2024屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)練案25必修5Unit5Firstaid練習(xí)含解析新人教版

2024屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)練案25必修5Unit5Firstaid練習(xí)含解析新人教版必修五Unit5FirstaidⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·山東省濰坊市高三期末)ThesoundthatwokeDamianLanguellat8：15inthemorningwassoloudthatheassumeditcamefrominsidehishouseinWade,Maine.Ashegotuptoinvestigate,heheardanothersound,thisonecomingmostdefinitelyfromoutside.Lookingoutofhisbedroomwindow,henoticedatreeenvelopedinsmokeabout500yardsaway.Acarwaswrappedaroundthetree'sbase,itsengineonfire.Grabbingbucketsofwater,heandhiswiferantothecrashsite.Upclose,theaccidentlookedworse.Thecarwassplitnearlyintwo,andthetreewaswherethedriver'sseatoughttohavebeen,asifplantedthere.Nooneshouldhavesurvivedthiscrash,andyettherewas20-year-oldQuintinThompson,histerrifiedfacepressedagainstthedriver'ssidewindow,invisiblepain.Languelltriedputtingoutthefirewithhisbucketsofwaterbutfailed.Whentheflamesgotintothefrontseats,heknewhehadtogettheyoungmanout.SoLanguellopenedthecar'sbackdoorandclimbedin.Usingapocketknifehe'dbroughtwithhim,hecutthroughThompson'sseatbelt.NowthatThompsonwasfree,Languellpulledhimout,anddraggedhimtosafetybeforetheentirecarwasinflames.ItisempathythatdroveLanguelltohelp,justashesaid,“MyheartgoesouttoThompson.Whenyouarethatclosetothatlevelofhurt,youfeelitsodirectly.”Forhisheroicaction,Languellwasaddedtothelistofreal-lifeheroeschangingtheworld.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。講述了DamianLanguell勇敢救人的英雄事跡。1．Wherewasthefirstsoundactuallyfrom？BA．Ahouseonfire. B．Acarcrash.C．Thebedroomwindow. D．Thebasement.解析：推理判斷題。由第一段后面三句話可知，該聲音事實(shí)上來自于汽車撞車事故。2．WhatdoweknowaboutQuintinThompson？BA．Hesavedhiscarfromfire.B．Hewassuccessfullyrescued.C．Heremainedcalmallthetime.D．Hewascapableofhelpinghimselfout.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后一句話“NowthatThompsonwasfree,Languellpulledhimout,anddraggedhimtosafetybeforetheentirecarwasinflames.”可知，Thompson被成功救了出來。3．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“empathy”underlinedinthelastparagraph？CA．Honesty. B．Wisdom.C．Sympathy. D．Responsibility.解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。由畫線詞后“Whenyouarethatclosetothatlevelofhurt,youfeelitsodirectly.”可知，是同情心促使Languell救出了Thompson。4．WhichwordscanbestdescribeDamianLanguell？CA．Daringandgenerous. B．Caringandgrateful.C．Courageousandnoble. D．Ambitiousandreliable.解析：推理判斷題。由DamianLanguell去救人可知，DamianLanguell很高尚。由救援過程可知，DamianLanguell很勇敢。B(2023·河南省八市重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)盟“領(lǐng)作考試”)OnasteamyJulydayinBayonetPoint,Florida,GeneWorkandhisbrother-in-law,MarkRouco,wererenewingGene'slawn.Ithadgrownbrownandpatchyintheheat,andthehomeowners'associationhadthreatenedtoheavilyfinehimifthesituationwasn'timproved.Thenewsod(草皮)wassittinginthedrivewayonfourpallets,butthejobwasslow-going.Gene,then40,wasn'tfeelingright.Hewentinsidetotakeabreakandcollapsedonthecouch,clutchinghischest.Hiswife,MelissaWork,called911quickly.Eventhoughhewasstaringdowndeath,Genehadonethingonhismind:thatlawnifthesodwasn'tputdownthatday,itwoulddie.“Whilehewashavinghisheartattack,literallyinandoutofconsciousness,hekeptbeggingmetohaveitputdownbecausehedidn'twantittogotowaste，”MelissawroteinaFacebookpost.SoonPascoCountyFireRescuearrivedandtookGeneandMelissatothehospital,leavingRoucobehindtotackletheyard.Withinanhour,hehadmanagedtoremovetheoldgrass.Hewasabouttolaythenewsod,whichhefearedwouldtakehimwellintothenight,whentwoemergencyvehiclesappeared.Sevenmen—thesameoneswhohadtreatedhisbrother—gotout.Genehadtoldthemhowbadlyhe'dwantedtogetthesoddown,sotheyhadreturnedtohelp.Thejobwasdoneinundertwohours.Meanwhile,Genehadsurgerytoinsertstents(支架)inhisheart,alleviatingapotentiallydeadlyblockage.He'shomenow,fullyrecovered—andenjoyinghisbeautifullawn.TheWorksarestillamazedthatthoseEMTs(Emergencymedicaltechnician)wentaboveandbeyondtheirjobdescription.