2024《試吧大考卷》二輪專題闖關(guān)導(dǎo)練英語【新高考】閱讀理解技能保分練(八)

2024《試吧大考卷》二輪專題闖關(guān)導(dǎo)練英語【新高考】閱讀理解技能保分練(八)閱讀理解技能保分練(八)詞句猜測題——代詞猜測類A[2020·普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(模擬卷)]Myschoolappearedonthenewslastweekbecausewehadmadeanimportantchangeinourlocalarea.Ourclasshadplantedalargegardeninwhatwasonceonlyavacantlot.Itwasalotofworkbutitwasallworthit.Igotblisters(水皰)fromdigging,andweallgotinsectbites,too.Ilearnedalotaboutgardeningandcollaboration(合作),andthenIlearnedaboutthemedia.OurteachertelephonedtheTVstationandinformedthemofwhatwehadaccomplished.Shespokewiththeproducer.Theproducercheckedwiththedirectors,buttheysaidtherewereplentyofstoriessimilartoours.Theywantedtoknowwhatwasspecialaboutourparticulargarden,sincemanyschoolsplantgardens.Theteacherexplainedthat,aftergoingontheInternettolearnabouttheprairie(大草原),wehadmadeaprairiegarden.Wehadbeentoaprairieandgottenseedsfromtheplants,andthenweplantedthem.Wedidnotwaterthegarden,butwedidweedit.Wedecidedtoletnaturewateritwithrain,sincethatwashowprairiesgrewinthepast.Wesentapictureofthegardentothenewsstation.Inthepicture,thegrasswassohighthatitstoodtallerthanthefourthgradestudents.Asaresult,theproducersentareportertoourschool.Thereporterinterviewedtheheadmasterandaskedhimmanyquestionsaboutthegarden.Afterthat,heinterviewedus,andweexplainedtohimwhatwehadlearnedthroughthisproject.Thatnight,wewatchedthenews,andtherewewere.Thenewsreportertoldourstory.Itwasonlytwominuteslong,butitwasus.Wewerefamous.Allthatwork,allthoseblisters,itwasworthit.Weknewthatwhenwesawthegardeneveryday,butnowweknewthatthewholecitythoughtso,too.1．WhatseemedtobetheTVdirectors'initialreactiontothegarden?A．Theywereexcited.B．Theyweresurprised.C．Theywereworried.D．Theywereuninterested.2．Whatisspecialaboutthegarden?A．Weedswereallowedtospreadnaturally.B．Thegrassgrewfasterthancommongrass.C．Theseedscamefromtheplantsofaprairie.D．Undergroundwaterwasusedfortheplants.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”refertointhelastparagraph?A．Wegotblistersonourhands.B．Ourhardworkwasworthwhile.C．Thegardenwouldbefamous.D．Theprojectwouldbefinished.4．Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheproject?A．Annoyed.B．Curious.C．Proud.D．Regretful.B[2020·福州高三質(zhì)量檢測]Theystillbite,butnewresearchshowslab-grownmosquitoesarefightingdenguefever—adangerousdiseasethattheynormallywouldspread.DengueinfectionsappeartobedroppingfastincommunitiesinIndonesia,Vietnam,BrazilandAustraliathatarefilledwiththespeciallygrownmosquitoes.Researchersfirstinjected(注射)mosquitoeggswithWolbachiabacteriathat'scommonininsectsandharmlesstopeopleinalab.Infectedfemalesthenpassthebacteriaonthroughtheireggs.ReleasingenoughWolbachiacarriers,boththefemalesthatbiteandthemalesthatdon't,allowsmating(交配)tospreadthebacteriathroughalocalmosquitopopulation.Ratherthanusingchemicalstowipeoutpests,“thisisreallyabouttransformingthemosquito，”saidCameronSimmonsofthenon-profitWorldMosquitoProgram,whichisconductingtheresearch.ThefirstsuccesscamefromAustralia.Startingin2011,mosquitoescarryingWolbachiawerereleasedinpartsofNorthQueensland,andgraduallyspreadthroughthelocalmosquitopopulation.Dengueisspreadwhenamosquitobitessomeonewhoisinfected,andthenbitesanotherperson,butsomehowWolbachiablocksthat—andlocalspreadhasnearlydisappearedinthoseNorthQueenslandcommunities,Simmonssaid.Thestudiesarecontinuinginothercountries.Butthefindings,presentedatameetingoftheAmericanSocietyofTropicalMedicineandHygiene,suggestit'spossibletoturnatleastsomemosquitoesfromapublichealththreatintoannoyingbiters.Theworkmarks“excitingprogress”，saidMichiganStateUniversityprofessorZhiyongXi,whowasn'tinvolvedintheprojectbuthaslongstudiedhowWolbachiacanturnmosquitoesagainstthemselves.Moreresearchisneeded,specialistscautioned.