高中英語語法-名詞教案及高中英語語法歸納總結(jié)

代詞專項復(fù)習(xí)教案姓名冉智慧年級應(yīng)用部2年級計劃課時數(shù)5節(jié)課題英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專項代詞教 學(xué)目標(biāo)代詞的概念和作用代詞的分類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞了解代詞的種類和正確選擇使用不同種類的代詞難點重點形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的正確使用不定代詞的選擇和使用任教班級課堂教學(xué)內(nèi)容課前檢查作業(yè)完成情況：優(yōu)□良□中□差□建議__________________________________________過程英語語法代詞代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。一．人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格。2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如：Iliketabletennis.（作主語）Doyouknowhim？（作賓語）3.人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：Whosisknockingatthedoor？It’sme.4.人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如：Heisolderthanme.HeisolderthanIam.二．物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。2.形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.Thisisherpencil-box.3.名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。Ourschoolishere，andtheirsisthere.（作主語）IsthisEnglish-bookyours？（作表語）No.Mineisinmybag.I‘vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours？（作賓語）三．指示代詞指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。1.this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如：Thisisapenandthatisapencil．Wearebusythesedays．Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime．2.有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物，例如：Ihadacold.That’swhyIdidn‘tcome.WhatIwanttosayisthis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish．3.有時為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替，例如：TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai．4.this在電話用語中代表自己，that則代表對方。例如：Hello！ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking？四．反身代詞英語中用來表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我們自己”，“你們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。1.作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。Hecalledhimselfawriter．WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish？2.作表語。Itdoesn’tmatter．I‘llbemyselfsoon．Thegirlinthenewsismyself．3.作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。Imyselfwashedtheclothes．（=Iwashedtheclothesmyself.）（作主語同位語）Youshouldasktheteacherhimself．（作賓語同位語）五．不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語?，F(xiàn)將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：1.some與any的區(qū)別1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。Look！Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary.。Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.2）any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。Ifyouhaveanyquestions，pleaseaskme.Thereisn’tanyorangeinthebottle.Haveyougotanytea？3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture？Ican‘tseeany.Ifyouhavenomoney，I’lllendyousome.注意：與some，any結(jié)合的詞如something，somebody，someone，anything，anyone，anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some，any的用法相同。2.few，afew，little，alittle在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作形容詞：含義用法表示肯定表示否定用于可數(shù)名詞afew雖少，但有幾個few不多，幾乎沒有用于不可數(shù)名詞alittle，雖少，但有一點little不多，沒有什么I‘mgoingtobuyafewapples.HecanspeakonlyalittleChinese.Thereisonlyalittlemilkintheglass.Hehasfewfriends.Theyhadlittlemoneywiththem.2）alittle和little也可以用作副詞，alittle表示“有點，稍微”，little表示“很少”。I’malittlehungry.（修飾形容詞hungry）Lethimsleepalittle.（修飾動詞sleep）Mary，goalittlefaster，please.（修飾副詞比較級）Shesleptverylittlelastnight.3.other，theother，another，others，theothers的區(qū)別。用法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個others別人，其他人another（boy）另一個（男孩）other（boys）其他男孩特定theother另一個theothers其余那些人、物theother（boy）另一個男孩theother（boys）其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。Wherearehisotherbooks？Ihaven‘tanyotherbooksexceptthisone.2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“theother”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one。..，theother。..”句型。Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold，theotheris5yearsold.Sheheldarulerinonehandandanexercise-bookintheother.3）other作代詞用時，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some。..。，others。..”句型。Somewenttothecinema，otherswentswimming.Thiscoatistoolarge.Showmesomeothers，please.4）“theothers”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。Wegothomeby4o’clock，buttheothersdidn‘tgetbackuntil8o’clock.In5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one.Youcanseeanothershipinthesea，can‘tyou？Marydoesn’twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowheranotherone？6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。I‘mstillhungryafterI’vehadthiscake.Pleasegivemeanother.4.every與each的區(qū)別。