高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-虛擬語(yǔ)氣全總結(jié)

虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（were,did,had）主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形(注意不能是would)主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.①錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句:當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.②if省略句在條件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你來(lái)得早點(diǎn)，你就能趕上公共汽車(chē)。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不能登山去了。③用介詞代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用的介詞有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100萬(wàn)元，你會(huì)做什么？Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,…=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,…沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。④含蓄條件句有時(shí)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。如：Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副詞)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(連詞)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定語(yǔ)從句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(連詞)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式與if從句在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的形式相同。習(xí)題1.Ifmylawyer＿＿＿h(yuǎn)erelastSaturday,he＿＿＿mefromgoing.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedhadbeen,wouldpreventwere,wouldpreventwere,wouldhaveprevented2.Ifit＿＿＿forthesnow,we＿＿＿themountainyesterday.werenot,couldhaveclimbedwerenot,couldclimbhadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedhadnotbeen,couldclimb3.Withoutelectricity(電)humanlife＿＿＿quitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting,ifshe＿＿＿,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome5.Whenthepencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿.常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:ask要求,advise,beg,suggest建議,command命令,demand要求，request請(qǐng)求,insist,require要求,order下令,propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer寧愿,permit,persuade,expect,decide決定,instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老師建議我們不要離開(kāi)教室。Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他堅(jiān)持她馬上就做。在Itis/was+上述動(dòng)詞的-ed形式+that從句中ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞以其名詞形式出現(xiàn)，并且被用作主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句或者同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建議我們明早動(dòng)身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff2.在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容詞+that從句中，常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)形容詞有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要參加會(huì)議。Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必須按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that從句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.練習(xí)題1.Iinsistthatadoctor＿＿＿immediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentfor2.Themanagerofthehotelrequests(要求)thattheirguests(客人們)＿＿＿after11:00p.m..A.nottoplayloudmusicB.shouldn’tplayloudmusicC.don’tplayloudmusicD.couldn’tplayloudmusic3.Mike’suncleinsists＿＿＿inthishotel.A.stayingnotB.nottostayC.thathewouldnotstayD.thathenotstay4.Itwasessential(重要的)thattheapplicationforms(申請(qǐng)表)＿＿＿backbeforetheheadline(截止日期).A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent5.Itisnecessary＿＿＿thedictionaryimmediately.A.thathewillreturnB.thathereturnedC.thathereturnD.thathehastoreturn6.Itisproposed(建議)thatthematter(事情，事件)＿＿＿discussedatthenextmeeting.A.willbeB.wasC.wouldbeD.be7.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagerthatradios＿＿＿after11o’clockatnight.A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayedC.nottoplayD.didnotplay8.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion＿＿＿.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff9.Idon’tthinkitadvisable(明智的，可取的，適當(dāng)?shù)?thatTom＿＿＿tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned10.Itisessential(必要的，重要的)thatthebooksyouborrowedfromthelibrary＿＿＿backbeforethedeadline(截止日期).A.besentB.wouldbesentC.weresentD.mustbesent11.Heinsistedthathisfather＿＿＿withthem.A.goB.willgoC.willbegoingD.went12.Theworkersdemanded()thattheirwages()＿＿＿by20percent.A.raisedB.raiseC.shouldhavebeenraisedD.beraised13.Atthemeetingeverybodywasagainsthissuggestionthatanewbridge＿＿＿overtheriver.A.bebuiltB.mustbebuiltC.wastobebuiltD.hadtobebuilt虛擬語(yǔ)氣(3)——虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法在wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)IwishIwerealittleyounger.我希望我能夠年輕一點(diǎn)。對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)或“would/could+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”IwishIhadbeenthere.我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)在那里。IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.在ifonly感嘆句中表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬)但愿雨能停。IfonlyIweretaller.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)我的個(gè)子要是能高一點(diǎn)就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!(對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬)要是我聽(tīng)從了你的建議就好了！在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑，謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)Ireallydon’tlikethewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.我真的非常討厭你和我說(shuō)話的方式。你聽(tīng)起來(lái)就好像是我爸爸。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)Hekepttellinguswhathadhappenedasifhehadbeentherehimself.他不停地和我們講發(fā)生的事情，好像他當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)一樣。有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，這時(shí)表示較大的真實(shí)性或可能性Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.天變黑了，似乎就要下雨了。ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.他好像去過(guò)美國(guó)。在wouldrather結(jié)構(gòu)中wouldratherdosth.表示將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿自己做某事”Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.我想明天去那里。Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.他今晚不想在家呆著。wouldratherhavedonesth.表示過(guò)去的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿自己過(guò)去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做”Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.她覺(jué)得真是不該去參加那個(gè)晚會(huì)。wouldrathersb.Did表示的是將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿讓另外一個(gè)人做某事”Don’tcometomorrow.I’dratheryoucamenextweekend.明天就別來(lái)了，我希望你下周末過(guò)來(lái)。wouldrathersb.haddone表示過(guò)去的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿別人過(guò)去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做”Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書(shū)還了。在Itis(about,high)time+(that)從句中從句中用過(guò)去時(shí)，表示早該做而未做的事，并含有建議的意味。Itishightimethatwebegantowork.咱們應(yīng)該開(kāi)始干活了。練習(xí)題1.IwishI＿＿＿youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee2.Ifonlyhe＿＿＿quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldn’tsuffer(忍受痛苦)somuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldn’tlie3.HowIwisheveryfamily＿＿＿alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad4.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!ifonlyI＿＿＿youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed5.Hedidn’tgototheparty,buthedoeswishhe＿＿＿there.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe6.IwishI＿＿＿longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept7.Jackwishesthathe＿＿＿businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A.hadstudiedB.studyC.studiedD.hadbeenstudying8.It’salreadyfiveo’clocknow.Doyouthinkit’sabouttime＿＿＿?A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohomeC.wewenthomeD.wecangohome9.“Youareveryselfish（自私）.It‘shightimeyou＿＿＿thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Jimsaidtohisbossangrily.A.realizedB.haverealizedC.realizeD.shouldrealize10.Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou＿＿＿onbusinessfirst.A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone11.I’dratheryou＿＿＿makeanycomment(評(píng)論)ontheissue(問(wèn)題)forthetimebeing(目前)A.don’tB.wouldn’tC.didn’tD.shou