“Theresultsareprettyexciting—stronglevelsofreductions—butthereclearlyaregoingtobethingstobelearnedfromtheareaswherethereductionsarenotasgreat，”saidPennStateUniversityprofessorElizabethMcGraw.5．Whatcanwelearnaboutthelab-grownmosquitoes?A．Theylosetheabilitytobitepeople.B．Theybecomeharmfultohumanbeings.C．TheycarrydangerousWolbachiabacteria.D．TheyspreadWolbachiabacteriabymating.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”refertoinParagraph4?A．Thebitefromamosquito.B．Thelocalcommunity.C．Thespreadofdengue.D．Theinfectedperson.7．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A．Thisresearchprovesacompletesuccess.B．Scientistsagreeonthisresearch.C．Thereisstillroomforimprovement.D．Mosquitoesturnthemselvesagainstharmfulones.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Bacteria-infectedMosquitoesBiteDeadlyDengueB．TransformMosquitoesintoAnnoyingBitersC．FightAgainstMosquitoeswithWolbachiaD．HarmlessMosquitoesAreonTheirWayC[2019～2020·西安五校高三聯(lián)考]Wouldyouhelpatrappedrobot?Someratswould.Theycanformsocialbondswithrobotsandwillevenrescuearobotratthatistrappedinacage.Ratsneedtobehighlyattuned(熟悉)tosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstolifelessthings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromrobotrats.Theyhousedeightadultratswitharobotratforfourdays.Therobotratresembledalargeversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.Next,theresearcherstrappedthesocialrobotinacageandgavetheratsthechancetosetitfreebypressingalever(杠桿).Across18trialseach,thelivingratswerelikelytosetthesocialrobotfree.“Thissuggeststheratsviewedthesocialrobotasarealsocialbeing，”saysQuinn.“Theratsmayhavebondedwiththesocialrobotbecauseitshowedbehaviorlikecommunal(共有的)exploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavorwhentheygettrapped，”saysshe.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularrat.“We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasmellonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn'tnecessary，”saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.“Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialsignals,evenwhentheycomefromrobots.”9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A．Thesensitivityofratstosocialsignals.B．Therats'approachtoidentifyingfriends.C．Theabilityofratstoavoidenemies.D．Thewillingnessofratstotalkwithrobots.10．Whatistherobotratintheexperimentlike?A．Itssmellisthesameasarealrat's.B．Itlookslikeabigcomputermouse.C．Itsheadandtailcanmovenaturally.D．Itcanbehaveandthinklikehumans.11．WhydidthelivingratssetthesocialrobotfreeaccordingtoLalehQuinn?A．Tomakefriendswithitinthefuture.B．Toreturnthefavortheygotfromit.C．Toviewitasareallivingrat.D．Togetaccesstoitshelpsomeday.12．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．RobotsHaveSocialSkillslikeAnimalsB．RatsAreFondofRobotslikeHumansC．RatsCanBondwithSocialRobotsD．