“Thesemen，”Melissatoldtampabay.com,“savedGene'slife,andthencamebacktosavehisgrass.That'sjustsoawesome.”文章大意：本文為記敘文。佛羅里達(dá)州的急救醫(yī)生救了吉恩的生命，然后回來又救了他的草。5．WhydidGenewanttorenewhislawn？AA．Itwasinbadcondition.B．Hewasfinedbytheassociation.C．Thesodgrewtooslowly.D．Hedislikedthecolorofthelawn.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Ithadgrownbrownandpatchyintheheat...”可知，吉恩想要更新他的草坪是因?yàn)樗臓顩r很差了。故A選項(xiàng)正確。6.Thesevenmen(EMTs)returnedinordertoB.A．performtheirdutiesB．helpwithGene'slawnC．checkGene'shouseD．sendGenebackfromhospital解析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Genehadtoldthemhowbadlyhe'dwantedtogetthesoddown,sotheyhadreturnedtohelp.”可知，這七個(gè)人(急診醫(yī)生)回來是為了幫吉恩修剪草坪。故B選項(xiàng)正確。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alleviating”inParagraph4probablymean？CA．Remove. B．Cause.C．Ease. D．Expand.解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。依據(jù)前后句，吉恩接受了支架植入手術(shù)，這減輕了潛在的致命性阻塞。由此推知，alleviating意為“減輕”。remove“移除”；cause“造成”；ease“減輕，緩解”；expand“擴(kuò)張”。故C選項(xiàng)正確。8．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesEMTs？BA．Selfless. B．Helpful.C．Honest. D．Devoted.解析：推理判斷題。EMTs遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了其工作范圍，不但救了基恩的命，還救了基恩的草。救人是工作職責(zé)，救草彰顯其樂于助人。selfless“無私的”；helpful“有幫助的”；honest“誠實(shí)的”；devoted“獻(xiàn)身的，忠誠的”。故B選項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2021·遼寧省五校協(xié)作體聯(lián)合模擬)Shortnessofbreathhasmanydifferentcauses,andthetreatmentofitisspecificforeachcause.1.GThereare,however,somefollowingfirstaidstepsyoucanusetotreatit,atleastuntiltheambulancearrivesoryou'reabletogetthevictimtoahospital.2.AThemoreenergyyouspend,themoreoxygenyouuseandthemoreshortofbreathyoufeel.Thinkaboutagoodworkoutatthegym.Exercisehardenoughandyouwillfeelshortofbreath.Thecure?Takeabreak.Letthevictimsit,standorliewhere'sthemostcomfortable.There'relotsofmythsabouthowsomebodypositionssupposedlyprovidemoreairflow.Coachesregularlytellplayerstoholdtheirarmsabovetheirheadstomaximizechestexpansion.Nursingstaffassumethe“tripodposition”isthebestposition.3.FUseoxygen.Thisisaspecialcaseusedonlyforpeoplewithchroniclungproblems.Ifthevictimhasoxygenavailable,thisiswhatit'sfor.4.CThevictimmayhavebeentoldbyhisorherdoctorthattoomuchoxygenfortoolongmightcausemoreproblems.Assurethevictimthatsuddenincreasesinshortnessofbreatharetheinstancesinwhichoxygenisneededmost.Treatthecauseofshortnessofbreath.5.DAsthmapatients,forexample,oftenhavemultipletoolsanddrugstofixsuddenshortnessofbreath.Victimsoflunginfectionsmayneedtoseeadoctorandheartattackvictimsmayneedanambulance.A．Havethevictimrest.B．Takemoreexerciseatthegym.C．Thevictimshouldusehisorheroxygenasdirectedbyadoctor.D．There'remanycausesofshortnessofbreathandmanyofthemaretreatable.E．Thevictimcantrytoavoidmakinguseofhisorheroxygenwheneverpossible.F．Everypersonisdifferent,however,soletthevictimdecidewhatpositionisthemostcomfortable.G．Inmanycases,theonlywaytotreatshortnessofbreathistocall911ortakethevictimtoadoctor.文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要講述了呼吸困難的發(fā)生有很多原因，同時(shí)提出了四種急救方法。解析：1．本段主要講呼吸困難有很多原因，治療呼吸困難有不同的方法，因此空處應(yīng)講治療呼吸困難的一般方法，且與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選G。2．根據(jù)本段中的“Thecure？Takeabreak.”可知，本段主要講讓患者休息這種方法。故選A。3．根據(jù)第三段的主題句可知，此處表示每個(gè)人感覺舒服的方式都不同，所以空處應(yīng)講讓病人決定最舒服的姿勢(shì)。