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OneofthemostinterestingquestionsaboutGulliversTravelsiswhethertheHouyhnhnmsrepresentanidealofrationalityorwhetherontheotherhandtheyarethebuttofSwift'ssatire.Inotherwords,inBookIV,isSwiftpokingfunatthetalkinghorsesordoesheintendforustotakethemseriouslyastheproperwaytoact?IfwelookcloselyatthewaythattheHouyhnhnmsact,wecanseethatinfactSwiftdoesnottakethemseriously:heusesthemtoshowthedangersofpride.

FirstwehavetoseethatSwiftdoesnoteventakeGullverseriously.Forinstance,hisnamesoundsmuchlikegullible,whichsuggeststhathewillbelieveanything.Also,whenhefirstseestheYahoosandtheythrowexcrementonhim,herespondsbydoingthesameinreturnuntiltheyrunaway.Hesays,"Imustneedsdiscoversomemorerationalbeing,"

eventhoughasahumanheisalreadythemostrationalbeingthereis.ThisiswhySwiftreferstoErasmusDarwinsdiscoveryoftheoriginofthespeciesandthevoyageoftheBeagle-toshowhowGulliverknowsthatpeopleareatthetopofthefoodchain.ButifLemuleGulliverissatirized,soaretheHouyhnhnms,whosevoicessoundlikethecallofcastrati.Theywalkontwolegsinsteadoffour,andseemtobemuchlikepeople.AsGulliversays,"ItwaswiththeutmostastonishmentthatIwitnessedthesecreaturesplayingthefluteanddancingaVienesewaltz.Tomymind,theyseemedlikethegreatesthumanseverseenincourt,evenmoredextrousthantheLordEdmundBurke".Asthisquotedemonstrates,Gulliveristerriblyimpressed,buthisadmirationfortheHouyhnhnmsisshort-livedbecausetheyaresoprideful.Forinstance,theleaderoftheHouyhnhnmsclaimsthathehasreadalltheworksofCharlesDickens,andthathecansinglehandedlyrecitethenamesofalltheKingsandQueensofEnglanduptoGeorgeII.SwiftsubtlyshowsthatthisHouyhnhnmsprideismisplacedwhen,inthemiddleoftheintellectualcompetition,heforgetsthenameofQueenElizabethshusband.

SwiftssatireoftheHouyhnhnmscomesoutinotherwaysaswell.OneofthemostmemorablescenesiswhenthedapplegreymareattemptstowoothehorsethatGuenivrehasbroughtwithhimtotheisland.Firstsheactsflirtatiously,paradingaroundthebewilderedhorse.Butwhenthisdoesnothavethedesiredeffect,shegetsanotheridea:"AsIwatchedinamazementfrommyperchinthetopofatree,thesorrelnagdashedoffandreturnedwithayahooonherbackwhowasyetmoremonstrousthanMr.Popebeingfittedbyaclothier.Shedroppedthiscreaturebeforemynagasifofferingupasacrifice.Myhorsesniffedthecreatureandturnedaway."Itmightseemthatweshouldtakethissceneseriouslyasafailedattemptatcourtship,andthatconsequentlyweshouldseethegreymareasanunrequitedlover.ButitmakesmoresenseifweseethatSwiftisbeingsatirichere:itisthefemaleHouyhnhnmwhomakesthemove,whichwouldnothavehappenedineighteenth-centuryEngland.TheHouyhnhmisbeingprideful,anditisthatpridethatmakeshimunabletoimpressGullivershorse.Gulliverimaginesthehorsesaying,Sblood,thenotionofcreatingthebarebackedbeastwithananimalwhohadheldMr.Popeonherbackmakesmequeezy.

AfinalindicationthattheHouyhnmnsarenotmeanttobetakenseriouslyoccurswhentheleaderoftheHouynhmsvisitsLilliput,wherehevisitstheFrenchRoyalSociety.Hegoesintoaroominwhichascientististryingtoturnwineintowater(itselfapridefulactthatreferstothemarriageatGallilee).Thescientisthasbeenworkinghardattheexperimentformanyyearswithoutsuccess,whentheHouyhnmnarrivesandimmediately

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