RobotsAreAbletoSendSocialSignals閱讀理解技能保分練(九)詞句猜測題——句意猜測類A[2020·湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考]IarrivedatmyChineseclassroom,readytosharemyvastknowledgeandexperiencewiththe75students.HavingtaughtintheUSAfor17years,Ihadnoworryatallaboutmyabilitytoplantenthusiasmfortheliteratureofmymothertongueinmystudents'mind.Iwasreallyshockedwhenthemonitorshouted“Standup”andtheentireclassroseasIenteredtheroom,andIwassomewhatconfusedandanxiousabouthowtogetthemtositdownagain,butoncethatembarrassmentwasover,IquicklycalmeddownandlaunchedintowhatIthoughtwasafact-packedlecture.Afterclass,Iwassureofgainingtheirrespect—perhapseventheiradmiration.Iwentbacktomyroomwithaglowofpleasurethatcamefromasenseofsignificantaccomplishment.Mystudentskeptjournals,however,andasIreadthem,thepleasurewasgraduallyreplacedbyanoverwhelmingsenseoffrustration.Thefirstjournalsaid,“Ourliteratureteacherdidn'tteachusanythingtoday.Perhapshernextlecturewillbebetter.”Heartbroken,Ireadjournalafterjournal,eachexpressingasimilartheme.“Didn'tteachthemanything?Isketchedtheentirephilosophicalframeworkofthethoughtandthehistoricalbackgroundforalltheworkswewouldstudyinclass.”Icomplained,“HowcantheysayIdidn'tteachthemanything？”Determined_to_clear_myself,_Idugoutallmyreferencebooks,addingbackgroundmaterialtomynextlecture,researchingintothesociologicalsettingandeventhepsychologicalstateoftheauthor.Afterthesecondclass,Ieagerlyopenedthejournals,expectingpositivereviews.Again,IwascrushedbytheircontinuingcommentsthatIwasgoingtooslowlywithoutgivingmeaningfuldetails.Moredeterminedthanever,Idivedintosourcesofcriticism,decidingtodevotemoretimetothetextsbyprovidingsummariesofalltheinterpretationsIcouldfind.Thismaterialwouldgivemystudentsampleinformationfordrawingtheirownconclusionsabouttheworks'meaning.“Ourteacherseemedconfusedabouttherealmeaningoftheworks，”thejournalssaid.“Oneminuteshegaveoneinterpretation;thenextminuteshegaveanother.Thensheaskedforouropinions.We'rethestudents.She'stheteacher.Sheshouldtelluswhattheworksmean.”Itwasalongsemester,anditgraduallybecamecleartomethatmyideasabouteducationwerepurelyWestern,andthatChineseideasdifferedsignificantly.Ithoughtateacher'sjobwastoraiseinterestingquestionsandprovideenoughbackgroundinformationsothatstudentscoulddrawtheirownconclusions.Mystudentsthoughtateacher'sjobwastoprovideaccurateinformationasdirectlyandconciselyaspossible.Americanswantedtointerpretandexperiencethings.TheChinesewantedtomasterandmemorizethings.1.HowdidthewriterfeelbeforeshebeganherteachinginChina?A．Worried.B．Confident.C．Disappointed.D．Confused.2．Whatmightbethereasonwhythewriterwasshockedwhenthemonitorshouted“Standup”？A．Thestudentsintendedtoscaretheirnewforeignteacher.B．Thestudentsrefusedtostandupbeforetheirnewforeignteacher.C．Thewriterwasalittleshyandfeltembarrassedwhensheenteredtheclassroom.D．Thewriterdidn'tknowmuchabouttheChineseclassroomandthatwastotallyunexpected.3．Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying“Determinedtoclearmyself”inPara.4?A．Shewantedtobetterunderstandthestudents'question.B．Shewantedtoproveherabilityinteachingthecourse.C．Shewasalittlebitangrywiththestudents.D．Shewasverydisappointedwithherself.4．Whichofthefollowingmightthewriteragreewith?A．ChineseandWesternideasabouteducationareslightlydifferent.B．Ateacher'sjobistomakestudentsthinkandhavetheirownopinions.C．Teachingistoprovideaccurateinformationdirectlyandclearly.D．BothAmericansandtheChinesetendtodrawconclusionsbythemselves.B[2020·江西省五校協(xié)作體高三模擬]Itookamotorrickshaw(人力車；黃包車)tothetrainstationinthecityofBelapur.Thedriverdidn'tspeakmuchEnglish,butunderstood,“BelapurRailwayStation.”Ihadmytabla,atraditionaldrumfromIndia,mysuitcasewithmyclothesandotheressentials.Thefeelingofflyingbycarsinthislittlemachineis:asifyouareinsideaboxwithtinywheels,dashingthroughdisorderlytraffic.Iarrivedatthestationsafely,andtookaheavybreathasIunloadedmybaggagebeforetheticketoffice.