初中英語課件-名詞講解

MiddleSchoolEnglishCourseware-Explanationof目錄CONTENTSClassificationofNounsThenumberofnounsThecaseofanounThenatureofnounsUsageofNouns01ClassificationofNouns0102ProperterminologyExample:"John","NewYork","MountEverest"Propernounsarenamesofspecificpersons,places,orthings.Theyarealwayscapitalized.Commonnounsareusedtorefertoaclassofthingsratherthanaspecificinstance.Example:"car","dog","flower"CommonnounCountablenounsarenounsthatcanbecounted.Theyhavesingularandpluralforms.Example:"book","cat","apple"CountablenounUncountablenounsarenounsthatcannotbecounted.Theydonothaveapluralform.Example:"milk","bread","rice"Uncountablenoun02ThenumberofnounsAsingularnounisaformofanounthatisusedtorepresentasingleobject,person,oridea.Inthesingularform,thenounisnotaccompaniedbyanysuffixesoradditionalwordstoindicatethatitreferstoonlyoneinstanceoftheobject,person,oridea.Thesingularformisalsousedwhenreferringtoaspecificindividualoruniqueentity.singularformThepluralformofanounisusedtorepresentmorethanoneinstanceoftheobject,person,oridea.Toformtheplural,mostnounsadd"-s"or"-es"totheendoftheword,dependingonthetypeofnoun.Somenounshaveirregularpluralforms,whichdonotfollowtheregular"-s"or"-es"pattern.Theseirregularpluralformsmustbelearnedandmemorized.PluralformTherearesomenounsthathavespecialpluralformsthatdonotfollowtheregular"-s"or"-es"pattern.Thesespecialpluralformsareusuallyrelatedtothehistoryororiginoftheword,ortheymaybeinfluencedbyotherfactors.Someexamplesofspecialpluralformsinclude"oxen"(pluralof"ox"),"children"(pluralof"child"),and"women"(pluralof"woman").Specialformsofplural03Thecaseofanoun

NominativecaseNominativecaseisusedwhenthenounisthesubjectofasentence.Itisalsousedwhenthenounisthedirectobjectofaverborpreposition.Example:"Thecatsatonthemat."Inthissentence,"cat"isinthenominativecaseasitisthesubjectofthesentence.Possessivecaseisusedtoshowpossessionorownership.Itisformedbyaddinganapostropheandan's'totheendofthenoun.Example:"Thecat'smat."Inthisphrase,"cat's"isinthepossessivecaseasitshowspossessionofthematbythecat.PossessivecaseThenominativecaseisusedwhenthenounisthesubjectordirectobjectofasentenceorpreposition,whilethepossessivecaseisusedtoshowpossessionorownership.Thenominativecasedoesnotchangetheformofthenoun,whilethepossessivecaseaddsanapostropheandan's'totheendofthenoun.Differencebetweennominativeandpossessivecase04ThenatureofnounsAmasculinenounisanounthatistypicallyassociatedwithmaleindividualsorthings.InEnglish,masculinenounsusuallyendin"-man","-or",or"-er".Forexample,"policeman","actor",and"teacher"aremasculinenouns.masculinenounMasculinenounsareoftenassociatedwithstrength,aggression,andleadership.masculinenoun01she-noun02Ashe-nounisanounthatistypicallyassociatedwithfemaleindividualsorthings.InEnglish,she-nounsusuallyendin"-ess","-a",or"-ie".Forexample,"actress","lady",and"girlfriend"areshe-nouns.03She-nounsareoftenassociatedwithsoftness,delicacy,andnurturing.masculinenounVSAneutralnounisanounthatdoesnothaveaspecificgenderassociation.Itcanbeusedtorefertomale,female,ornon-genderedindividualsorthings.Forexample,"person","child",and"animal"areneutralnouns.Neutralnounsareoftenusedincontextswheregenderisnotrelevantordoesnotmatter.Neutralnoun05UsageofNounsSummaryWhenanounisusedasthesubjectofasentence,ittypicallyappearsatthebeginning,followedbytheverb.Itrepresentstheperson,place,thing,orideathatthesentenceisabout.Example"Thecatsatonthemat."Inthissentence,"cat"isthesubject,representingtheanimalthatissitting.Asthesubject"Whom"isapronounusedastheobjectofaverborpreposition.Itreplacesthenameofapersonorthingandisalwaysintheobjectivecase."Igavethebooktowhom."Inthissentence,"whom"replaces"John,"thepersonwhoreceivedthebook.SummaryExampleWhomSummaryWhenanounisusedwithanadjective,itmodifiesordescribesthenoun'scharacteristicsorqualities.Theadjectiveappearsbeforeorafterthenoun,dependingonthespecificusage.Example"Thebigcat"(adjective"big"modifying"cat")or"Thecatisbig"(adjective"big"modifyingthesubject"cat").adjComplementAcomplementisanounornounphrasethatcompletesthemeaningofaverborotherpartofthesentence.Itp