故選F。4．根據(jù)本段的主題句可以判斷此處指要使用氧氣。故選C。5．根據(jù)空處上下文可以判斷，此處表示呼吸困難有很多原因，但是可以治療的。故選D。Ⅲ.語法填空SammyArmstrongwasdrivingtohisofficewhenhe1.noticed(notice)acarwasstuckonrailroadtracks.Thenheheardatrainwhistle.Sammythrewdownhissunglassesandkeysandrantowardthecar.2.Anelderlyman,JeanPapich,eighty-four,satinthedriver'sseat，3.turning(turn)thekeyandhittingthegas.Hiswife,Marion,seventy-eight,waslooking4.nervously(nervous)athim.ThenSammywalkedtowardthecar5.andpusheditforward,buthisbootsslippedonthewarmasphalt(瀝青)．Hecouldseethetrainapproachingfast.Itmightbe6.easier(easy)topushthecarbackward,Sammythought.HeranaroundtothefrontofthevehicleandshoutedtoJean7.toput(put)thecarinneutral(空擋位置)．Sammycouldfeelthegroundtremblingunderhisfeet.Heputhisbootsagainstthetrackandpushedforcefully.Finally,thecarrolledoffthetracks.WhenSammylookedup,thetrainwasjustacoupleof8.feet(foot)away.Sammy,shockedand9.speechless(speech),wentbacktoworkascrowdgatheredatthescene.Severalweekslater,MarioncalledtothankSammy.Heresponded,“Ijustdid10.whatIhadtodo.”文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了薩米上班途中發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老人的汽車卡在火車的軌道中，他努力幫老人將汽車推出鐵軌。解析：1．考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)空后賓語從句中的wasstuckonrailroadtracks“卡在火車的軌道中”及全文主體時(shí)態(tài)可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填noticed。2．考查冠詞。JeanPapich為elderlyman的同位語，在文中第一次被提及，因此表泛指，且elderly以元音音素開頭。故用不定冠詞An。3．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞sat，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且JeanPapich是turn的邏輯主語，兩者之間為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。故填turning。4．考查副詞。句意為：他78歲的妻子瑪麗昂正緊張地看著他。設(shè)空處修飾waslookingat，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填nervously。5．考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及語境可知，此處為順承關(guān)系。故用并列連詞and。6．考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，薩米從后面推車行不通，此處應(yīng)是指或許從前向后推會(huì)“更容易”，暗含比較意義。故填easier。7．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：他跑到汽車的前面，大聲朝他喊，叫他把汽車掛空擋。根據(jù)句意，設(shè)空處在句中作目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式。故填toput。8．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意為：當(dāng)薩米抬頭看時(shí)，火車僅距離數(shù)英尺。foot為可數(shù)名詞，設(shè)空前有acoupleof修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填feet。9．考查形容詞。設(shè)空處與shocked是并列關(guān)系，為形容詞在句中作伴隨狀語。故填speechless。10．考查賓語從句。did為謂語動(dòng)詞，后面為賓語從句，且從句中的do缺少賓語，指代事情。故填what。句意為：他回答：“我只是做了我該做的事情?！雹?短文改錯(cuò)(2021·武漢市畢業(yè)生供題)IstillrememberthatcolddaywhenChrisandIgoskatingonalake.Whileenjoyingourselves,Isuddenlynoticedsomethingunusual.TheicebrokeandatthemomentIwarnedChristotakecare,heslippedintothelake.Iwastoofrighteningtoknowwhattodo.Icriedforhelpanxious.Hearingmycries,ayoungmanrushedover,jumpintothelaketosaveChris.Atlast,hewasoutofthewaterbutweimmediatelysenthimtothenearesthospital.Aftershortwhile,Chris'sparentsarrived.Theyexpressedtheirthanktotheyoungman.Howarespectableman!答案：IstillrememberthatcolddaywhenChrisandIeq\o(go,\s\do8(went))skatingonalake.Whileenjoyingeq\o(ourselves,\s\do8(myself))，Isuddenlynoticedsomethingunusual.TheicebrokeandatthemomentIwarnedChristotakecare,heslippedintothelake.Iwastooeq\o(frightening,\s\do8(frightened))toknowwhattodo.Icriedforhelpeq\o(anxious,\s\do8(anxiously)).Hearingmycries,ayoungmanrushedover,eq\o(jump,\s\do8(jumping))intothelaketosaveChris.Atlast,hewasoutofthewatereq\o(but,\s\do8(and))weimmediatelysenthimtothenearesthospital.Aftereq\o(∧,\s\do8(a))shortwhile,Chris'sparentsarrived.Theyexpressedtheireq\o(thank,\s\do8(thanks))totheyoungman.eq\o(How,\s\do8(What))arespectableman!解析：1．