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadtakenalocaltraintoTilakNagar,whereIwasgoingtolearntraditionalvocalmusic.Standinginline,Icountedatleast20peoplestaringatme.Iboughtmyticket,whichwasonly55centsfora20-minutetrainride.The_prices_still_blow_me_away.Whenthetraincameafter15minutesorso,Igotonatfullspeed,asthetrainonlystoppedforafewseconds.Thelocalsagainstaredatme.Thiswasatrainespeciallyforlocaltransport.Afterawhile,ayoungmanaskedmeifhecouldtalktome.HewantedtoknowifIwasinaband.Istatedno,butIlovetoplaythetabla.ThroughtheconversationIknewhewasastudentofengineeringwithhisexamsbeingtomorrow,Iwishedhimgoodluckfortheexamssincerely,asIknewwhatitmeanstoIndianstudentstogetgoodmarksontheirexams.Ifstudentsdonotgetgoodenoughscores,jobopportunitieswillbefewinahighlycompetitiveenvironment.ThestudentImethelpedmeunloadmyluggageasthetrainreachedTilakNagarStation.Heshookmyhandstronglyandlookedintomyeyeswiththemarkofgenuinekindness,despiteusmeetingforonly20minutes.5．Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheridebyamotorrickshaw?A．Worthless.B．Worrying.C．Common.D．Expensive.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninthepassage?A．Thetrainticketcosthimtoomuch.B．Itwasquitecheaptotakethetrain.C．Thetrainwassoconvenientforhim.D．Itwasunusualtotakeatrainthere.7．Whatcanweknowabouttheyoungmanmentionedinthepassage?A．Hewantedtolearntoplaythetablafromtheauthor.B．Hewasgoingtoauniversitytolearnvocalmusic.C．Hewouldtakehisexaminationsseriously.D．HewishedtofindajobinTilakNagar.8．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．TotellreadershegottoknowanIndianyoungman.B．ToimplyitwasunsafetotravelaloneinIndia.C．TocomplainaboutthemessyanddirtyIndiantrain.D．TosharehisfirsttimeonatraininIndia.C[2020·福州市高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢測]Thereisapicture:Apolarbearislyinglifelessonabeach.Ontheshore,inthebackground,standthreeguards,talkingtoeachother.Oneofthemhasadeadlyweaponhangingcasuallyonhisshoulder.Thispowerfulimagehasmadepeoplequestionthemotivationforthiskindoftourism,orecotourism.Doesourproximity(接近)tolargeanimalsinthewild,frequentlyfueledbyadesireforexcitingimages,leadtosuchanimalsbecomingaccustomedtohumancontact?Ifthatisthecase,surelythelosingsidewillenduppayingtheultimatepriceforsuchproximity.Tomysorrow,IhaverecentlyreturnedfromatriptoSvalbard,andindeedstoodtwoweeksagoontheverybeachwherethebearwasshot.Thebear'sdeathshouldneverhavehappened.Wasthebeachexaminedbeforehand?Wasthereaccesstoflares(照明彈)toscareoffabearthatappearedsuddenly?Thesearestandardmeasuresforanyoperator.Theincidentisprobablytheresultofaterriblesystematicfailure.Nevertheless,theincidentshouldnotnegatethevalueofecotourism.Initsbestform,thiskindoftravelhasverylittleimpact,orindeedhasapositiveeffect,ontheenvironmentwhereittakesplace.Thiscanbebymakingfinancialdonationstoconservationgroups,providingincometolocalcommunities,orensuringprotectionofcertainareasoranimals.InSvalbard,visitorsbecomeambassadorsfortheendangeredpolarbear,increasingawarenessofthefactthatthefargreaterdangertheyarefacingistheseaicemeltintheArcticOcean.Ecotourismisanexpandingmarketthatbringsbenefitsaswellaschallengestotheregionsaroundtheworldinwhichitoperates.Simply_closing_off_these_regions_is_not_the_answer.9．Whywasthepolarbeardead?A．Itwasprobablyhuntforitsfurbytourists.B．Itwasprobablyfrightenedtodeathbyflares.C．