg:Hewalkeddowntheroad.Wesaileddowntheriver.[adv]向下，朝下tooratalowerplaceeg:Helookeddown(ather).（數(shù)量、力量等）減弱，降低toshowthattheamountorstrengthofsthislowereg:Hefinallysettledown(inFlorida).向南方，在南方toorinthesouthofacountryeg:Theyflewdown(toTexas).（寫(xiě)）在紙上；（列）在表格上onpaper,onalistEg:Haveyougotmedown(forthetrip)?【常見(jiàn)搭配】作副詞時(shí)：一、動(dòng)詞+（名詞）+down（1）blowsthdown 刮倒，吹倒...（2）breaksthdown 摧毀；克服（3）burnsthdown 燒毀...（4）closesthdown 關(guān)閉...（5）cutsthdown 砍伐...；縮減...（6）holdsthdown 阻止，控制（7）keepsth/sbdown 控制；壓迫...（8）knocksb/sthdown 撞擊，撞倒...（9）marksthdown 記錄，寫(xiě)下...（10）narrowsthdown 縮小...（11）notesthdown 記錄，寫(xiě)下...（12）passsthdown 傳遞...（13）settlesbdown 使...平靜/安靜下來(lái)（14）letsbdown 讓某人失望（15）turnsthdown 拒絕...（16）writesthdown 記下...二、名詞+動(dòng)詞+down（1）sthbreakdown 某物壞了（2）sbcalmdown某人冷靜下來(lái)（3）sthcomedown某物掉下來(lái)，下跌（4）sthcooldown某物冷卻（5）sth/sbfalldown某物坍塌；某人失敗（6）sthgodown某物落下，沉下（7）sbkneeldown某人跪下（8）sblookdown某人向下看（9）sblookdown(onsb/sth)某人瞧不起...（10）sthpourdown（雨水等）傾瀉（11）sb/sthslowdown...減速17、during【原始含義】“在…期間”allthroughaperiodoftimeeg:Notaworddidtheysay(duringthemeal).Ihaven’thadanymeat(duringthelastseveralyears).IsawLinda(duringthemeeting).18、except【原始含義】ex-cept“拿出來(lái)”，takeout,除…以外eg:EveryonewashereexceptTom.【注意】besides表示“加”，except表示“減”【常見(jiàn)搭配】（1）exceptforsth 除……之外;除去…（2）except(that+句子) 除了…（3）nothing(exceptsth) 只有…19、for【原始含義】“特定的某一方面”因?yàn)闉榱诉^(guò)多久【引申含義】prep（1）表示某一特定目的meanttobegivento...eg:Iboughtagiftforyou.Heplannedtowritesomestoriesforchildren.Youhavewonhonorforourcountry.Manypeoplecomehereforthebeautifulsceneryeveryyear.Thegovernmentprovideswaterandfoodforthepoverty-strickenareas.（2）表示某一特定方向（車、船等）；往，向，朝著...towards...eg:Shehasleft（forLondon）.ThebusisforShanghai.Passengers（forTianjin）changeatBeijing.（3）表示某物特定的價(jià)值、數(shù)量thepriceof...eg:Ipaid5dollars(forthatbook).Herentthehouse(tome)(for3000yuanpermonth).（4）在某一特定方面，當(dāng)做，作為aseg:Iwillkeepit(forasouvenir).Mostofthemuseumshavebeenused(foroffices).Don’ttakeothers’kindness(forgranted).AtakeBforgranted.（5）表示特定的原因：因?yàn)?，由?..Becauseof...eg:Bejingisfamous(foritslonghistory).Iwasgrateful(toyou)(forwhatyouhaddone).Hewascriticized(forthecarelessattitude).Forgiveme(forkeepingyouwaiting)(foralongtime).（6）表示在某一特定方面或出于某種特定原因的贊成、支持insupportof...eg:Ivote(forMr.Li).Ourmanageris(forcuttingdownproductioncost).表示特定時(shí)間或距離certainlengthoftimeordistanceeg:WehavelearnedEnglish(forsixyears).Ihaven’tseenyou(forages).Thatafternoonwewalked(formiles)(alongtheriver).