美國文學(xué)EmilyDickinson迪金森課件

EmilyDickinson

(1830–1886)TheBelle/Nun

ofAmherst1精選完整ppt課件Dickinsonquotes“Hopeisthethingwithfeathers,thatperchesinthesoul,andsingsthetunewithoutwords,andneverstopsatall.”“IfIcanstoponeheartfrombreaking,Ishallnotliveinvain.”“Dogsarebetterthanhumanbeings,becausetheyknowbutdonottell.”“Foreveriscomposedofnows.”“Successiscountedsweetest,bythosewhone'ersucceed.”“WemeetnoStranger,butOurself”2精選完整ppt課件 Thisismylettertotheworld,

Thatneverwrotetome,--

ThesimplenewsthatNaturetold,

Withtendermajesty.

Hermessageiscommitted

TohandsIcannotsee;

Forloveofher,sweetcountrymen,

Judgetenderlyofme!這是我寫給世界的信

因為它從來不曾寫給我

自然帶來簡單的訊息

既溫柔又崇高的存在

她的訊息是寫給那雙

我看不見的手

為了對她的愛,親愛的同胞

請溫柔地把我評判3精選完整ppt課件“IfIreadabook[and]itmakesmywholebodysocoldnofireevercanwarmmeIknowthatispoetry.IfIfeelphysicallyasifthetopofmyheadweretakenoff,Iknowthatispoetry.”---EmilyDickinson4精選完整ppt課件LifestoryBornintoaCalvinistfamilyDecember10,1830inAmherst,MA.EducatedatAmherstAcademyfor7years.At17,begancollegeatMountHolyokeFemaleSeminary;shebecameillthespringofherfirstyearanddidnotreturn.Shewouldleavehomeonlyforshorttripsfortheremainderofherlife,leadingscholarstospeculateshemayhavebeenagoraphobic(曠野恐懼癥).5精選完整ppt課件Until1855,DickinsonhadnotstrayedfarfromAmherst.Thatspring,accompaniedbyhermotherandsister,shetookoneofherlongestandfarthesttripsawayfromhome.First,theyspentthreeweeksinWashington,whereherfatherwasrepresentingMassachusettsinCongress.ThentheywenttoPhiladelphiafortwoweekstovisitfamily.6精選完整ppt課件Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.7精選完整ppt課件WeirdRecluse?

Shewouldsometimessendherpoemstopeopleasgiftsforvalentinesorbirthdays,alongwithapieorcookies.Sheoftenloweredsnacksandtreatsinbasketstoneighborhoodchildrenfromherwindow,carefulnevertoletthemseeherface.Dickinsonwantedtolivesimplyasacompleteindependentbeing,andasaspinster.8精選完整ppt課件Dickinson'spoetrywritingbeganintheearly1850s.Altogethershewrote1,775poems,ofwhichonlysevenhadappearedduringherlifetime.Mostofherpoemswerepublishedafterherdeath.Herfamekeptrising.SheisnowrecognizednotonlyasagreatpoetessonherownrightbutasapoetessofconsiderableinfluenceuponAmericanpoetryofthe20thcentury.9精選完整ppt課件Dickinson’sLegacyDickinsondiedMay15,1886ofnephritis(kidneydisease).AlongwithWaltWhitman,DickinsonisoneofthetwogiantsofAmericanpoetryofthe19thcentury.EmilyDickinson'stombstoneinthefamilyplot10精選完整ppt課件Sheis,inasense,alinkbetweenhereraandtheliterarysensitivitiesoftheturnofthecentury.Shenevermarried,andsheledanunconventionallifethatwasoutwardlyuneventfulbutwasfullofinnerintensity.Shelovednatureandfounddeepinspirationinthebirds,animals,plants,andchangingseasonsoftheNewEnglandcountryside.Wefindnomentionofthewaroranyothergreatnationaleventinherpoetry.Ofallthegreatwritersofthe19thcentury,shehadtheleastinfluenceonhertimes.Yet,becauseshewascutofffromtheoutsideworld,shewasabletocreateaverypersonalandpurekindofpoetry.Sinceherdeath,herreputationhasgrownenormouslyandherpoetryisnowseenasverymodernforitstime.11精選完整ppt課件Dickinson’sPublishingCareerSentpoemstoThomasWentworthHigginson,aliterarycriticandfamilyfriend.AlthoughHigginsonwasastoundedbyDickinson'soriginalityandencouragedherliteraryaspirations,headvisedhernottopublish.Dickinson'sdecidedtofollowtheadvise."Iffamebelongedtome,"shetoldHigginson,"Icouldnotescapeher;ifshedidnot,thelongestdaywouldpassmeonthechase.…Mybarefootrankisbetter."Thetwentiethcenturyliftedherwithoutdoubttothefirstrankamongpoets.Atthetimeofherdeath,onlysevenofherpoemshadbeenpublished.12精選完整ppt課件Beforeherdeath,sheaskedhersistertoburnallherpoems.Afterherdeath,herpoemswereheavilyeditedandpublishedbyHigginsonandfriendMabelLoomisTodd.In1955,ThomasH.Johnsonfinallypublishedacollectionofherpoemsthathadnotbeen“corrected.”Thesearetheversionswereadtoday.13精選完整ppt課件What’stheDifference?BECAUSEIcouldnotstopforDeath,Hekindlystoppedforme;ThecarriageheldbutjustourselvesAndImmortality.Weslowlydrove,heknewnohaste,AndIhadputawayMylabor,andmyleisuretoo,Forhiscivility.Wepassedtheschoolwherechildrenplayed,Theirlessonsscarcelydone;Wepassedthefieldsofgazinggrain,Wepassedthesettingsun.BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—