Theproperproceduresweren'tprobablyfollowed.D．Thebeachwasn'tprobablyequippedwithsafetydevices.10．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Ecotourismcouldbedevelopedproperly.B．Financialdonationsshouldbestronglyadvocated.C．Environmentalawarenesshasgreatlyincreased.D．Visitorshaveaguiltyconscienceaboutecotourism.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphsuggest?A．Morechallengeshaven'tyetbeenaccepted.B．Bettermeasuresforconductingecotourismareagoodchoice.C．Theenvironmentalbenefitsfromecotourismareveryobvious.D．Thepositiveeffectsofprotectingtouristshaven'tyetbeenfelt.12．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tocausereaderstofocusonpolarbears.B．Tostimulatereaderstoreflectonecotourism.C．Tostresssideeffectsthatecotourismhascaused.D．Toanalyzethereasonwhythepolarbearwaskilled.閱讀理解技能保分練(十)主旨大意題——最佳標(biāo)題類A[2020·沈陽市教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(一)]Sincetheageofthree,ChelsieHillhaddreamedofbecomingadancer.Thatambitionnearlyendedonenightin2010.Hill,thena17-year-oldhighschoolseniorinPacificGrove,California,wasinacaraccidentthatleftherparalyzedfromthewaistdown.Formostpeople,thatwouldhavedashedanyhopeofadancingcareer.ForHill,itwasthebeginning.“Iwantedtoprovetomycommunity—andtomyself—thatIwasstill‘normal’，”shetoldTeenVogue.“Whatever‘normal’meant.”“Normal”forhermeantdancing,soHilldiditinherwheelchairrightalongsidehernon-disabledhighschooldanceteam.“Itdefinitelytookalotoflearningandpatience，”HilltoldToday.Aftergraduation,Hillwantedtoexpandherdancenetworktoincludewomenlikeher.Shemetpeopleonlinewhohadsufferedvariousinjuriesbutsharedherdetermination,andsheinvitedthemtodancewithher.Hopingtoaffectmorepeopleinalargercity,HillmovedtoLosAngelesin2014andformedateamofdancerswithdisabilitiesshecallsRollettes.“Iwanttobreakdownthestereotype(模式化觀念)ofwheelchairusersandshowthatdanceisdance,whetheryou'rewalkingoryou'rerolling，”shetoldCBSNews.Dancingonwheels,Rollettesdiscovered,canbejustasfast-paced,artful,andfulfillingasthefoot-basedvariety.They'rehavingfun,andthefunistouching.Hillhasattainedwhatmanyofusneverwill:herchildhooddream.ButRolletteshavehelpedherfindsomethingelsejustasfulfilling.EveryyearsheholdsadancecampforwheelchairusersofallagesandabilitieswithaneyetohelpingthemfindtheirinnerGingerRogersorJulianneHough.Thedancersaren'ttheonlyonesfeelinginspired.Onewomansawavideooftheteamcompetingandcommented,“Youguysaresoawesome!TobeinawheelchairandstillbesobeautifulmakesmeknowIcanbebeautifultoo!Thankyou！”1．WhatcanwelearnaboutChelsieHill?A．Shewasbornwithdisability.B．Sheexperiencedacaraccidentin2014.C．Shehaddreamedtobeadancersincechildhood.D．Herdancingcareerstoppedwhenshewas17.2．HowdidChelsieHillproveherselftobenormal?A．Bygraduatingwithhonor.B．Bydancinginawheelchair.C．Byrefusingtouseawheelchair.D．Bystartingahighschooldanceteam.3．WhydidChelsieHillstartRollettes?A．Tosatisfyherownambition.B．Tobetterunderstandachievements.C．Toachievebothsuccessandfame.D．Toinspiremoredisabledwomentodance.4．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ChaseYourDreams—EveninaWheelchairB．FormaDanceTeam—aBigBonusC．BecomeaDancer—aChallengingDreamD．DanceonWheels—aNewTrendB[2020·“四省八?！