eachevery1）可單獨使用1）不可單獨使用2）可做代名詞、形容詞2）僅作形容詞3）著重“個別”3）著重“全體”，毫無例外4）用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物4）用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物Theteachergaveatoytoeachchild.Eachballhasadifferentcolour.當(dāng)我們說eachchild，eachstudent或eachteacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說everychild和everystudent時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。EverystudentlovestheEnglishteacher.=AllstudentslovetheEnglishteacher.Everychildlikesplaying.=Allchildrenlikeplaying.ourclassonlyTomisEnglish，theothersareChinese.5.all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。AllofuslikeMrPope.我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語）=WealllikeMrPope.（作同位語）Allthewaterhasbeenusedup.（作主語）That‘sallfortoday.（作表語）Whynoteatall（of）thefish？（作賓語）Alltheleadersarehere.（作定語）2）both作代詞。①與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個都”。LucyandLilybothagreewithus.Theybothpassedontheirsticksatthesametime.Howareyourparents？They’rebothfine.②與“of+代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。BothofthemcametoseeMary.Bothofthebooksareveryinteresting.③單獨使用，表示“兩者（都）”。Michaelhastwosons.Bothareclever.Idon‘tknowwhichbookisthebetter，Ishallreadboth.3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。Bothhisyoungersistersareourclassmates.Therearetalltreesonbothsidesofthestreet.六．相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有eachother和oneanother兩種形式。在當(dāng)代英語中，eachother和oneanother沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.（作賓語）Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother？（作賓語）Weoftenborroweachother’s/oneanother‘sbooks.（作定語）Thestudentscorrectedeachother’s/oneanother‘smistakesintheirhomework.（作定語）七．疑問代詞疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow？（作主語）Whatisthat？（作表語）Whoseumbrellaisthis？（作定語）Whomareyouwaitingfor？（作賓語）八．關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有who，whose，whom，that，which.它們在句中可用作主語，表語，賓語，定語。在主句中，它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如：Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.I’mlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter.Withthemoneythathehadsaved，hewentonwithhisstudies.【鞏固練習(xí)】1.Mary，pleaseshow________yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me答案：D。該提考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。在本題中，動詞show的后面要跟雙賓語，空白處缺少一個間接賓語，所以應(yīng)選me。2.What’sonTVtonight？Isthere_________interesting？I’mafraidnot.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything答案：B。該提考查的是不定代詞的用法。這是一個疑問句。在疑問句中，通常用anything。3.________ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each答案：D。該題考查的是不定代詞用法。因為謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式，所以Both和Some都不對。Every不能作主語，所以只有Each合適。4.Whereismypen？Oh，sorry.Ihavetaken_______bymistake.A.yoursB.hisC.mineD.hers答案：A。該題考查的是物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)題干的背景，我們可以判斷出錯拿的鋼筆應(yīng)該是對方的，所以選yours。Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster？測試題1.Is___aboyorgirl?A.sheB.heC.oneD.it2.Theyasked___todothework.A.you,heandIB.you,himandmeC.I,youandheD.me,youandhim3.Someoneisknockingatthedoor,butwhocan____be?A.oneB.heC.sheD.it4.___aheavyrainlastnight.A.TherehadB.WehadC.ItwasD.Thereis5.___is200kilometresfromheretothenaturalpark.Wehavetogotherebycar.A.ThereB.ItC.ThisD.Theplace6.Thebearwasshotin___head.?A.theB.itsC.aD.this7.Heapologizedtomeforhittingme___face.A.ontheB.attheC.intheD.inmy8.Ourroomisbig,but____isbiggerthan____.A.their;ourB.their;oursC.theirs;oursD.theirs;our9.-____isyoursister?-Sheisanurse.A.WhatB.WhichC.HowD.Who10.____hashappenedand____didit?A.Who;whoB.What;whoC.What;whatD.Who;what11.___ofyouwouldliketogowithus?A.WhoB.WhichC.AllD.Both12.____doyouthinkyoushouldhelp?A.WhoseB.WhichC.WhatD.Whom13.We____atthepartylastSunday.A.enjoyedmyselfB.enjoyedourselvesC.enjoymyselfD.enjoyedourself14.Peopleusuallyputsmallpresentsin____stockingonChristmasEve.A.eachotherB.eachothersC.eachother'sD.eachothers'15.-Howmanyapplesdidyourmothergiveyou,LucyorLily?-.A.EachoneB.OneeachC.OneeveryoneD.Onemore16.Theboyrunsfasterthan_______inhisclass.,A.anyoftheboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboyD.alltheboys17.Couldyoudo___forme,please?A.everythingB.nothingC.somethingD.anything18.Asweknow,heis___fool.A.notB.noaC.notanD.no19.___ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital.A.NeitherB.EitherC.BothD.Any20.Bytheway,isthereintoday'snewspaper?A.somethingnewoB.anythingnewC.newsomethingD.newanything21.____hashappened,Iwantyoutotellmeaboutit.A.SomethingB.EverythingC.AnythingD.Nothing22.Thereareforty-fourstudentsinClassOne.Nineteenofthemareboys,___aregirls.