Hekindlystoppedforme—

Thecarriageheldbutjustourselves—

AndImmortality.Weslowlydrove—Heknewnohaste,

AndIhadputaway

Mylaborandmyleisuretoo,

Forhiscivility—Wepassedtheschool,wherechildrenstrove

Atrecess—inthering—

Wepassedthefieldsofgazinggrain—

Wepassedthesettingsun—Anexcerptofpoem712,or“BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath”,called“TheChariot”byHigginsonandTodd.Ontheleftistheeditedversion;ontheright,theoriginal.Notethemajorchangesinlines9and10.14精選完整ppt課件Dickinson'sreligiouspoemsShewroteaboutherdoubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects.Whileshedesiredsalvationandimmortality,shedeniedtheorthodox(正統(tǒng)的)viewofparadise.AlthoughshebelievedinGod,shesometimesdoubtedHisbenevolence.15精選完整ppt課件248Why—dotheyshutMeoutofHeaven?DidIsing—tooloud?But—Icansayalittle"Minor"TimidasaBird!Wouldn'ttheAngelstryme—Just—once—more—Just—see—ifItroubledthem—Butdon't—shutthedoor!Oh,ifI—weretheGentlemanInthe"WhiteRobe"—Andthey—werethelittleHand—thatknocked—Could—I—forbid?16精選完整ppt課件Herpoemsconcerning

deathandimmortalityThesepoemsarecloselyrelatedtoherreligiouspoetry,rangingoverthephysicalaswellasthepsychologicalandemotionalaspectsofdeath.Sheshowedherambiguousattitudetowardsdeathandimmortality.Shelookedatdeathfromthepointofviewofboththelivingandthedying.Sheevenimaginedherowndeath,thelossofherownbody,andthejourneyofhersoultotheunknown.17精選完整ppt課件HerlovepoemsLoveisanothersubjectDickinsondwelton.Onegroupofherlovepoemstreatsthesufferingandfrustrationlovecancause.Thesepoemsareclearlythereflectionofherownunhappyexperience,closelyrelatedtoherdeepestandmostprivatefeelings.Manyofthemarestrikingandoriginaldepictionsofthelongingforsharedmoments,thepainofseparation,andthefutilityoffindinghappiness.18精選完整ppt課件HerLovePoemsTheothergroupoflovepoemsfocusesonthephysicalaspectofdesire,inwhichDickinsondealtwith,allegorically,theinfluenceofthemaleauthoritiesoverthefemale,emphasizingthepowerofphysicalattractionandexpressingamixtureoffearandfascinationforthemysteriousmagnetismbetweensexes.However,itisthosepoemsdealingwithmarriagethathavearousedcriticalattentionfirstandshowedDickinson'sconfusionanddoubtabouttheroleofwomeninthe19thcenturyAmerica.19精選完整ppt課件IHIDEmyselfwithinmyflowerIHIDEmyselfwithinmyflower,Thatwearingonyourbreast,You,unsuspecting,wearmetoo—Andangelsknowtherest.