動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)誤用。根據(jù)該句中的“thatcoldday”可知，該處陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。2．反身代詞誤用。根據(jù)主句的主語I可知，該處表示“當(dāng)我正玩得痛快時(shí)”，故用myself。3．介詞多用。themoment在該處為表時(shí)間的從屬連詞，單獨(dú)使用，不與介詞at連用，故刪除at。4．形容詞混用。根據(jù)該句主語I可知，該處應(yīng)用形容詞frightened，表示“害怕的”，修飾人。frightening意為“令人害怕的”，一般修飾事物。5．形容詞和副詞混用。該處修飾動(dòng)詞cry，應(yīng)用anxious的副詞形式anxiously。6．非謂語動(dòng)詞誤用。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該處作伴隨狀語，主語ayoungman和動(dòng)詞jump之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。7．連詞誤用。根據(jù)語境可知，“將Chris救出水面”與“我們立即把他送往最近的醫(yī)院”之間為順承關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將but改為and。8．冠詞漏用。ashortwhile為固定搭配，意為“片刻”。9．名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)誤用。根據(jù)該句中的their和語境可知，該處表示表達(dá)他們的感激，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式thanks。10．感嘆句引導(dǎo)詞誤用。此處是一個(gè)感嘆句，引導(dǎo)詞修飾名詞短語“arespectableman”，應(yīng)用What。選修六Unit1ArtⅠ.完形填空(2023·河南省階段性考試三)Onenightin2003，JansandhiswifeSherriewerewalkingthedogDakotahneartheirhouse.Suddenly,ayoung1.Cappearedandbeganrunningintheirdirection.Amazedand2.B，thecoupleimmediatelybrokeDakotahloosetoprotectthem.“However,thetwoanimalsstoppedyardsapartand3.Bstaredateachotherasifeachwerelookingatanalmost-forgottenfaceandtryingtoremembersomething，”recallsJansinhisbookAWolfCalledRomeo.Overthenextweek,theJansesalways4.Athewolfplayingwiththedogsintheneighborhood.They5.Cthatwhenthewolfsawadog,hewouldmakeafoolofhimself—wagging,pacing,andevenstrikingsomedogposes.Becauseofthewolf's6.D，SherrienamedhimRomeo.The7.Aextendedfromdogstolocalsquickly.8.D，crowdsoflocalsstartedcomingto9.Bthewolf,andsomelikedhimsomuchthattheyseemedtoforgetthatwolvesare10.A.Forthenextfiveyears,Romeo11.Ctotheareainfallandwinter.“Hewouldbeinthesameplaceeverymorningto12.Dpeoplegoingtoworkorwalkingtheirdogs,13.Bhe'dsetwithatimeclock”，writesJans.Astheonlywolfinthearea，Romeohad14.Dcreaturestoeat，alargeopenspacetolivein,andlittle15.Afromotheranimals.However,somecriticsfeltRomeowasa(n)16.C，andtherewasatalkaboutdrivinghimoutofthearea.RomeocameagaininSeptember2009，butlaterthatmonth,he17.Dagain.Aftersomesearching,asupporterfoundhehadbeen18.AbyParkandJeff.Bothmenwerearrestedlater.Theyendeduppayingfinesaccordingtothelocallaw,losinghunting19.B.InlateNovember2010，amemorialservicewasheldforRomeo.“Nothingcantakeawaytheyearswespentinhis20.C，”writesJans.“We'llrememberthehappinesshebroughttousforever.”文章大意：本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了一只混入人跡的狼漸漸地受到當(dāng)?shù)厝说南矏?。雖然后來這只狼被人獵殺，但是當(dāng)?shù)厝税l(fā)起紀(jì)念它的活動(dòng)，由此展現(xiàn)了人與動(dòng)物和諧共處的美好畫面。1．A.woman B．boyC．wolf D．dog解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)下文語境可知，這對(duì)夫妻在遛狗時(shí)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只狼(wolf)。2．A.curious B．terrifiedC．disappointed D．content解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)下文“這對(duì)夫婦立即松開了他的狗Dakotah來保護(hù)他們”可知，Jans夫婦感到驚訝和害怕(terrified)。3．A.anxiously B．tentativelyC．a(chǎn)ngrily D．hardly解析：考查副詞。根據(jù)下文關(guān)鍵詞“asif”和上下文語境可知，兩只動(dòng)物試探性地(tentatively)盯著對(duì)方，好像彼此在看著一張幾乎被遺忘的臉，并且在努力回憶著什么。4．A.spotted B．preventedC．protected D．imagined解析：考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，在隨后的幾周，Jans夫婦總是發(fā)現(xiàn)(spotted)這只狼和附近的狗一起玩耍。5．A.hated B．believedC．observed D．warned解析：考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，Jans夫婦觀察到(observed)當(dāng)狼看到狗的時(shí)候，他會(huì)像個(gè)傻瓜一樣搖來搖去，踱來踱去，甚至擺出一些狗的姿勢(shì)。6．A.experience B．violenceC．companion D．behavior解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)上文可知，這只狼擺出各種姿勢(shì)來吸引狗的注意，正是由于他的這種挑逗的舉止(behavior)，Sherrie為他取名為Romeo。7．A.friendship B．