（8）在某一特定方面的影響，對(duì)于...inregardtoeg:Shehasagoodtaste(formusic).Hehasanaturalgift(fordrawing).Dickensshowsgreatsympathy(forthepoor)(inhisnovels).It’sgood(foryou)(todoexerciseregularly).（9）就...而言，考慮到...consideringeg:Sheissmall(forherage).Hismaturityseemsunsuitable(foraboyofsixteen).It’squitefineweather(forspring).【常見(jiàn)搭配】一、動(dòng)詞+(for+名詞)（1）answer(forsth) 為...負(fù)責(zé)（2）appeal(forsb) 出庭為...辯護(hù)（3）argue(forsth) 為...爭(zhēng)辯（4）ask(forsth) 請(qǐng)求要…（5）charge(forsth/doingsth)為...要價(jià)，收費(fèi)（6）compete(forsth) 為...競(jìng)爭(zhēng)（7）account(forsth) 解釋，說(shuō)明...（8）allow(forsth) 考慮到...（9）call(forsb/sth) 去接某人；需要某物（10）care(forsb/sth) 喜歡，想要...（11）dig(forsth) 尋求…（12）enter(forsth) 報(bào)名參加...（13）go(forsb/sth) 進(jìn)攻某人；喜歡，想要某物（14）head(forsomeplace)朝某地前進(jìn)（15）leave(forsomeplace)出發(fā)前往某地hope(forsth) 期待，希望long(forsth) 渴望...look(forsth/sb) 尋找...hunt(forsth) 追尋，獵取search(forsb/sth) 搜尋...pay(forsth) 為...付款，為...付出代價(jià)prepare(forsth) 為...準(zhǔn)備send(forsb) 派人去請(qǐng)...sign(forsth) 簽收...stand(forsth/sb) 代表，象征；容忍strive/struggle(forsth)為...而奮斗study(forsth) 攻讀...vote(forsb) 為...投票wait(forsb/sth) 等待...haveanear/eye(forsth)對(duì)...有鑒賞力pavetheway(forsth)為...鋪平道路，掃除障礙be+形容詞+(for+名詞)beambitious(forsth) 對(duì)...雄心壯志的beanxious(forsb/sth) 對(duì)...焦慮的，急切的beappropriate/suitable/fit(forsb/sth)對(duì)適合的becelebrated/famous/noted(forsth)因...而著名的becompetent/qualified(forsth/doingsth)對(duì)...能夠勝任的bedesperate(forsth) 急需要...的beeager/hungry/thirsty(forsth)渴望...的begood(forsb/sth) 對(duì)...有益beintended(forsth) 為...而計(jì)劃的，設(shè)計(jì)的beprepared/ready(forsth) 對(duì)...準(zhǔn)備好的beresponsible(forsth) 對(duì)...負(fù)責(zé)besorry(forsb/sth) 對(duì)...感到惋惜的besufficient(forsb/sth) 對(duì)...是足夠的bepraised(forsth) 因...而受表?yè)P(yáng)beblamed/criticized(forsth)因...而受責(zé)備beconvenient(forsb) 對(duì)...是方便的bepossible(forsb) 對(duì)...是可能的begrateful(forsth) 對(duì)...感激三、名詞+(for+名詞)（1）affection(forsb/sth) 對(duì)...的喜愛(ài)（2）appeal(forsth) 對(duì)...的呼吁（3）appetite(forsth) 對(duì)...的欲望（4）candidate(forsth) ...的候選人（5）capacity/capability(forsth/doingsth)做...的能力（6）cause(forsth) ...的原因四、for+名詞（1）(forthemoment/present) 暫時(shí)，現(xiàn)在（2）(formypart) 就我而言（3）(forpleasure/fun) 為了消遣（4）(forsale) 出售（5）(forexample/instance) 例如（6）(forthesake)(ofsth) 為了...起見(jiàn)；為了…的利益（7）(forfear)(ofsth)/(forfear)(that+句子)以免,唯恐Pleasetaketheumbrella(forfear)(ofrain).（8）Foronething,...Foranother,...一方面,...另一方面，（用來(lái)舉例）20、from【原始含義】“從...離開(kāi)”【引申含義】prep.地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間上從...起始toshowwhereorwhensthstartseg:WhatisthedistancefromBeijingtoShanghai?Heshowedgreatinterestinmusicfromanearlyage.