2024年中考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)

并列連詞1.And、but、or、so祈使句+and/or+一般將來時(shí)Workhard，andyouwillsucceed.Workhard，oryouwillfail.2.Both...and...兩者都（謂語動(dòng)詞一定要用復(fù)數(shù)）Notonly...butalso...不僅...而且...（就近原則）Either...or...2選1（就近原則）Neither...nor...兩者都不（就近原則）就近原則：由靠近謂語動(dòng)詞的主語決定謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞：①系動(dòng)詞：be動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞（look、seem、sound、smell、taste、feel）、表變化類的系動(dòng)詞（get、turn、become）、保持類的系動(dòng)詞（keep、stay、remain）②實(shí)義動(dòng)詞Bothmyfatherandmymother___enjoy___(enjoy)popmusic.Notonlymyfatherbutalsomymother___enjoys___(enjoy)popmusic.NeithermyfriendsnorI____am___(be)goodatMaths.EitherAmyorhercousins____get___(get)highmarks.EitherAmyorhercousins___have___already____got___(get)highmarks.So+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語表示肯定（我也是）Neither+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語表示否定（我也不）——IcanspeakEnglishwell.——SocanI.——Ican’tspeakEnglishwell.

——NeithercanI.——IhavebeentotheGreatWall.——SohaveI.——She/Iplay(s/ed)thepianoverywell.——SodoI./Sodoes(did)she.——Hecanhardlyplaythepiano.——Neithercanhe.Ifyoudon’tgototheparty,neither___will___I.(if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主將從現(xiàn))賓語從句定義：在從句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子連接詞：①that、if、whether注意：that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義，只起到連接主從句的作用。例：Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.老師告訴我們光比聲音傳播得快。②連接代詞：who、whom、whose、what、whichIdon'tbelievewhathesaid.（what在從句中作賓語）Iwonderwhoistalkingtohim.（who在從句中做主語）Iwonderwho/whomheistalkingto.（who/whom在從句中作賓語）IwonderwhoseparentsworkinBeijing.（whose在從句中作定語）③連接副詞：when、where、why、howCanyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave？只能用whether不能用if的情況：①句子中出現(xiàn)or/ornot時(shí)，只能用whether②位于句首，只能用whether③whether+todo，if不可以時(shí)態(tài)：①主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以用任意時(shí)態(tài)（即主現(xiàn)從任意）②主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句用過去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)（即住主過從過）注意：從句如果陳述的是客觀事實(shí)，則仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)語序：從句只能用陳述句語序（即主語+謂語）例：Canyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave？注意連接詞做主語的特殊情況狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句：before、after、when、while、whenever、until、till、assoonas(一...就...)、since(自從)時(shí)間狀語從句除since外，均遵循主將從現(xiàn)、主過從過When、while除主將從現(xiàn)外，一般與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+Since+一般過去時(shí)（主完從過）IhavelearntChinesesinceIwasborn.原因狀語從句：because、since（由于、既然）、asSinceyoucan'tsolvetheproblem,whynotaskyourteacherforhelp.既然結(jié)果狀語從句：如此...以至于...①so...that...（so+adj./adv.）Thegirlissopolitethateveryonelikesher.②such...that（such+n.）Sheissuchapolitegirlthateveryonelikesher.Many/much/little/few只能用so去修飾Little作為“小”的時(shí)候，也可以用such去修飾：suchalittlegirlSo/such...that=too...to=not...enoughtoEg:Thegirlissoyoungthatshecan’tlivealone.

=Sheissuchayounggirlthatshecan’tlivealone.