challengeC．campaign D．freedom解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，很快狼與狗的友誼(friendship)延伸到了狼與人之間。8．A.Approximately B．GenerallyC．Importantly D．Gradually解析：考查副詞。根據(jù)下文可知，逐漸地(Gradually)，成群的當(dāng)?shù)厝硕紒碛^看(havealookat)Romeo。9．A.keeparecordof B．havealookatC．makeanexampleof D．takeadvantageof解析：考查動(dòng)詞詞組。解析同8題。10．A.aggressive B．kindC．stubborn D．lonely解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文“有些人非常喜歡它”可知，大家都幾乎忘記了狼具有攻擊性(aggressive)。11．A.reacted B．a(chǎn)daptedC．returned D．referred解析：考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文語境可知，Romeo在秋天和冬天回到(returned)這個(gè)地區(qū)，他每天早上都會(huì)在同一個(gè)地方去遇見(meet)那些去上班或遛狗的人，就像(asthough)他設(shè)置了一個(gè)時(shí)鐘。12．A.attack B．stopC．inform D．meet解析：考查動(dòng)詞。解析同11題。13．A.evenif B．a(chǎn)sthoughC．sothat D．incase解析：考查固定搭配。解析同11題。14．A.offensive B．limitedC．common D．a(chǎn)bundant解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，作為該地區(qū)唯一的狼，Romeo有豐富的(abundant)動(dòng)物可以吃，有很大的戶外空間可以住，很少與其他動(dòng)物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(competition)。15．A.competition B．a(chǎn)cquaintanceC．cooperation D．a(chǎn)cquisition解析：考查名詞。解析同14題。16．A.pride B．pityC．danger D．a(chǎn)ccomplishment解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，反對(duì)者認(rèn)為Romeo是個(gè)危險(xiǎn)(danger)，要把它趕走。17．A.burst B．a(chǎn)roseC．changed D．disappeared解析：考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文中的關(guān)鍵詞“cameagain”和but后的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，Romeo再次消失(disappeared)。18．A.shot B．hiddenC．fooled D．raised解析：考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文“兩個(gè)男人被捕”可知，Romeo已經(jīng)被Park和Jeff獵殺(shot)。19．A.methods B．privilegesC．partners D．habits解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，Park和Jeff由于獵殺了Romeo，失去了打獵的特權(quán)(privileges)。20．A.hand B．directionC．company D．opinion解析：考查名詞。Jans寫到“沒有什么能奪去我們?cè)谒惆橄?company)度過的歲月”。inone'scompany意為“在某人的陪伴下”。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2023·吉林省吉林市高中畢業(yè)班第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試)AlbertEinsteinwasanextraordinaryphysicist,butnoartist.PabloPicassocouldpaintanything,buthehadnotalentforscience.LionelMessiisgreatatsoccer,butnobodytalksabouthissingingability.Thisspecializationoftalentmayseemnormal,butitmaybeamodernphenomenon.InEnglish,wehaveatermforpeoplewithbroadknowledgeandskills:“Renaissanceman(orwoman)”.ItreferstotheEuropeanRenaissance,atimewhenitbecamecommontostudyawiderangeofsubjects.Thisledtocomplexworksofart,inventionandphilosophythattransformedEuropeanculture.TheclassicRenaissancemanwasundoubtedlyLeonardodaVinci,whodied500yearsago.Eventoday,heisregardedasoneofthegreatcreativemindsoftheItalianRenaissance.“Hewashugelyinfluentialasanartistandsculptorbutalsogreatlytalentedasanengineer,scientistandinventor，”saystheBBC.At14,DaVincibecameanapprentice(學(xué)徒)ofthepopularsculptorandgoldsmithAndreadelVerrocchio.YoungLeonardolearnedhowtodrawandpaintinhisworkshop,buthewasalsointroducedtochemistry,metallurgyandcarpentry.Heacquiredsomanyskillsthatitbecamenaturalforhimtotrynewthings.Themanwhowoulddesignaflyingmachineandamilitarytanksethislifecourseduringtheseearlyyears.Itisinterestingtonotethathisskillsasadraftsman(畫師)wereimportantinbothhisartisticandhisscientificactivities.Forinstance,hemademarvelouslydetaileddrawingsofmovingwater,butnotreallyforartisticreasons.AsTheConversationnotes,DaVinciwantedtolearnaboutmovingwatersohecouldbenefitpeople.Forthispurpose,heeventuallydrewupplansforcanals.DaVinciwasalsofascinatedbyanatomy(解剖學(xué)).Hedissected(切開)bodiesanddrewdetailedpicturesofwhathesaw.Thesedrawingsanticipatedthefutureofscientificmedicine.Apartfromhisscientificdrawings,DaVincihadageniusforpaintinglifelikeimagesofpeople.Eventoday,thisabilitystandsoutinworksliketheMonaLisa(1503).Withherfamoussmile,werecognizeherasaflesh-and-bloodhumanlikeourselves.Thebestepitaph(碑文)forDaVincimaybehisownwords：“Learningneverexhauststhemind.”Hisnumerousprojectsover67yearsmakeitclearthathismindwasneverexhausted.Fivecenturiesafterhisdeath,hislifeandworkinspirewould-beRenaissancemenandwomeneverywhere.