《化合物的英文命名》課件

PowerPointpresentationontheEnglishnomenclatur目錄IntroductionRulesforNamingCompoundsinEnglishExampleanalysisExercisesandAnswersSummaryandOutlook01IntroductionCourseoverviewThispresentationprovidesanoverviewoftheEnglishnomenclatureofcompounds,includingtheirclassification,namingconventions,andpracticalapplicationsCourseobjectivesBytheendofthispresentation,participantswillhaveaclearunderstandingoftheEnglishnomenclatureofcompoundsandwillbeabletoapplythisknowledgeintheirprofessionalandacademicpursuitsCourseIntroductionUnderstandtheclassificationofcompoundsaccordingtotheirstructureandcompositionRecommendtheimportanceofpropernamingconventionsinscientificcommunicationLearnthebasicprinciplesofnamingcompoundsinEnglishBeabletoapplythelearnedknowledgetocorrectlynamecompoundsaccountedinpracticeLearningobjectives02RulesforNamingCompoundsinEnglishImportanceofstandardizingcompoundnamesEnsuringclarityandconsistencyinscientificcommunicationHistoricaldevelopmentTheevolutionofEnglishnamingconventionsovertime,influencedbyvariousfactorssuchasinternationalcooperationandpracticalityGlobalapplicationThewidespreaduseofEnglishnamingstandardsintheinternationalscientificcommunityOverviewofEnglishNamingIUPACrecommendations01FollowingtheruleslaidoutbytheInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry(IUPAC)fornamingorganicandinorganiccompoundsSystematicnames02Assigninguniquenamestocompoundsbasedontheirstructureandcomposition,followingasetofestablishedrulesandguidelinesShortenednames03UsingabbreviationsorshortenedformsofnamesforcommonknowncompoundsEnglishnamingconventions

AnalysisofcommonproblemsConflictingnamesTheissueofdifferentnamesbeingassignedtothesamecompoundbydifferentauthorsorcommunitiesHomonymsTheoccurrenceofdifferentcompoundssharingthesamename,leadingtopotentialfusionChallengesinupdatingThedifferencesandcontroversiesassociatedwithupdatingandadaptingnewnamingconventionsovertime03ExampleanalysisAlkanesaresaturatedhydrocarbonswiththegeneralformulaCnH2n+2TheyhaveonlysinglebondsbetweencarbonatomsAlkanesAlkenesareunsaturatedhydrocarbonswithoneormorecarboncarbondoublebondsTheyhavethegeneralformulaCnH2nAlkenesAlkynesareunsaturatedhydrocarbonswithoneormorecarboncarbontriplebondsTheyhavethegeneralformulaCnH2n-2AlkynesNomenclatureofhydrocarboncompoundsAlcoholsThesuffix"-alcohol"isusedtonamealcohols,whichhavethegeneralformulaR-OHThealcoholgroupisnamedas"metano"ifthealcoholgrouphasonlyonecarbonatomPhenolsPhenolshaveahydroxidegroupattachedtoanaromaticringTheyarenamedas"phenolalcohol"withthesuffix"-phenol"EthersEthersarenamedas"ether"withthesuffix"-ether"andhavethegeneralformulaR-O-R'NomenclatureofAlcohols,Phenols,andEthersKetonesKetoneshavethegeneralformulaR-CO-R'andarenamedas"oxo"withthesuffix"-ketone"AldehydesAldehydeshavethegeneralformulaR-CHOandarenamedas"formal"withthesuffix"-aldehyde"QuinonesQuinonesarenamedas"quinone"andhavetwocarbonylgroupsattachedtoanaromaticringNomenclatureofaldehydes,ketones,andquinonesAcidshavethegeneralformulaR-COOHandarenamedas"carboxylicacid"AcidsEstershavethegeneralformulaR-COO-R'andarenamedas"ester"withthesuffixEstersAnhydrideshavethegeneralformulaR-CO-OCO-R'andarenamedas"anhydride"AnhydridesNamingofAcids,Esters,andAnhydrideCompoundsAminesAminesarenamedas"amine"withthesuffix"-amine"andhavethegeneralformulaR-NH2NitrocompoundsNitrocompoundshaveoneormorenitro(-NO2)groupsattachedtoanalkyloraromaticringTheyarenamedas"nitro"withthesuffix"-nitro"Namingofamineandnitrocompounds04ExercisesandAnswersNamethefollowingcompoundsusingtheIUPACsystemExercisesNaHSO4Ca(NO3)2Fe2(SO4)3ExercisesNH4ClConvertthefollowingempiricalformulastothemolecularformulaExercisesNa2SMgO2Al2(CO3)3ExercisesN2H4Determinetheoxidationstateofeachmetalioninthefollowingcoordinationcomplex:[Fe(CN)6]4ExercisesNamethefollowingfunctionalgroupsCarboxylicacid(-COOH)ExercisesAlcohol(-OH)Aldehide(-CHO)Amine(-NH2)ExercisesSulfuricacid,disodiumsaltNaHSO4CalciumnitrateCa(NO3)2Iron(III)sulfonateFe2(SO4)3AnswerAnalysisNa2SSodiumsulfideMgO2Magnesiumoxide,alsoknownasmagnesiaNH4ClAmmoniumchlorideAnswerAnalysisAl2(CO3)3:AluminumtricarbonateAnswerAnalysisN2H4:Hydrazine[Fe(CN)6]4-:FerricyanideionCarboxylicacid(-COOH):BenzoicacidAnswerAnalysis03Amine(-NH2):Ethylamine(orammonia)01Alcohol(-OH):Methanol02Aldehide(-CHO):AcetaldehideAnswerAnalysis05SummaryandOutlookSummaryofthiscourseThedifferencesbetweensystematicnamesandtrialnames,aswellascommonnames,andhowtoapplythemcorrectlyinvariouscontextsCoursehighlightsTointroducetheEnglishnomenclatureofcompounds,itsimportance,anditsapplicationinvariousfieldssuchaschemistry,biology,andmaterialsscienceCourseobjectivesLecturesonthebasicprinciplesofcompoundnomenclature,includingsystematicnames,trialnames,andcommonnamesCoursecontentVSReviewthecoursematerialsregularly,practicenamingcompoundsonyourown,andseekhelpfromclassesorteachersifyouaccountantdisciplinesProspectsThis