=Thegirlistooyoungtolivealone.=Thegirlisnotoldenoughtolivealone.目的狀語從句：sothat為了、以便于、那樣的話...=inorderthat+從句=inordertodoEg：Thegirlgetsupearlysothatshecancatchthebus.=Thegirlgetsupearlyinorderthatshecancatchthebus.=Thegirlgetsupearly(inorder)tocatchthebus.定語從句概念：修飾名詞或代詞的從句Thegirlwhowonthegame.先行詞：名詞或代詞連接詞：關(guān)系代詞(在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語)：who(主/賓)/whom(賓)/whose/that/which先行詞是人：who、whom、whose、thatEg：Thegirlwho/thatwonthegame.（缺少won的主語）Thegirlwho/whom/thatImetatthepartyismyneighbour.（met后缺賓語）先行詞是物：whose、that、whichThisisthefactorywhich/thatmyfatherusedtoworkin.（缺in的賓語）關(guān)系副詞：when/where/how/whyThisisthefactorywheremyfatherusedtowork.-Myfatherusedtoworkinthefactory.-Thefactory__which/that__myfatherusedtoworkin.-Thefactory__inwhich=where__myfatherusedtowork.介詞+which=關(guān)系副詞注意：①定語從句沒有what?。。、诮樵~后不能用that?。?！只能用that，不能用which：①先行詞既有人也有物②先行詞被最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)③先行詞為不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)④先行詞被theonly/thevery/thelast修飾時(shí)非限制性定語從句“，”Peter,whomyoumetinLondon,isnowbacktoParis.注意：①“，”后不能用that?。。、诮樵~后面只能用which和whom?。。?！Eg：Mr.Smith,fromwhomIhavelearntalot,isafamousscientist.(learnfromsb.)③只能用which指代前面的整句話或者一件事Eg；Thegirlwonthegame，whichmademeverysurprised.Asisoftenthecase，。。。情況通常是這樣...時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：目前的狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常性行為客觀事實(shí)/真理Be：isamare動(dòng)詞：do（動(dòng)詞原形）does(三單)時(shí)間狀語：every、never、seldom、often、sometimes、usually、always一般過去時(shí)：過去的事實(shí)、動(dòng)作Be：waswere動(dòng)詞：過去式did時(shí)間狀語：once、yesterday、justnow、..ago、last...、theotherday（前幾天）、in+時(shí)間點(diǎn)（in1853）、thismorning一般將來時(shí)Is/am/aregoingto+動(dòng)原/be原Will+動(dòng)原/be原Tomorrowisgoingtoberainy.Hewillbefreenextweek.時(shí)間狀語：Tomorrow、next...、inthefuture、soon（不久以后）、thecoming...、in+一段時(shí)間（intwodays）、thisafternoon\thisevening現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在正在做、最近一段時(shí)間一直做某事（一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作）Is/am/are+doing時(shí)間狀語：now、atpresent\rightnow\rightaway、atthemoment、thesedays、Look!Listen！過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去正在做、最近一段時(shí)間一直做某事（一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作）Was/were+doing時(shí)間狀語：過去某個(gè)確定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、過去一段時(shí)間一般過去時(shí)/過去進(jìn)行+When+一般過去/過去進(jìn)行一般過去時(shí)/過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+While+過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：過去發(fā)生在過去但已經(jīng)完成，對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去結(jié)構(gòu)：Have/hasdone時(shí)間狀語與過去不確定的時(shí)間連用：recently、already、yet、just、before（句末）例：Ihavemetherbefore.Ihavealreadyfinishedmywork.Ihave=I’veShehas=she與頻率、次數(shù)連用：never、ever、twice、threetimes...IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing？與一段時(shí)間連用：since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)、for+一段時(shí)間、sofar（到目前為止）、tillnow=uptonow（直到現(xiàn)在）、over（in）thepast（last）fewyears（在過去的幾年里）必須與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用Suninghasopened.SuNinghasbeenopenfortwoyears.Open——beopenhave/hasbeenopenClose——beclosedhave/hasbeenclosedBuy——havehave/hashadIboughtthemobilephonetwoweeksago.Ihavehadthemobilephonefortwomonths.Borrow/lend——keephave/haskeptDie——bedeadhave/hasbeendeadStart/begin——beonhave/hasbeenonFinish/end——beoverhave/hasbeenoverMarry——bemarriedhave/hasbeenmarriedJoin——beamemberofhave/hasbeenamemberofLeave——beaway（from）have/hasbeenaway（from）Fallasleep——beasleephave/hasbeenasleepFallill——beillhave/hasbeenillCatchacold——haveacoldhave/hashadacoldHave/hasgoneto去了未回——Where'syourfather？——HehasgonetoAmerica.Have/hasbeento去了已回（與頻率次數(shù)連用）IhavebeentotheGreatwalltwice.Have/hasbeenin呆在某地（與一段時(shí)間連用）MaryhasbeeninEuropeforthreemonths.Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since+從句（只能用一般過去時(shí)）Itis/hasbeen2yearssinceIleftzhenjiang.主句（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）+since+從句（一般過去時(shí)）IhavelearntthepianosinceIwas5yearsold.被動(dòng)語態(tài)Be+done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：is/am/are+done一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/were+done一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：willbe+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：have/hasbeen+done形式主語（由于真正的主語太長，為了避免頭重腳輕，用it去代替真正的主語）TolearnEnglishwellisimportantforus.=ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Tosavetheboyiskindofyou.=Itiskindofyoutosavetheboy.For修飾事物of修飾人形式賓語（由于真正的賓語太長，為了避免頭重腳輕，用it去代替真正的賓語）LilyfounditdifficultforhertolearnEnglishwell.句子成分主語S、賓語O（動(dòng)賓/介賓）、謂語V、表語P、賓補(bǔ)OC（補(bǔ)充說明賓語）謂語（謂語動(dòng)詞）：1）系動(dòng)詞：①be動(dòng)詞②感官動(dòng)詞：look、seem、sound、smell、taste、feel③表變化類系動(dòng)詞：turn、get、become④保持類系動(dòng)詞：stay、keep、remain2）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)主謂Thesunrises.S+V主謂賓HeteachesChinese.S+V+O特殊情況：雙賓語HeteachesmeEnglish.=HeteachesEnglishtome.S+V+IO+DO（IO間接賓語DO直接賓語物直人間）主系表S+V+PTheappletastesdelicious.形容詞做表語Sheisastudent.名詞做表語Sheisathome.介詞短語做表語主謂賓賓補(bǔ)S+V+O+OCHewatchesthegirldancing.現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)名詞）做賓補(bǔ)Ioftenhearthegirlsing.動(dòng)詞原形做賓補(bǔ)Hisparentsdon'tallowhimtostayoutlate.不定式做賓補(bǔ)Hegavemeaflower.雙賓語WecallherLily.賓語介詞In+年份in1999——一般過去時(shí)In+一段時(shí)間intwoyears——一般將來時(shí)用howsoon提問howlong提問，用for/about+一段時(shí)間Inthepastfewyears——現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)In+早/中/晚/年/月/季節(jié)Inthemorning/in1997/inJuly/inautumnIn+teens：inhistwenties在他二十多歲的時(shí)候On+星期/具體某一天注意：早中晚前加了修飾詞用onOnMonday/Onthemorningof23thMarch/onahotafternoon/OnChristmasDayAt+年紀(jì)/具體幾點(diǎn)/節(jié)日/正午/午夜Attheageofseven/atseveno'clock/AtChristmas/atnight/atmidnight/atnoon特殊疑問詞Howlong多長時(shí)間用for/about+一段時(shí)間Howsoon多久以后用in+一段時(shí)間將來時(shí)Howoften頻率Howfar距離用for/about+一段時(shí)間+交通方式Howmany提問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量Howmuch①提問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量②提問價(jià)格③對(duì)動(dòng)詞的提問形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞My+名詞mine=my+名詞Your+名詞yours=your+名詞His+名詞his=his+名詞Her+名詞hers=her+名詞Its+名詞/Our+名詞ours=our+名詞Your+名詞yours=your+名詞Their+名詞theirs=+名詞冠詞定冠詞——theThe+形容詞表示一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)，表示一家人TheGreens格林一家人The+樂器不定冠詞——a/anThe+序數(shù)詞，表示第幾A+序數(shù)詞，表示再一、又一Thenumberof...的數(shù)量，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Anumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，許多Agreatdealof+不可數(shù)名詞，許多Plentyof許多，既可以+可數(shù)名詞，也可以+不可數(shù)名詞零冠詞——不加冠詞棋牌類、球類零冠詞一日三餐零冠詞havebreakfast星期/季節(jié)/年/月零冠詞Space（太空）、nature（自然）零冠詞gointospace進(jìn)入太空beclosetonature親近自然祈使句+and/or+一般將來時(shí)Hurryup，oryouwillbelate.Don'tgiveup，andyouwillsucceed.Match物配物Suit顏色、款式、風(fēng)格合適Fit尺寸、大小合適情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can①能力：能夠②許可：可以③用于表示將來的可能性Could①是can的過去式，用法同can②作為獨(dú)立的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，語氣比can更加委婉Can’t①能力：不能②否定猜測(cè)：不可能例子：IsLilyplayingthepiano？No，Itcan’tbeher.couldn't是can的過去式，用法同can用could提問，用can和can't回答用could提問表示過去的能力，用could和couldn'tMust①命令：必須=haveto②肯定猜測(cè)：一定例子：Someoneisplayingthepiano，itmustbeLily.mustn't禁止用must（必須）問，肯定用must，否定用needn't/don'thaveto回答DoIhavetohandinmyreporttoday？Yes，youmust.No，youneedn't或youdon'thaveto.May①肯定猜測(cè)：也許②許可：可以用may提問，用can和can't回答Maynot也許不Need需要①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needdo，否定：needn'tdo②實(shí)義動(dòng)詞needtodo，主語只能是人，否定：don'tneedtodo主語是物，sth.needdoing=sth.needtobedone(=require)例子：Ineedtorepairmycomputer.=Mycomputerneedsrepairing.=Mycomputerneeds