文章大意：本文為說明文。介紹了達(dá)·芬奇在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的杰出成就、對(duì)人類社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)及影響。1．“Renaissanceman”ismentionedmainlytoC.A．showthatpeopleinthepastwerelesstalentedB．comparethegreatmindsoftheRenaissanceC．introduceDaVinciasarepresentativeD．showhowDaVincicreatedtheworld解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“InEnglish,wehaveatermforpeoplewithbroadknowledgeandskills:‘Renaissanceman(orwoman)’．”及第三段中“TheclassicRenaissancemanwasundoubtedlyLeonardodaVinci”可以看出文章引入“Renaissanceman”這個(gè)概念，是為了介紹這類人物里的杰出代表：達(dá)·芬奇。2．WhatdoweknowaboutDaVinci？DA．Helearnedanatomyinhischildhood.B．Hedesignedamilitarytankinhislateryears.C．Heinvented67thingsinhislifetime.D．Hisdrawingswerebothartisticandscientific.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段中“Itisinterestingtonotethathisskillsasadraftsman(畫師)wereimportantinbothhisartisticandhisscientificactivities.”可判斷出正確答案。3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDaVinci？BA．Hardworkingandhumorous.B．Knowledgeableandcreative.C．Imaginativeandeasygoing.D．Open-mindedandgenerous.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Eventoday,heisregardedasoneofthegreatcreativemindsoftheItalianRenaissance.‘Hewashugelyinfluentialasanartistandsculptorbutalsogreatlytalentedasanengineer,scientistandinventor，’saystheBBC.”可以推斷出達(dá)·芬奇是knowledgeableandcreative。4．HowwouldtheauthorprobablydescribeDaVinci'spaintingstyle？AA．Realistic. B．Mysterious.C．Abstract. D．Modern.解析：推理判斷題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段“Apartfromhisscientificdrawings,DaVincihadageniusforpaintinglifelikeimagesofpeople...Withherfamoussmile,werecognizeherasaflesh-and-bloodhumanlikeourselves.”可知：達(dá)·芬奇描述的人物形象很生動(dòng)。在他的名著中，蒙娜麗莎的微笑讓我們覺得她是和我們一樣有血有肉的人。所以作者很有可能用“逼真的、寫實(shí)的”這樣的詞來描述他的畫作。Ⅲ.閱讀七選五(2021·濟(jì)南市針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練)“Somekidsarenaturallymorecompetitivethanothers，”saidprofessionaladviserRoseannClay.Butcertainfactorsplayintothebehaviorofkidstomakethemwanttowinateverything.Onefactoristhatkidsarebecomingawareofwhatothersthinkofthem.Winninggamesandgettingthosetopgradesarewaystogetloadsofattention.1.DWhenkidshaveagenuinefearoflosing,thiscandrivethemtobemorecompetitive.Andwhentheylose,bademotionsusuallyfollow.Howcanparentsdealwithkidswhogetangryorupsetwhentheydon'twinallthetime?2.GRoseannsuggeststhatparentsmakeapointofshowinghowtheyhandlelosingwell,whilestillhavingfun.Andbeforeanycompetitiveactivityorgame,makesureeveryoneknowswhattherulesandexpectedbehaviorare.Thishelpsachildshiftfromthe“I'monlygoodifIwin”attitudetothe“I'mhavingfun”attitude.Ifachildispushedtobetoocompetitiveandcareaboutwinningaboveallelse,theiremotionalwell-beingisputatrisk.Theknock-oneffectisthattheirconfidenceremainslow.3.FAlso,somechildren'sanxietycausesthemtobeafraidofcompetition.4.CTheyshouldtrytoopenupconversationandfocusonthefeelingsofkidsandnottheirbehavior.5.BWecanhelpthemcelebrateandenjoyallthesmallstepsittooktogetthere,andencourageamorepositiveoutlookandhealthycompetition.Thiswillservethemthroughoutlifeastheymanagestress.A．Notallkidswanttowin.B．Kidscanstillcelebrateawin.C．