（1）區(qū)別于...distinguishbetweentwopeopleorthingseg:Youshouldlearntotellrightfromwrong.Theycouldnotdistinguishonefromtheother,免遭，免受...toshowthatsthispreventedeg:Hesavedthechildfromdrowning.Treesprotectthecityfromsandstorms.使不做某事，使離開(kāi)keepsthawayeg:Hermotherdiscouragesherfromlivingoutside.（4）由...原料制成eg:Thecoatismadefromnylon.Flourismadefromwheat.(5）原因，根據(jù)thereasonformakingajudgmenteg:Heissufferingfromastomachache.【常見(jiàn)搭配】一、名詞＋(from+名詞)（1）absence(fromsth) 從...中的缺席（2）difference(fromsth) 與...的不同（3）independence(fromsb/sth)從...中的獨(dú)立（5）recovery(fromsth)從...中的康復(fù)二、動(dòng)詞+(from+名詞)（1）arise(fromsth) 由...產(chǎn)生，引起（2）benefit(fromsth) 獲益于...（3）come(fromsth) 出身于...；由...引起（4）date(fromsometime) 始于...時(shí)候（5）die(fromsth) 死于...（6）keep/stop/preventsb/sth(fromsth/doingsth) 阻止...做某事（7）discouragesb(fromsth/doingsth) 使...氣餒，勸阻...不做某事（8）divideA(fromB) 把A和B隔開(kāi)（9）escape(fromsth) 逃脫,逃離...（10）graduate(fromsth) 畢業(yè)于...（11）grow(fromsth) 由...發(fā)展而來(lái)（12）hear(fromsb) 收到...來(lái)信（13）infer(fromsth) 從...推斷（14）judge(fromsth) 根據(jù)～～來(lái)判斷（15）protect/preserveA(fromB)保護(hù)A免受B的傷害（16）keepaway(fromsb/sth) 遠(yuǎn)離...（17）range(fromA)(toB) 范圍為A~B（18）result(fromsth) 歸因于...（19）recover(fromsth) 從..中恢復(fù)（20）releasesb(fromsth) 將某人從...中釋放（21）separateA(fromB) 把A和B分離開(kāi)（22）shelter(fromsth) 躲避...（23）suffer(fromsth) 受...折磨三、be+形容詞＋（from+名詞）（1）beabsent(fromsth) 缺席...（2）bedifferent(fromsth) 不同于...（3）befar(fromsth) 遠(yuǎn)非...（4）beremote(fromsth) 距離...遙遠(yuǎn)（5）besafe(fromsth) 安全，未遭受...（6）befree(fromsth) 不受...的影響（7）betired(fromsth) 因……而疲勞四、其他短語(yǔ)（1）fromplacetoplace 處處（2）frombeginningtoend 從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束（3）fromtimetotime 不時(shí)地，偶爾地（4）fromthebottomofone’sheart 從心底（5）fromnowon 從現(xiàn)在起（6）frombadtoworse 越來(lái)越糟21、in【原始含義】“在...范圍之中”【引申含義】prep（1）在...范圍之中（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)）eg:Wesatdownintheshadeofthetrees.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.（2）在...情緒之中eg:Iamindoubtaboutit.Theyareingreatenthusiasmabouttheproject.（3）在...狀態(tài)之中eg:Youhaveputyourselfindanger.Theireconomywasinchaos.Pleaseputallthebooksinorder.（4）穿著...eg:Thepolicewereallinplainclothes.Iwasinajacketthatday.（5）用...語(yǔ)言eg:TheletterswerewritteninChinese.What’sthisinEnglish?【常見(jiàn)搭配】一、動(dòng)詞+（in+名詞）(1) add(insth) 添加，加入...believe(insb/sth) 相信，信任...break(insb/sth) 插話，打斷...bring(insth) 賺進(jìn)，獲得...call(insb/sth) 召來(lái)...;收回...delight(insth/doingsth) 喜歡做...end(insth) 以...結(jié)尾engage(insth) 參加，