A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.someothers23.MrSmithhastwosons.____isasoldier,___isadoctor.A.One;anotherB.One;otherC.This;theotherD.One;theother24.Therearemanypeopleintheparknow.Someareboating.____arewalkingalongthelake.

A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others25.Theglassisbroken.Goandget____.A.otherB.anotheroneC..othersD.theother26.TherearelotsofEnglishbookshere,and____ofthemiseasytounderstand.A.bothB.all.C.everyD.each27.Ididn'tknowthatyou___would___there.A.be;allB.all;beC.are;allD:all;are28.-Arethesetwobooksinteresting?-Yes,____ofthemareinteresting.A.bothB.allC.eitherD.neither29.Hecouldn'tmakehimselfunderstoodbecause___ofusknewwhathesaid.A.noneB.noC.nobodyD.not30.Ididn'tlikethecrosstalk.____oftheactorswasfunny.A.BothB.AllC.NeitherD.Either31.-Howmanymonkeysdidyouseeinthezoo?A.NeverB.NoneC.NooneD.Nothing32.Theboyhaseatentwobananasalready,buthewanted___.A.afewmoreB.fewmoreC.alittlemoreD.littlemore33.Ididn'tgetanylettersyesterday,buttherewere____thismorning.A.alittleB.fewC.littleD.afew34.Thefilmisn'tinteresting.___peoplelikeit.A.FewB.AlittleC.AfewD.Little35.Hurryup!Thereis____timeleft.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle36.Sorry,Ican'tansweryourquestion.Iknow____aboutthesubject.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew37.Themanmissedthebus.____iswhyhewaslateforthemeeting.A.ItB.ThatC.ThisD.All38.Hehastostayathome.___hehasabadcold.A.ThisisbecauseB.That'swhyC.SoisitD.Thereasonis39.-Howmanybooksarethereonthetable?-Onlyfour.-.

A.ThisisallrightB.That'sallrightC.That'srightD.Itisallright課堂檢測聽課及知識掌握情況反饋_________________________________________________________。測試題(累計不超過20分鐘)_______道；成績_______；教學(xué)需:加快□;保持□;放慢□;增加內(nèi)容□課后鞏固作業(yè)_____題;鞏固復(fù)習(xí)____________________;預(yù)習(xí)布置_____________________教學(xué)反思高中英語語法之小茂解析第一章主謂一致主謂一致(Subject-VerbAgreement)，指”人稱”和”數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系.如:Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball.可分為:語法一致,內(nèi)容一致,就近一致.(一)語法一致原則:即主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù).以下為注意事項:1.單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引導(dǎo)的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù).如:Airaswellaswaterismatter.空氣和水都是物質(zhì).Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.除了兩個仆人外,沒有一個人遲來用餐。2.用and連接的并列主語,如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù),否則用復(fù)數(shù).如:Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具.(兩樣物)用and連接的成對名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個整體,如:breadandbutter(黃油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。3.不定式(短語),動名詞(短語),或從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我們什么時候出去郊游已決定了。4.用連接的并列主語被each,every或no修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming.每個男孩和每個女孩都喜歡去游泳.Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting.沒有老師也沒有學(xué)生開會缺席.Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp.每個男人和每個女人都被請去幫忙。5.eachof+復(fù)數(shù)代詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù).復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each,謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Eachofushassomethingtosay.我們每個人都有話要說。6.若主語中有morethanone或manya/an,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone做主語時,謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù).如:Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球.Morethanonestudentwaslate.不只一個學(xué)生遲到Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一個人來幫助我們。7.none做主語時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù);但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語動詞要用單數(shù).如:Noneofusare(is)perfect.人無完人。Noneofthisworriesme.這事一點不使我著急。8.名詞如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主語時,謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù).如:Hisclothesaregood.但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn)apairof,謂語一般用單數(shù).如:Apairofglassesisonthedesk.桌上有一副眼鏡。9.形復(fù)意單名詞如:news;以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如:physics,mathematics,economics;國名如:theUnitedStates;報紙名如:theNewTimes;書名如:ArabianNight<天方夜談>;以及TheUnitedNations<聯(lián)合國>等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。10.“a+名詞+andahalf“,“oneandahalf+名詞”,“thenumberof+名詞”等作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù).如:Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.