备呷诙钨|(zhì)量檢測]AnewstudyfromLundUniversityinSwedenshowsthatthepresenceorabsenceofmoonlighthasaconsiderableeffectonwhenmigratory(遷徙的)birdstakeflightintheautumn.Togetherwithhiscolleagues,GabrielNorevikstudiedEuropeannightjars(夜鷹)andhowthelunarcycleandmoonlightaffecttheleavingtimewhenthebirdsstarttheirthree-month-longmigrationflighttoareassouthoftheSahara.Usingminiaturedataloggerstheresearchersrecordedtheactivityof39Europeannightjarsoveraone-yearperiod.Theresultshowsthatthebirdsbegintheirautumnmigrationsouthabouttendaysafterthefullmoon,andthattheindividualbirdssynchronise(同速進(jìn)行)themigrationandflyoffmoreorlessatthesametime.“Itsurprisedusthatthelunarcycleandthetimethebirdsspentinhuntinginsectscovarysowell.Thisinturnaffectstheirmigrationpatterninsuchawaythattheysynchronisetheirflightsothatalmostallofthemflyoffatthesametime,tendaysafterthefullmoon，”saysGabrielNorevik.Europeannightjarsusetheirsightwhentheyhuntatnight.Inthemoonlighttheyfinditeasiertocatchflyinginsectsandrefilltheirenergyreserves.ThebirdsmigrateinthreestagesfromnorthernEuropetowinteringsitessouthoftheSahara.Eachstagefollowsthesamepattern:firstthemoonprovidesdoubleofthelightforthebirdstohuntinsects,andthenextstageofthemigrationstartstendaysafterthefullmoon.Theresearchersdoubtwhetherotherbirdsalsoadapttothelunarcyclewhentheymigrate.“Wewillgoontoexaminethatandwhateffectsthistypeofsynchronisedmigrationhasonthebirdsthemselvesandtheirsurroundings，”saysGabrielNorevik.5．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．39Europeannightjarswerechartedoveralifelongperiod.B．Europeannightjarscatchflyinginsectsmoreeasilybymeansofmoonlight.C．Theindividualbirdsstartthemigrationtendayslaterthangroupbirds.D．Thelunarcycleandtheendingofthebirds'migrationcovaryverywell.6．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Thebirds'migrationhasthreepatterns.B．ThebirdsmigratetonorthernEuropeforfood.C．Thestageofthemigrationstartsafterthefullmoon.D．Europeannightjars'migrationisfromAugusttoDecember.7．Whatmightbeexaminedinthefollowingstudy?A．Nightjars'habitat.B．Absenceofthemoon.C．Otherbirds'migration.D．Insects'surroundings.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．MigrationFlightandMoonlightB．MigratoryBirdsandAutumnC．TenDaysMakesaDifferenceD．EuropeanNightjarsNeedtoMigrateC[2020·南昌市高三一模]Theremainsofanancientape(猿)foundinaBavarianclaysiterecentlycaughtpeople'seye.Accordingtoscientists,theymayrenewpeople'sopiniononwhenhumans'ancestorsbeganstandingupright.AninternationalteamofresearcherssaidthefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermanyboreastrikingresemblance(相似之處)tomodernhumanbones.InapaperpublishedbythejournalNature,theyconcludedthatthepreviouslyunknownspecies—namedDanuviusguggenmosi—couldwalkontwolegsbutalsoclimblikeanape.Thefindings“raisefundamentalquestionsaboutourpreviousunderstandingoftheevolutionofthegreatapesandhumans，”saidMadelaineBoehme,wholedtheresearch.ThequestionofwhenapescouldwalkontwolegshasfascinatedscientistssinceCharlesDarwinfirstarguedthattheyweretheancestorsofhumans.Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledTouma?.Boehme,alongwithresearchersfromBulgaria,CanadaandtheUnitedStates,examinedmorethan15,000bonesrecoveredfromthearchaeologicalremains.Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(靈長目動物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago.Themostcomplete,anadultmale,likelystoodabout1metertall,weighed31kilogramsandlookedsimilartomodern-daybonobos,aspeciesofthechimpanzee.Likehumans,DanuviushadanS-shapedbackbonetoholditsbodyuprightwhilestanding.Unlikehumans,though,ithadapowerfulbigtoethatwouldhaveallowedittograbbrancheswithitsfooteasily.FredSpoor,apaleontologistattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,calledthefossilfinds“fantastic”butsaidtheywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers,notleastbecausetheycouldchallengemanyexistingideasaboutevolution.9．