Ihidemyselfwithinmyflower,That,fadingfromyourvase,You,unsuspecting,feelformeAlmostalonelinessAlovepoem20精選完整ppt課件249WildNights—WildNights!WereIwiththeeWildNightsshouldbeOurluxury!Futile—theWinds—ToaHeartinport—DonewiththeCompass—DonewiththeChart!RowinginEden—Ah,theSea!MightIbutmoor—Tonight—InThee!21精選完整ppt課件HernaturepoemsMorethan500ofherpoemsareaboutnature,inwhichhergeneralskepticismabouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureiswell-expressed.Ontheonehand,shesharedwithherromanticandtranscendentalpredecessorswhobelievedthatamythicalbondbetweenmanandnatureexisted,thatnaturerevealedtomanthingsaboutmankindanduniverse.Ontheotherhand,shefeltstronglyaboutnature’sinscrutability(神秘莫測)andindifferencetothelifeandinterestsofhumanbeings.22精選完整ppt課件HernaturepoemsDickinsonmanagedtowriteaboutnatureintheaffirmationofthesheerjoyandtheappreciation,unaffectedbyphilosophicalspeculations.Heracuteobservations,herconcernforprecisedetailsandherinterestinnaturearepervasive,fromsketchesofflowers,insects,birds,tothesunset,thefullydetailedsummerstorms,thechangeofseasons;fromkeenperceptiontowittyanalysis.23精選完整ppt課件TWObutterflieswentoutatnoonAndwaltzedaboveastream,ThensteppedstraightthroughthefirmamentAndrestedonabeam;

AndthentogetherboreawayUponashiningsea,—Thoughneveryet,inanyport,Theircomingmentionedbe.

Ifspokenbythedistantbird,IfmetinetherseaByfrigateorbymerchantman,Reportwasnottome.24精選完整ppt課件ABirdcamedowntheWalk—HedidnotknowIsaw—HebitanAngleworminhalvesAndatethefellow,raw.AndthenhedrankaDewFromaconvenientGrass—AndthenhoppedsidewisetotheWallToletaBeetlepass—HeglancedwithrapideyesThathurriedallaround—TheylookedlikefrightenedBeads,Ithought—HestirredhisVelvetHeadLikeoneindanger,Cautious,IofferedhimaCrumbAndheunrolledhisfeathersAndrowedhimsofterhome—ThanOarsdividetheOcean,Toosilverforaseam—OrButterflies,offBanksofNoonLeap,plashlessastheyswim.25精選完整ppt課件ThemesDickinson'spoemsareusuallybasedonherownexperiences,hersorrowsandjoys.ButwithinherlittlelyricsDickinsonaddressesthoseissuesthatconcernthewholehumanbeings,whichincludereligion,death,immortality,love,andnature.26精選完整ppt課件ArtisticfeaturesHerpoetryisuniqueandunconventionalinitsownway.Herpoemshavenotitles,hencearealwaysquotedbytheirfirstlines.Inherpoetrythereisaparticularstresspattern,inwhichdashesareusedasamusicaldevicetocreatecadence(韻律)andcapitallettersasameansofemphasis.Mostofherpoemsborrowtherepeatedfour-line,rhymedstanzasoftraditionalChristianhymns（圣歌）,withtwolinesoffour-beatmeteralternatingwithtwolinesofthree-beatmeter.Amasterofimagerythatmakesthespiritualmaterializeinsurprisingways.27精選完整ppt課件ArtisticfeaturesSimpleform:Sheusedimperfectrhymes,subtlebreaksofrhythm,andidiosyncratic（特殊癖好的）syntaxandpunctuationtocreatefascinatingwordpuzzles,whichhaveproducedgreatlydivergentinterpretationsovertheyears.Dickinson’sirregularorsometimesinvertedsentencestructureconfusesreaders.Herpoeticidiomisnotedforitslaconic（用字簡潔的）