Parentsshouldn'tpushthesekids.D．Insecuritycanalsobeafactorhere.E．Insecurechildrenwanttowineverything.F．Thiscanreallyrockadevelopingchild'semotionalcore.G．Childrencanlearntomanagetheiremotionswithrolemodeling.文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。想獲得很多關(guān)注和不安全感使一些孩子過于爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝，而當(dāng)他們失敗后，壞情緒也隨之而來。還有一些孩子因焦慮而害怕競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。家長應(yīng)通過示范作用等來教育孩子正確面對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與失敗。1．根據(jù)空后一句“Whenkidshaveagenuinefearoflosing，thiscandrivethemtobemorecompetitive.”可知，當(dāng)孩子們真正害怕失敗時(shí)，這會(huì)促使他們更加有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)。據(jù)此可知，不安全感是孩子們一心求勝的因素之一。故D項(xiàng)正確。2．空處為該段的主題句；根據(jù)空后一句(Roseann建議家長做示范)和該段最后一句(這樣能幫助孩子轉(zhuǎn)變態(tài)度)可知，該段主要介紹了孩子可以通過角色示范來學(xué)習(xí)管理自己的情緒。故G項(xiàng)正確。3．根據(jù)空前兩句可知，如果孩子被逼得過于爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝，把勝利看得高于一切，他們的情感健康就會(huì)處于危險(xiǎn)之中；連鎖反應(yīng)是他們的信心會(huì)低。據(jù)此可以判斷，空處介紹過于爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝對(duì)孩子的影響。故F項(xiàng)符合語境。4．根據(jù)空前一句可知，一些孩子的焦慮使他們害怕競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；根據(jù)空后一句可知，家長應(yīng)該展開對(duì)話，關(guān)注孩子的感受而不是他們的行為。據(jù)此可以推斷，空處應(yīng)是針對(duì)孩子害怕競(jìng)爭(zhēng)提出相應(yīng)措施，即父母不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)迫孩子(參加競(jìng)爭(zhēng))。故C項(xiàng)正確。5．空處為該段的主題句；根據(jù)空后一句可知，家長可以幫助孩子慶祝和享受為取得勝利而完成的每一小步。據(jù)此可知，該段主要陳述孩子們?nèi)匀豢梢詰c祝他們的勝利。故B項(xiàng)正確。Ⅳ.語法填空(2023·濰坊市六月)Chinesemuseumsmighthavebeen1.temporarily(temporary)closedearlierthisyear,2.butmanyarestillopentoonlinevisitors.A3.growing(grow)numberofChinesemuseumsarepresentingtheircollectionofartifacts(手工藝品)ontheInternet.SinceFebruary,onlineplatformsincludingTaobaoandDouyin4.haveheld/havebeenholding(hold)livestreaming(直播)eventsfromChina'smuseums.Theprograms,5.whichhavereceivedmorethan10million6.daily(day)visits,haveprovedpopularaccordingtomediareports.SomelivestreaminghostshavebecomeInternetcelebrities.BaiXuesong,thehostofXi'anBeilinMuseum'slivestreamingeventonSunday,receivedmorethan1.75million“l(fā)ikes”.Avoidingboringdescriptionwhileintroducingexhibits,hishumoroustoneandfunnystorieswonthe7.hearts(heart)ofhisaudience.Insteadofbeinglaidasideand8.ignored(ignore),theculturalheritageshould9.enrich(rich)thepublic'sknowledgeandexpandtheiroutlook.Theselivestreamingeventsare10.astepforwardinachievingthatgoal.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。中國實(shí)體博物館今年早些時(shí)候閉館期間，“云上博物館”流行起來。1．考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用副詞，故用temporary的副詞形式temporarily“暫時(shí)地”。2．考查并列連詞。前面提到實(shí)體博物館暫時(shí)閉館，后面提到很多博物館仍然對(duì)網(wǎng)上游客開放，故填but，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。3．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表示正在增長的數(shù)量，grow和number是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且此處表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在分詞growing“增長中的”作前置定語。4．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語“SinceFebruary”可知，此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去。5.考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Theprograms，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故要用which。6．考查形容詞。空處修飾名詞，故用形容詞daily表示“每日的，日常的”。7．考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空后的“ofhisaudience”可知，此處要用heart的復(fù)數(shù)形式。8.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處與laid并列，故填ignored。9．考查動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should后應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞原形，故填rich的動(dòng)詞形式enrich“使豐富，充實(shí)”。10．考查冠詞。