參觀了一兩個地點。(二)內(nèi)容一致原則:1.主語中有all,half,most,therest等,以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語時,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如:Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.剩下的自行車，今天出售。60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.這個蘋果的60%都被這個小男孩吃了。Mostoftheappleswererotten.大部分的蘋果都是爛的。Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.這個蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2.不定數(shù)量的詞組,如:partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù).如:Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.一小部分教科書已運到。Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig.這個蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。3.加減乘除用單數(shù).如:Fifteenminusfiveisten.15減去5等于10。4.表示時間,金錢,距離,度量等的名詞做主語時,盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式,它們做為一個單一的概念時,其謂語動詞用單數(shù).如:Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一個相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5.(1)通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包括police,people,cattle等,這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如:TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.(2)通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞.包括equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage等.(3)可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包括audience,committee,government,family,enemy,group,party,team,public等.如:Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委員會決定解雇他。6.the+形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物,作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).如:Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.(三)就近原則1.由here,there,where等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中,(有時主語不止一個時)謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致.如:Herecomesthebus公共汽車來了.Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou.給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?你不在這兒的時候,你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2.用連詞or,eitheror,neither….nor,notonly….butalso等連接的并列主語,謂語動詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。如：Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。注意:oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,定語從句的動詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。Theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that./which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的動詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。Maryistheonlyoneofthosepeoplewhokeepspets.瑪麗是唯一一個飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。主謂一致練習(xí)1.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth,therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are/isB.are/areC.is/areD.are2.Halfoftheworkershere_____under30_____.A.is/yearsB.are/yearoldC.is/yearsoldD.are/yearsofage3.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying4.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary_____abouttwothousand.A.areB.hasC.haveD.is5.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.A.areB.isC.wereD.be6.Theaudience_____solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.A.isB.areC.wasD.has7.Thesecretaryandprincipal_____atthemeetingnow.A.arespeakingB.isspeakingC.weremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech8."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/her9.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_____intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleft10.Havingarrivedatthestation,_____.A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleftC.thetrainwasfoundleftD.hefoundthatthetrainhadleft11.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand12.Eitherofyou_____goingtheretonight.A.willB.wasC.isD.are13.Youaswell_____right.A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIare14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was15.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?--Yes.Threehours___,__t,,,,,owaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughfo,,,,,ryouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou16.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_____atthemeeting.A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed17.ItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_____veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichare18.