brevity,directnessandplainness.Herpoemsareusuallyshort,rarelymorethantwentylines,andmanyofthemarecenteredonasingleimageorsymbolandfocusedononesubjectmatter.Remarkableforitsvariety,subtletyandrichness.28精選完整ppt課件I’mNobody29精選完整ppt課件I’mNobody!I'mNobody!Whoareyou?Areyou-Nobody-too?Thenthere'sapairofus!Don'ttell!they'dbanishus-youknow!我是無名之輩，你是誰？你,也是,無名之輩？這就有了我們一對！可是別聲張！你知道，他們會大肆張揚！30精選完整ppt課件I’mNobody!Howdreary-tobe-Somebody!Howpublic-likeaFrog-Totellyourname-thelivelongJuneToanadmiringBog!做個，顯要人物，好不無聊！像個青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼——在整個六月，把個人的姓名聒噪——何等招搖?。ń瓧髯g）31精選完整ppt課件1.Whoarethe“they”inline4?The“admiringbog”inline8?

2.Doyouprefersolitudetopubliclife?Giveyourreasons.

Questions32精選完整ppt課件Metaphor/SimileMetaphor:Acomparison.Example:“Afrogisacelebrity.”Simile:Acomparisonusinglikeoras.Example:

“Howpublic—likeafrog…”33精選完整ppt課件

我是無名之輩，

我是無名之輩，你是誰？

你也是無名之輩？

那么，咱倆是一對——且莫聲張！

你懂嘛，他們?nèi)莶坏迷蹅z。

做個名人多無聊！

象青蛙——到處招搖——

向一洼仰慕的泥塘

把自己的大名整天宣揚?。?/p>

（汪義群譯孫梁校；《英美名詩一百首》，北京：中國對外翻譯出版公司，1987）

Translation34精選完整ppt課件There’saCertainSlantofLight35精選完整ppt課件There'sacertainslantoflight,Onwinterafternoons,

Thatoppresses,liketheweight

Ofcathedraltunes.

某個陽光斜射的時刻

在冬日的下午——

讓人抑郁，像沉重的

教堂的旋律——36精選完整ppt課件Inthefirststanza,thespeakerclaimsthatonwinterafternoons,thelightthatshinesthroughherwindowhasa“certainSlant”toitthat“oppresses,liketheHeft/OfCathedralTunes.”Somethingasweightlessas“l(fā)ight”feelsheavytothespeaker.Theweightof“CatheralTunes”wouldbequiteprofound,soundbeingheavierthanlight,buttothespeakerthat“certainSlant”causesthelighttobeasheavyasthatheavysoundcomingfromthegiganticorgansthatdeliverchurchmusic.Becausechurchmusicismeanttobeuplifting,thespeaker’swordsbecomeparadoxical:howcananinspirationallyupliftinghymnbeoppressive?37精選完整ppt課件Heavenlyhurtitgivesus;

Wecanfindnoscar,

Butinternaldifference

Wherethemeaningsare.玄妙地傷害我們——

沒有任何傷口和血跡

卻在意義隱居的深處

留下記憶——38精選完整ppt課件SecondStanza:“HeavenlyHurt,itgivesus”Theprofundityofthe“CathedralTunes”causesthespeakertoexperiencea“HeavenlyHurt.”Sheconfirms,however,thatthe“hurt”leavesnoscar,becauseitisinside;itisthesoulthatisaffectedbytheoppressionor“HeavenlyHurt.”Thespeakersaysthatthepainisontheinside“Wherethemeaningsare.”“Meaning”isveryimportanttoallhumanbeings,whethertheyareyetawareofthatfactornot.Thespeakeriskeenlyawareofthesoul’ssensitivitiestothe“meanings”ofphysicalthingsandevents,andsheisawarethattheyareinternal—notexternal.39精選完整ppt課件Nonemayteachitanything,

'Tistheseal,despair,-

Animperialaffliction

Sentusoftheair.沒有人能夠傳達——任何人——

它是絕望的印章——

不可抗拒的折磨

來自虛空——40精選完整ppt課件ThirdStanza:“Nonemayteachit—Any”Thespeakerdeclaresthatnoonecanteachanotherhowtobecomeawareofthemysticalattributesoftheyearningformeaning.While“Despair”leadsoneinthatdirection,andthedesireisuniversal,itcomestoeachoneassimplyasbreath