2019年12月英語四級閱讀理解習題及答案(一)

2019年12月英語四級閱讀理解習題及答案(一)Merchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserverforeverypersonaboardandinmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnitedStatesrequirements,lifepreserversmustdesign,reversiblecapableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.Sufficientbuoyancy(浮力)tosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48hoursinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbemadeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonfire.?Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewaterismostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttouninitiatedpersonseveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditions,whichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelifebereversiblethatitisnearlyimpossibletogetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingandtheself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifealsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,norsoburdensomethatithindersapersoninthewaterwhiletryingtoswim.1.Thepassageismainlyabout____.A)theusesoflifepreserversB)thedesignoflifepreserversC)thematerialsforlifepreserversD)thebuoyancyoflifepreservers2.Accordingtothepassage,alifebefirstofall____.A)adjustableB)comfortableC)self-evidentD)self-righting3.UnitedStatesCoastGuarddoesNOTrequirethelifepreservertobemade____.A)withasfewstringsaspossibleB)capableofbeingwornonbothsidesC)accordingtoeachwearer'ssizeD)comfortableandlighttowear4.By“theuninitiatedindividual”(Para.1,Line.4)theauthorreferstotheperson____.A)whohasnotbeeninstructedhowtousealifepreserverB)whohasalittleexperienceinusingalifepreserverC)whousesalifepreserverwithoutpermissionD)whobecomesnervousbeforeadisaster5.Whatwouldhappenifapersonweresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition?A)Thewaveswouldmovehimbackwards.B)Thewaterwouldchokehim.C)Hewouldimmediatelysinktothebottom.D)Hewouldbeexhaustedorunconscious.參考答案與解析：1.B。文章主要講述了救生衣的設(shè)計。間接題型段首主旨題。C項和D項都是對救生衣設(shè)計中設(shè)計材料的說明。A項為陷阱，指救生衣的用途，即使開頭提到，但范圍不著邊際。故只有B是準確選項。2.D。根據(jù)文章，救生衣首先會自動扶正。事實細節(jié)題。本文第三段主要討論救生衣落水位置，應(yīng)設(shè)計的能“自動扶正”,或稍向后仰。B項是對材料的描述，范圍太窄，而A和C不合題意，所以D是準確答案。3.C。美國海岸巡邏隊不需要救生衣根據(jù)穿戴者的尺寸生產(chǎn)。事實細節(jié)題。A項和B項都涉及method，其相關(guān)部分見最后一段第三句，A，B，D三項都是文章中提及的，C項與本題無關(guān)的內(nèi)容，所以應(yīng)該選C。4.A?！皌heuninitiatedindividual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。語義指代題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，我們可推出“the