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting19.Threefourthsofthebread_____byBob,andtherestofthebread_____leftonthetable.A.waseaten/wereB.wereeaten/wasC.wereeaten/wereD.waseaten/was20.Thispairofshoes_____.A.isherB.ishersC.arehersD.areher21.There______nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe22.Agroupof______areeating______and______atthefootofthehillA.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheepsgrassesleavesC.sheep;grassleafD.sheepsgrassleafs23.Myfamilyraisealotof_______,includingtwo______.A.cattlescowsB.cowscattleC.cattlecowsD.cow,cattles24.Whathesaysandwhathedoes_______.A.doesnotagreeB.donotagreeC.doesnotagreewithD.notagree25.Theboyandthegirleach______toys.A.havetheirownB.hastheirownC.haveherownD.hasherown26.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe______writerswho______storiesforchildren.A.woman,writesB.womenwriteC.womenwritesD.womanwrite27.Therailwaystationis______fromourschool.A.twohour`sdriveB.twohours`driveC.twohourdriveD.twohoursdrive28.MikeandJohn`s______.A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachersC.fatherareteachersD.fathersareteacher29.Agreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat______undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless.A.isoccurredB.areoccurredC.occursD.occur30._______theclassroomneedstobecleaned.A.EithertheofficesorB.TheofficesandC.BoththeofficeandD.Theofficeand31.Three-fourthsofthehomework______today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished32.Morethan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogrammes______inEngland.A.isB.wasC.areD.be33.______workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople`slivingstandardA.AgreatdealofB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Many34.Therestofthemagazines______withinhalfanhour.A.issoldoutB.aresoldoutC.wassoldoutD.weresoldout35.There______alotofsugarinthejar.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are36.“All______presentandall______goingonwell”,ourmonitorsaid.A.isisB.are,areC.areisD.isare37.YesterdaytheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were.38.Maryaswellashersisters______ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study39.Therich______notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.willD.may40.______canbedone______done.A.All,havebeenB.Allthat,havebeenC.AllhasD.Allthat,hasbeen41.Eitheroftheplans______equallydangerous.A.areB.isC.hasD.have42.Thepolice______themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingD.wassearchingfor43.Yourtrousers______dirty,youmusthave______washed.A.isitB.areitC.arethemD.isthem44.TheOlympicgames______heldeveryfour______.A.isyearsB.areyearsC.isyearD.areyear45.Heistheolyoneofthestudentswho______elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is46.______agoodenoughpriceforthisbookA.TwoyuansareB.TwoyuanareC.TwoyuansisD.Twoyuanis47.Nobirdandnobeast______inthelonelyislandA.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.sees48.Everymeans______preventthewaterfrom______A.areusedtopollutingB.getusedtopollutingC.isusedto,pollutedD.isusedto,beingpolluted49.Eachofthe______intheship.A.passengerhashisownroomB.passengershavetheirownroomC.passengerhavetheirownroomD.sengershashisownroom50.Whatweneed______goodtextbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has51.Whatyousaidjustnow______todowiththematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingB.hassomethingC.hadsomethingD.wassomething52.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother______toattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.isB.areC.aregoingD.have53.Neitherofthenovelswhich______popularwithus______beentranslatedintoChinese.A.arehasB.arehaveC.ishaveD.ishas54.Everyboyandeverygirl______toattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.hopeD.arehoping55._______hasbeendone.A.nety—ninepercentsoftheworkB.HalfofwhathepromisedC.Two-fifthsofthearticlesD.Threequarterofthebusiness答案：1-5BDDDB6-10ABACD11-15ACDAB16-20DBCDB21-25CACBA26-30CBACA31-35CCADC36-40CBCAD41-45BBCBD46-50DBDDB51-55BAABB第三章：非謂語動詞不定式（infinitive）、分詞（participle）、動名詞（gerund）是非謂語動詞，在句子中不能作謂語。以下表格列出了他們各自在句中的作用。（√表示可以在句中擔(dān)任的語法成分，×則表示不可以。）作用種類主語賓語賓語補足語表語定語狀語不定式√√√√√√動名詞√√×√√×分詞××√√√√非謂語動詞在句中的特點、性質(zhì)、用法、區(qū)別及使用注意事項分述如下：第一節(jié)、非謂語動詞作主語可作主語的非謂語形式為：不定式和動名詞。其表達(dá)形式為：不定式：主動態(tài)todo;被動態(tài)tobedone;動名詞：主動態(tài)doing;被動態(tài)beingdone。例1：Toactlikethatisfoolish.例2：Itisimpossibleformetobuythecarwithcash.要我用現(xiàn)金買那輛車是不可能的。例3：Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.例4：——Whatmadeyousolateforworktoday?——Drivingtotheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseofheavytraffic.因為交通擁擠，今早開車上班非常慢。一般說來，動名詞和不定式作主語，可以互換，其意義沒有多大差別，但須注意以下兩點：1．表示具體的，尤其是未發(fā)生的動作，傾向用不定式（如例2）。表示無時限的泛指動作（如例3）或描述當(dāng)時的情況（如例4），傾向用動名詞。2．在下列句型用動名詞作主語Itisnogooddoing.（……沒有用）Thereisnodoing.（……不可能）Itisnogoodarguingwithhim.和他爭論沒有用。Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.=Itisimpossibletoknowwhatmayhappen.練習(xí)：1．（改錯）Asisknown,learnaforeignlanguagewellrequiresgreatefforts.2．（改錯）Thoughflyingballoonsareeasy,balloonistsmustwatchtheweathercarefully.3．（選擇）_______tosunlightfortoomuchwilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.ExposedtoB.ExposingC.HavingexposedD.Beingexposed答案：1．learn→learning原形動詞不能作主語。2．a(chǎn)re→is單個動名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。3.答案D。句義：遭太陽暴曬對皮膚有害。本題考查動名詞作主語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，待選項在句中作主語，又因為人與expose為被動關(guān)系，所以選D。第二節(jié)、非謂語動詞作表語可作表語的非謂語動詞為：不定式，動名詞。1．YourtaskthismorningistodeliverthemailtoProfessorSmith.你今天上午的任務(wù)是把這個郵件送給史密斯教授。（不定式解釋主語內(nèi)容）2．Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.（動名詞解釋主語內(nèi)容）1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.（99全國）A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.分析句子是否正確:Whatwedoisprepareourstudentstofacefiercecompetitionswhentheyentersociety.1、答案B。is后有兩個表語，兩者必須在結(jié)構(gòu)上對稱。第一個表語為不定式tomakelifeeasier，則第二個表語也應(yīng)該為不定式，所以選B。2、正確。當(dāng)主語部分有實義動詞do時，作表語的不定式可以省略to;若沒有實義動詞do,表語中to不能省略。第三節(jié)、非謂語動詞作賓語可作賓語的非謂語動詞為：不定式和動名詞。1．不定式作賓語例1．Hedemandedtoknowthetruth.例2．Thecarfailedtostopattheredlight.那輛轎車看到紅燈沒有停。英語中有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的動詞，只能以不定式作賓語。如：agree（同意），decide,refuse,pretend（假裝），manage（設(shè)法），promise,seem,happen,hope,wish,offertodo（表示愿望）affordtodo（買得起，承擔(dān)得起），bothertodo（特意），choosetodo（愿意或決定）attempt/seektodo（試圖）learntodo（學(xué)習(xí)或?qū)W會）短語wouldlike（love）todo，wouldprefertodo（更愿意），beabouttodo（即將）,介詞but/excepttodo例1）Ihavenochoicebuttogiveuptheplan.2）Therewasnothingwecoulddoexceptwait.注：but/except前有實義動詞do,其后to必須省去請注意以下幾點：1）疑問代詞如what，which；疑問副詞如when,whether（why除外）引導(dǎo)的不定式可作know,decide等的賓語，在意義上相當(dāng)與一個未曾發(fā)生的賓語從句。例1．Wehaven’tdecidedwhatstepstotakenext.→Wehaven’tdecidedwhatstepsweshouldtakenext.2．Ireallydon’tknowwhethertowritetoherorgiveheraphonecall.→Ireallydon’tknowwhetherIshouldwritetoherorgiveheraphonecall.這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作主語和表語例1．Whattodonextremainstobediscussed.下一步該怎么辦有待于討論。例2．Ourdifficultyiswheretogetenoughmoney.2）為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可省去與前邊重復(fù)的動詞原形，而保留“to”。例：——Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithme?——I’dloveto,butIcan’tspareanytimeatpresent.（to后省略了goforapicnicwithyou）3）不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)形式時間概念形式時間概念todo(一般時)1）未發(fā)生2）和謂語動作同時tobedone同左tobedoing(進(jìn)行時)謂語動作發(fā)生時，正在進(jìn)行tohavedone(完成時)發(fā)生在謂語動作之前tohavebeendone同左不定式的進(jìn)行時和完成時常用在下列句型中：seem/appear（似乎）to1）S（人，物）happen（碰巧）topretendtobesaid（據(jù)說）tobethought/supposed/considered/believed（據(jù)認(rèn)為）to2）S（人，物）bereported（據(jù)報導(dǎo)）tobeknown（知道）to請注意：考查不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，主要集中在以上句型中，是高考的重點和熱點。Ihappenedtobestandingnexttohimwhenhefelldown.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspapertohavebeenrobbedinbroaddaylightyesterday.據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貓蠹堉笇?dǎo)，這家銀行昨天在光天化日之下遭到搶劫。Heisknowntohavebeenarrestedbythepolice.人們都知道他曾被警察逮捕過。4）was/weretohavedone；wouldliketohavedonewished（hoped/wanted/intended/meant）tohavedone表示當(dāng)時想做，而實際不能做到Iwastohavepickedyouupattheairport,butIforgotaboutit.IintendedtohavehelpedyououtbutIhadnomoneythen.我當(dāng)時真想幫助你擺脫困境，可是我那時身無分文。2．動名詞作動詞或介詞的賓語Ican’timaginemarryingagirlofthatsort.我很難想象與那種女子結(jié)婚后的情形。Inarrowlymissedbeingkilledinthecaraccident.在那次車禍中我死里逃生。Headmittedhavingstolenmybicycle.他承認(rèn)偷了我的自行車。Thereisnopointinarguinganyfurther.再爭議下去毫無意義。1）下列動詞必須帶動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語：understand（理解），admit（承認(rèn)），keep（on）（繼續(xù)），practise（練習(xí)），finish（完成），imagine（想象），miss（錯過，避免），avoid（避免），escape（逃避），suggest（建議），dislike（討厭），enjoy（喜歡