此處表示這些現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播活動(dòng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的一步。step是可數(shù)名詞，且此處表示泛指，故填不定冠詞a。選修六Unit2PoemsⅠ.完形填空Islowlywalkedpastrowsofhappyparents.HowcanIplayOdetoJoy?Iwondered.1.BwasthelastthingIfelt.IfeltasifIwasbeing2.Dtotheprincipal'soffice.Ireachedthepianoandclimbedontothebench.Ifeltthe3.C.Myteacherstoodnearby，smilingencouragingly.Okay.HereIgo.My4.Ahitthefirstnote.Therewasnosound.Whatwashappening?Itriedagain.Nothing!Theonly5.Dwereterribleones，whichweresoonjoinedbymyown6.Csobs.Ijumpedoffthepianobenchandrantomymother's7.Aarms.Shehuggedmeandcarriedmetothecar.I8.Dallthewayhome.ThenMomledmeintoherbedroom.Iknewwhatwascoming.Thiswaswherewehadallofourtalks.She9.Bsowewereateyelever.“Katy，I'mveryproudofyou，”shesaid.“It'sokaythatyoudidn't10.Ctonight.”Ididn'tunderstand.Momsatonthebedand11.Dmeontoherlap.“Whatyoudidtookalotofbravery.Theimportantthingis，you12.A，”shesaid.“That'sallthatmatterstome.”Shewrappedherarmsaroundmeandheldmetight.Iwenttosleepfeelingmore13.Bthananyoneelseintheworld.Thenextday，Momtoldmemypianoteacherhad14.C.Theschoolpianowaselectric.Noonehadswitchedit15.A.Theywouldn'tmakethatmistakenexttime.Whata16.D！Theeveningofthenextperformance，mymother'seyesshinedwith17.BwhenIsatdowntoplay.Thehardpartwastrying.Thatwastheimportantthing.Icoulddothat.Iputmyhandsonthekeys.OdetoJoy18.Cthehallwithitssweetsound，asifitroseallthe19.AtotheangelsinHeaven.Mymotherhassincejoinedthoseangels.Butthe20.Bshetaughtmeandthememoryofherlovingarmswillstaywithmeforever.文章大意：作者演奏鋼琴失敗了，媽媽理解、支持并安尉作者，第二天老師告知失敗的原因是學(xué)校方面的錯(cuò)誤。下次表演作者成功了。1．A.Sorrow B．JoyC．Interest D．Tension解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空處后面的內(nèi)容可知，作者一點(diǎn)都不高興，像是被送進(jìn)了校長辦公室。joy“喜悅”符合題意。故選B。2．A.persuaded B．invitedC．thrown D．sent解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的“JoywasthelastthingIfelt.”可知，作者并不高興，說明這時(shí)候作者的感受就像被叫到校長辦公室訓(xùn)話一樣。sent“被送往”符合題意。故選D。3．A.noises B．booksC．keys D．crowds解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的“Ireachedthepianoandclimbedontothebench.”可知，作者準(zhǔn)備彈琴，這時(shí)候是用手指觸摸著琴鍵。keys“鍵”符合題意。故選C。4．A.finger B．handC．feet D．eyes解析：結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可知，應(yīng)該是用手指彈鋼琴。finger“手指”符合題意。故選A。5．A.knocks B．beatsC．stops D．sounds解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Therewasnosound.”可知，作者彈第一個(gè)音符的時(shí)候，沒有任何聲音。唯一發(fā)出的聲音非常難聽，并很快摻雜了作者的啜泣聲。sounds“聲音”符合題意。6．A.excited B．joyfulC．pitiful D．funny解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空處后面的sobs可知，作者由于演奏不成功，發(fā)出了令人同情的啜泣聲。pitiful“令人同情的；可憐的”符合題意。故選C。7．A.open B．coldC．slim D．strong解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Shehuggedme”可知，作者的媽媽張開雙臂擁抱作者?！皁penarms”符合題意。故選A。8．A.complained B．whistledC．whispered D．cried解析：根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者演奏失敗，內(nèi)心非常難過，是一路上哭著回家的。cried“哭”符合題意。故選D。9．A.laydown B．bentdownC．stoodup D．jumpedup解析：結(jié)合生活常識(shí)，作者的媽媽為了和作者達(dá)成“齊眼高度”而“彎下腰”。所以“bentdown”是最合適的答案。根據(jù)常識(shí)，家長和孩子談話很少“躺著”，所以A項(xiàng)不合適。10．A.sing B．workC．play D．stop解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“HowcanIplayOdetoJoy？”可知，今天晚上作者本來需要做的事情是鋼琴演奏，但沒有演奏。play“演奏”符合題意。故選C。11．A.dragged B．leftC．drove D．lifted解析：根據(jù)設(shè)空處后面的“ontoherlap”可知，媽媽坐下后把我抱到了她的腿上。lifted“提；舉”符合題意。故選D。A項(xiàng)dragged意思是“拉；拽”，顯然不符合題意。12．A.tried B．a(chǎn)ctedC．started D．laughed解析：根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段中的“Thehardpartwastrying.”可知，在媽媽看來，作者最重要的就是努力過了。tried“努力；嘗試”符合題意。故選A。13．A.respected B．lovedC．valued D．guided解析：根據(jù)上文可知，媽媽在對(duì)作者演奏失敗這件事情上是非常理解和支持作者的并及時(shí)地安慰了作者，使作者深感自己比世界上的任何人都備受疼愛。loved“愛”符合