Wheredidthescientistsfindthebones?A．Germany.B．Bulgaria.C．Kenya.D．Brazil.10．WhatcanweinferaboutDanuvius?A．ItcouldmakeS-shapedtools.B．Itwasaspeciesofthechimpanzee.C．ItlivedinCreteandKenya.D．ItexistedmuchearlierthanTouma?.11．HowdoesSpoorfeelaboutthefinding?A．Itoffersfurthersupportforthetheoryofevolution.B．Itmaycausemuchdebate.C．Itisafantasticfinding.D．Itdeniesthepreviousideas.12．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheSecretsRevealedfromFossilsB．LegendofHumans'AncestorsC．FindingsAgainsttheTheoryofEvolutionD．TheOldestExampleofUprightApeFoundinaBavarianClaySite閱讀理解技能保分練(八)A語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與社會——學(xué)?！菰交▓@[文章大意]介紹了我們班培植的“草原式花園”上電視的故事。1．答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theproducercheckedwiththedirectors,buttheysaidtherewereplentyofstoriessimilartoours...manyschoolsplantgardens.”可知，電視臺的制片人和導(dǎo)演們核實(shí)了情況，但他們說有許多像我們這樣的故事。他們想知道我們的花園有什么特殊之處，因?yàn)樵S多學(xué)校都培植花園。由此可推知，電視臺的導(dǎo)演們最初對我們的花園是不感興趣的。2．答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“Wehadbeentoaprairieandgottenseedsfromtheplants,andthenweplantedthem.”可知，我們?nèi)ミ^大草原，在那里獲取草原植物的種子，然后把它們種在花園里。由此可知，我們的花園的特殊之處在于種子來自草原植物。故選C。3．答案與解析：B考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Allthatwork,allthoseblisters,itwasworthit.”可知，畫線詞指代的是其中的“itwasworthit”，即我們培植花園所付出的努力是值得的。故選B。4．答案與解析：C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thenewsreportertoldourstory.Itwasonlytwominuteslong,butitwasus...thewholecitythoughtso,too.”可知，新聞記者報道了我們的故事，雖然只有兩分鐘，但是它是有關(guān)我們的。我們每天看到花園都覺得我們的努力是值得的，而且現(xiàn)在整個城市的人也會這樣認(rèn)為。由此可推知，作者為他們培植花園的項目感到自豪。故選C。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——疾病防治——攜帶沃爾巴克氏菌的蚊子能夠?qū)沟歉餆醄文章大意]本文介紹了一項新的研究：研究人員在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里向蚊子的卵注射沃爾巴克氏菌，然后釋放攜帶該細(xì)菌的蚊子，讓其通過交配傳播該細(xì)菌，以阻止通過蚊子傳播的登革熱。5．答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段尾句“ReleasingenoughWolbachiacarriers,boththefemalesthatbiteandthemalesthatdon't,allowsmating(交配)tospreadthebacteriathroughalocalmosquitopopulation.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)室成長的蚊子通過交配傳播沃爾巴克氏菌。故選D。6．答案與解析：C考查代詞指代。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“Dengueisspreadwhenamosquitobitessomeonewhoisinfected,andthenbitesanotherperson,butsomehowWolbachiablocksthat”可知，that在這里指代上文所說的登革熱的傳播。故選C。7．答案與解析：C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第七段第一句“Moreresearchisneeded,specialistscautioned.”以及第二句中的“butthereclearlyaregoingtobethingstobelearnedfromtheareaswherethereductionsarenotasgreat”可知，專家提醒，還需要做更多的研究；賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)的教授Elizabeth說對登革熱發(fā)病率降低效果不明顯的地區(qū)應(yīng)做研究學(xué)習(xí)。由此可知，答案選C。8．答案與解析：A考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段第一句并結(jié)合其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項新的研究：研究人員在實(shí)驗(yàn)室給蚊子的卵注射沃爾巴克氏菌，然后釋放攜帶沃爾巴克氏菌的蚊子，讓其交配來傳播該細(xì)菌以阻止通過蚊子傳播的登革熱。故A項最適合作本文標(biāo)題。C語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)——老鼠解救受困機(jī)器鼠[文章大意]該文介紹了來自加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的LalehQuinn及其團(tuán)隊通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)老鼠可以察覺到機(jī)器鼠發(fā)出的社交信號，并釋放受困的機(jī)器鼠。9．答案與解析：A考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ratsneedtobehighlyattuned(熟悉)tosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfr