新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第5冊答案

Unitl

SectionA

III1.percent2.permeated3.decisive4.inherent5.literally6.blessing7.literacy8.

mingled9.distorted10.formidable11.precedent12.certified13.simulate14.doomed15.

cloning

IV1.huntdown2.absorbedinto3.haveaccessto4.withtheexceptionof5.Forthatmatter

6.Intheabsenceof7.withrespectto8.istailoredto9.berestrictedto10.callsfor11.inlarge

measure12.rangedfrom13.ignorantof14.tosomeextent15.filledwith

V1.understanding2.system3.muscles4.technique5.skills6.ability7.film8.insights9.

imagination10.resources

VI1.Inaworldfullofmisinformationitisaformidablechallengeforthestudentstolearn

toidentifythetrue,the

beautiful,andthegood.

2.Anyformofmountaineeringhasitsinherentdanger.Afterall,itisanadventuresport.

3.Theuniversitywillpermitadegreeofindividualinstmctionandthestudentsmayreceivea

cuniculum

tailoredtotheirneeds,learningstyleandpace.

4.Itissaidthattheunderstandingofthegeneticbasisoflearningwilltelluswhichyoungsters

arelikelyto

advancequicklyandwhichonesseemdoomedto"difficult"schoolexperiences.

5.IthasbeenreportedthatinCanadaliterallythousandsoflakesandriversarenolongerable

tosupportfish

orplants.

6.Incountrieswithrelativelyhighliteracyrates,booksplayanimportantpartinenriching

people'slives.

7.Theessenceofgovernmentinterventionhasbeentolimitanddistortcompetitionratherthan

toencourageit.

8.ThegreatcauseofreformbeingcarriedoutbyChinesepeopleiswithoutprecedentinhistory.

9.Practiceinsimulatedexaminationconditionsmustnotbedelayeduntilclosetothe

examinationtime.

10.Peoplehavefoundthatthelionsandwolvesintheforestoftenhuntdownliveanimalsby

cooperative

efforts.

VIITheInternet'sspeed,vastresources,anditsabilitytodirectlycommunicatewithothers

areitsgreatest

benefits.BecausetheInternetusesthequicknessofcomputerstotransmititsdata,information

cantravelat

tremendousspeeds.Speedisnottheonlybenefit.TheInternetuseshundredsofthousandsof

computersall

connectedtoeachothertostorevastamountsofinformation.Andfinally,becausetheInternet

allows

individualstohavespecificelectronicmailaddresses,peoplecaneasilycommunicatewithone

another.

vnii.可能除了教會以外，很少有機構(gòu)做主管下一代正規(guī)教育的學(xué)校/教育機構(gòu)那樣

缺乏變化了。

2.來自過去的參觀者一眼就能辨認出現(xiàn)在的課堂，但很難適應(yīng)現(xiàn)今一個10歲孩子的校

外世界，

3.但變化在我們的世界中是如此迅速和明確，以至于學(xué)校不可能維持現(xiàn)狀或僅僅做一些

表面的改善而

生存下去。

4.在某種程度上，這些科技輔助設(shè)施已被吸納到校園生活中，盡管他們往往只是用一種

更方便，更有

效的模式教授舊課程。

5.計算機將在一定程度上允許針對個人的授課，這種授課形式以往只向有錢人提供。

6.我們再也無須花費很長時間查找某個出處或某個人—現(xiàn)在信息的傳遞是瞬時的。

7.信息和虛假信息輕易地混雜在一起，現(xiàn)在還沒有將網(wǎng)上十分普遍的被歪曲的事實和一

派胡言與真實

含義區(qū)分開來的可靠手段。

8.今天，數(shù)以百萬計的信息源人人伸手可及，這種情況是史無前例的。

9.一些權(quán)威人士堅持認為這些發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)該應(yīng)用于特定情況中，而另一些人則極力反對在基

因信息基礎(chǔ)上

所做的任何決定。

10.如果年青人要為自己期望承擔的迅速變換的角色作好準備，那么必須培養(yǎng)出新的和

富于想像力的方

法。

IX1.B2.A3.C4.D5.D6.B7.B8.A9.C10.A11.D12.B13.C14.D15.A16.A17.

C18.B19.D20.A

XISchoolshavetochangerapidlyandradicallytomeetthedemandsandexpectationsof

innumerablespecialinterestsfromthechangingworld.Nowadaysfewpeoplewillremainin

thesameoccupationfortheirwholelives.Manyofthemwillmovefrequentlyfromone

positionandcompanytoanother.Schooleducationmustenableyoungsterstoeducate

themselvesandtopreparethemselvesforaconstantlychangingjobmarket.Theeducationthat

wasessentiallydesignedtomakesurethatindividualscouldcarryoutasinglejobhasbeen

seriouslychallenged.Besides,thereisastrongdemandthatschoolsshouldpermitadegreeof

individualinstructiontoeverystudent.Everystudentshouldreceiveacurriculumdesigned

andmodifiedaccordingtohisownneeds,hisownlearningstyleandhisownlearningpace.

Thetimewhenallthestudentswereworkingonthesamematerialsanddoingthesamedrills

isgoneforever.

SectionB

XIII1.Itmeansasateacher,oneshouldmakehisowndecisionsinteaching,insteadof

passivelyfollowingothers.

2.Itstandsfortheteacher'sinnervoice,i.e.his/heropinions,ideas,etc.

3.Theyareoptimistic,thinkingthatbeingateacherisvaluable,andtheyareresolvedtomakea

difference.

4.Becausetheyfindthatasteacherstheyarenothingmorethanfactoryworkers,andtheschool

systemisbarelymorethana19th-centuryfactorywherestudentscollectbasicskillsonan

assemblyline.

5.Teachers,likefactoryworkers,arebusyacceptingeverythingpassively,thereforehavingno

timetoreflectordream.Thus,theyareunabletopositivelycontributetoschooling'soriginal

purpose,i.e.,tonourishmindsandmolddreams.

6.Theauthoristryingtoshowtheresultofacceptingeverythingpassively—theteachercannot

standtallandproud;andtheinspectorswillbelievethatheiscrippled,andthat"thesuitis

well-fitting".

7.Becauseifnot,theymaybeintrouble,orbeexiledbytheircolleagues.

8.Thetailorcanbestatedepartments,schoolsuperintendents,parents,principalsorspecial

interestgroups.

9.Theresultisthatteachersbecomebusyandtired,andlosetheabilitytoknowwhatistruly

important.

10.Onlywhentheteachersactfromtheirownvoicecanrealimprovementsbemadeto

education.

XIV1.crippled2.tugged3.limped4.affirms5.nourishing6.assimilating7.nurture8.

tucked9.murmurs10.indignant11.staggered12.pleading

XV1.from2.with3.into4.on5.of6.down7.up8.of9.out/in10.with11.up12.about13.

out14.on15.out

SectionC

1.F2.T3.F4.F5.F6.F7.F8.F9.T10.F

unit2

IL1.Becausetheycouldn'tlivelongerwithoutgrowingolder.

2.BewasmorefamousforhissearchfortheFountainofYouth.

3.Theytakeabathintubsofwarmmudandreceiveinjectionsofmonkeyglands.

4.Manypeoplecanreachtheagetheyaredesignedforbecauseoftheirbeingwelloff.

5.Theemphasisisonfindingwaystoensurethatmorepeopleachievethemaximumlifespan

healthyconditions.

6.Hehatedexerciseandnevertookany.

7.Becausetheyreproducelessordon'treproduceatall.

8.Itcanhelpslowdownageing.

9.Oldpeoplewouldsoonendupasahugemajorityandtheplanetwouldhavetrouble

supportingsomany

people.

10.Theauthorthinksthatoldageisoneofthenaturalphenomena,anditisthelastpanofone's

life.

Ill1.terminating2.originates3.tempted4.afflicted5.optimum6.rapture7.adhered8.

persistent9.diminishinglO.despised11.patented12.manipulate13.promising14.necessitate

15.perish

IV1.searchingfor2.endedup3.inthehopeof4.lookedforwardto5.holdonto6.intime

7.welloff8.conditions9.involvedin10.tosuchanextent11.originatedin12.adheredto13.

perishedfrom14.sloweddown15.handedout

V1.abilities2.quality3.condition4.standard5.system6.chances7.utilization8.skills9.

efficiency10.environment

VI1.Duringthatbattlealargenumberofmenperishedfromhungerandthirstduetothe

severeshortageoffood.

2.ThisresearchprojectbasfurtherprovedthatfireworkshaveoriginatedinChina.

3.Heistemptedtogothereinpersonandcheckouthowtheaccidenthappened.

4.Atpresent,peoplehavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocurethisdisease,whichisstill

afflictingoldpeople.

5.Thecontractormustadheretothecontractandcompletetheimportantprojectontime.

6.Withpersistentefforts,theyfinallysettledthedisputebetweenthetworegions.

7.IfPartyBfailsindeliveringgoodsatagiventime,PartyAisentitledtoterminatethe

contractandclaimforanyloss.

8.Itusuallytakesaweektopatentone'sinvention.

9.Acleverpoliticianknowswellhowtomanipulatethepublicopinionandtakeadvantageof

hissupporters.

10.Theamountofwaterintileriversandlakeswilldiminishasthedryseasoncontinues.

VIIWiththe21stcenturycoming,peoplehaveincreasinglyrealizedfileimportanceof

acquiringroundeasyinformation.Ifanationcanmakeeffectiveuseofalltheinformationit

willbenefitInthefieldsofscientificresearch,education,economicdevelopment,etc.Whatthe

nationneedstodoistoestablishanation-wide"informationnetwork",soastolinkup

scientists,businessmen,educators,etc.Ifsuchanetworkissetup,itwillpromotethesecond

informationrevolutioninthecountry.

VIII1.幾千年來，人們一直想要長壽，想不變老，然而他們總是失望。

2.許多作家總是幻想著有可以長命百歲的福地，在那里，人們以各種辦法，多數(shù)是左道

旁門的招數(shù)，保持著他們的青春和活力。

3.雖然長壽的可能性已經(jīng)明顯加大了，但是在絕大多數(shù)有記載的歷史時期內(nèi)，自然界賦

予人類的壽命并沒有多大變化。

4.即使主要從理論上探討，人的壽命在寫《圣經(jīng)》的那個時候就是70歲，到現(xiàn)在也沒

有增加多少。

5.在出生后的第一年里，嬰兒不再會大量死亡，在隨后的日子里人們不會因為傳染病或

者像闌尾破裂這樣的醫(yī)療問題而死亡，也不會因為饑餓或過度勞累而死亡。

6.目前衰老研究的重點是尋求有效的方法，確保日益增多的達到最大壽限的人能夠在最

佳健康狀況下實現(xiàn)長壽，而不是僅僅在慢性病和體力衰退的折磨下再多活幾年。

7.但是，即便是對那些遵循這些忠告的人來說，一種健康的生活方式的作用只不過是使

他們更有機會保持就其年齡而言合理的健康狀況，而不會減緩衰老的過程。

8.唯一顯示的確能延長臭名的實驗是用實驗室動物進行的，受試的大家鼠灰色小家鼠接

受嚴格的飲食限制。

9.衰老過程是一個復(fù)雜的事情，涉及到許多不同的基因。但是，人們即使不能消除衰老，

最終也能夠用基因療法減緩衰老。

10.然而，老年可以說是人生戲劇中的最后一幕，當我們疲倦時，當我們已經(jīng)飽嘗人生

的一切之后，我們應(yīng)該從這最后一幕中消失。

IX1.D2.A3.C4.D5.B6.A7.B8.A9.C10.Bll.D12.B13.C14.D15.A16.D17.C

18.B19.A20.D

XII1.Dr.JohnAndrews.(Para.3)

2.TheyhopetocureDNAdeficiency,andtofixageneticdefectthatcausesasevereformof

blooddisease.(Para.5)

3.Itisaboutinjectingfunctioninggenesintotherapidlydividingcellsofembryostoreplace

flawedDNA.(Para.7)

4.TheyworrythatAndrews'technologywouldhelpdoctorstoengineerbabiesforattractive

traits,andinterferingwithgenesbeforebirthmightresultinseriousbirthdefects.(Para.7)

5.In1995itabolishedfederalfundingforhumanembryoresearch;italsomadesuchresearch

exemptfromFederalreviewsandcontrols.(Para.12)

XIIILC2.C3.B4.A5.A6.C7.C8.A9.C10.D

XIV1.threshold2.apt3.preview4.premature5.abolished6.injected7.rigorous8.induced

9.epidemic10.integrity11.abortion12.appraisal13.deficiencies14.recipient15.irony

XV1.onto2.on3.in4.at5.from6.forth7.In8.on9.to10.from11.at12.with13.of14.

out15.on

XII1.Theyoungpeople.(Para.1)

2.TheydominatedtheprotestsagainstthenuclearweaponsandtheVietnamWar.(Para.2)

3.Youngpeoplearebeingaskedtoparticipateindecision-makingaffairs.(Para.5)

4.Almosteveryschoolhasanelectedstudentcouncil,handlingschool-levelissues.(Para.7)

5.Theyarehonest,andareabletoforcesensitiveissuesoutintotheopen.(Para.10)

xni1.C2.C3.B4.A5.A6.C7.C8.A9.C10.D

XIV1.threshold2.apt3.preview4.premature5.abolished6.injected7.rigorous8.

induced9.epidemic10.integrity11.abortion12.appraisal13.deficiencies14.recipient15.

irony

XV1.onto2.on3.in4.at5.from6.forth7.In8.on9.to10.from11.at12.with13.of

14.out15.on

XVI1.Theyoungpeople(Para.1)

2.TheydominatedtheprotestsagainstthenuclearweaponsandtheVietnamWar(Para2)

3.Youngpeoplearebeingaskedtoparticipateindecisionmakingaffairs.(Para5)

4.Almosteveryschoolhasanelectedstudentcouncil,handlingschool-levelissues.(Para.7)

5.Theyarehonest,andareabletoforcesensitiveissuesoutintotheopen.(Para10)

XVII1,T2.F3.T4.T5.F6.T7.F8.T9.F10.T

unit3

II1.Salespromotion,advertising,personalsellingandpublicity.

2.Businesspeopleusetechniquesofsalespromotionmainlyintwoways:theyoftenusea

combinationofthesetechniques;theyusethesetechniquesassupplementarytotheotherthree

promotionalactivities.

3.Salespromotionistostimulatedemand.

4.Theyareapplicabletobothconsumersandbusinesses.Also,theycanbeusedwithindustrial

sellingaswellasconsumerproducts.

5.Becauseitbringspromotiontothepointofpurchase,whichhasbeenfoundmoreeffective

thanmediaadvertising.Forexample,aUSstudyshowsthatamajorityofpurchasesin

supermarketsaregeneratedbyin-storedecisions.

6.Ithelpsconsumersbecomeacquaintedwithanewproductanditalsohelpsprovideextra

competitiveadvantagetoexistingproducts.

7.Theeffectivenessofsales-promotiontechniquesmaybereducedorevennullifiedifthey

encounterpsychologicalbarriersonthepartofshopownersand/orconsumers.Sales-promotion

techniquesthatarenotconsistentwiththelocalpreferenceswillalsobeineffective.

8.Fromthelasttwoparagraphswemaylearnthat,tomakethetechniquesofsalespromotion

effective,onemusttakeintoaccountthepsychologicalbarriersonthepartofbothshopowners

andconsumers.Atthesametime,thetechniquesmustbeconsistentwiththelocalpreferences.

9.Positive.

lO.Theauthorwrotethispassageinordertodiscussvariousaspectsofsales-promotion

techniques,recommendthemandadviseusingthemcarefully.

Ill.acquainted2.magnified3.quota4.slump5.accommodating6.collided7.repay8.

amended9.whereby10.launch11.filmed12.expenditure13.stimulus14.localities15.

enlightened

IV1.assuch2.failunder3.enlightenedabout4.applicableto5.inconjunctionwith6.

becomeacquaintedwith7.issupplementaryto8.bringin9.insearchof10.givenaway11.in

nature12.putup13.collidewith14.participatedin15.beconsistentwith

V.1.education2.capacity3.knowledge4.discussion5.population6.awareness7.empire

8.operations9.links10.program

VI1.Assuch,theeventevokedcuriosityandaweinmostofus.

2.Thetechniquesofsalespromotion,toworkwellmustgainthetrustofmiddlemenin

businessaswellasconsumers.Atthesametime,theyshouldbeconsistentwiththelocal

preferencesandcustoms.

3.TOlaunchthisnewproductintotheEuropeanmarket,thecompanygaveaway10,000free

samplesforthelocalconsumerstotry.

4.Astheirlifehasbeenbettered,goingontours/tripsoutintheholidayshasbecomea

fashionable/stylishpastimeforquiteafewpeople.

5.Thepurposeofwagingthewaris,innature,tocontroltheoilresourcesinthearea.

6.Salespromotioniseffectiveinhelpingconsumersbecomeacquaintedwithanewproduct

whenitisfirstintroducedtoamarket.

7.Thenewadministrationhasrealizedthateconomicreformsmustbedeepenedinconjunction

witheffectivemeasurestakentoensurethebasicconditionsofemploymentanddailylifefor

thosepoorpeople.

8.Towardsitssalesobjectivethisyear,thecompanyofferedatrainingcoursetoenlighten

consumersaboutitslatestproducts.

9.Toeffectivelyraiseourproductivity,weshouldbringinadvancedmanagementexperience

fromothercountries.

10.ProfessorWu'slecturehelpedthestudentsbecomeacquaintedwiththeuseofthissoftware

product.Italsogavethemanideaofsoftwaredevelopment.

VIIWiththedevelopmentofamarketeconomyinChina,techniquesofsalespromotion

havebeenmoreandmorewidelyemployed.Thepopularityofvariedandnumerous

promotionalactivitiessuchasdiscounts,bonuses,andpromotionalpartieshasgrownsteadily.

Thereasonisthattheynotonlyhelpmanufacturersandbusinessesearnhigherandquicker

profits,butalsohelpconsumersbecomeacquaintedwiththeproductsinvolvedandgetsome

practicalbenefits.However,ifthesetechniquesareusedtopromoteproductsofinferiorquality,

boththemanufacturersandthebusinessmenwillbemadetopayforthat.

VIII1.一項問卷調(diào)查顯示，除去食品以外，有70%的購物行為源自于顧客在超市內(nèi)一

時沖動的決定。

2.為了使當?shù)厝四軌蛄私庠摦a(chǎn)品，該培訓(xùn)課程運用了大量圖例，以適應(yīng)他們較低的文化

水平。

3.有些國外零售商不大愿意接受產(chǎn)品廠家提供的打折贈券，因為他們擔心廠家不會補償

其在打折銷售中損失的款額。

4.貿(mào)易活動中經(jīng)常不加區(qū)分地使用這一概念。商務(wù)人員在說“推銷，時，實際上指的是“促

銷，。

5.促銷不僅可以刺激消費者的需求，也可以鼓勵中間商加大對銷售產(chǎn)品的支持。

6.有五分之三的公司開始增加對非媒體宣傳的投入，如在產(chǎn)品交易會擺設(shè)攤位，使顧客

能直接購買產(chǎn)品。

7.一家航空公司向顧客贈送打折卡，用這種卡在一家有名的服裝公司購買大衣，價格會

低很多。

8.為了將百威啤酒打入英國市場，啤酒公司運用了?美國，主題，在7月4日和感恩節(jié)播

放由美國演員在加利福尼亞拍攝的電視廣告片。

9.同時，該美國公司還得說服這些泰國中間商不要在冰箱中儲存其他公司的產(chǎn)品，并且

不要為了省電而在夜間拔去冰箱的電源插頭。

10.正如同營銷活動的其他諸多方面一樣，促銷手段也需改進。要使所用手段產(chǎn)生效果,

就應(yīng)使其迎合當?shù)厝说南埠谩?/p>

IX1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.B7.C8.C9.A10.Dll.A12.B13.D14.C15.B

16.C17.A18.D19.B20.D

XIAsChinaisincreasinglyintegratedintotheglobaleconomy,moreandmoreWestern

festivalsareenteringandinfluencingtheChinesepeople'slives,especiallytheuniversity

students'life.TakeChristmasforexample.AslongasonemonthbeforeDecember25th,the

studentsbegintheirpreparationsforthismostimportantWesternfestival.Mostactivitiesare

forentertainmentinnaturesincethestudentsarenotmuchconcernedwiththereligious

meaningofChristmas.Andmostactivitiesareeveningparties,oftenlastingallnightlong.Asa

result,quiteafewstudentsfeeltiredorevenfallasleepinclassduringthatmonth.Another

incidentstillfreshinmymindtookplacelastApril.SomeofusEnglishteachersreceiveda

noteonAprilIsettosaythatalltheEnglishclassesweretobecanceledthenextday.But

actuallywewerefooled!Likewise,studentsactinaprettywesternizedmanneronValentine's

Day.Theysaytoeveryonetheymeet"darling,love"andsoonandsoforth.Ingeneral,the

Westernfestivalsaddalotoffunandvarietytoastudent'slife.Atthesametime,onemust

realizethattheydochallengetheChinesecultureandcustomstoacertaindegree.(Words:201)

SectionB

ReadingSkills1."Many"isobviouslyarepetitionof"30,000products".

2."LouisCheskin","aspecialist"arerepetitionsof"aforerunner".

3."Array"actuallyisarepetitionof"arrangement".

4."Getattention"issynonymousto"eye-catching"whereas"shapes"issynonymousto

"graphicelements"inthecontext.

5."Kindlymessages"isrepeatedbythesamewordswiththesamemeaninginthenext

sentence.

6.Thesynonymousmeaningof"feminine"canbefoundin"completeness,softnessand

inclusiveness"and"positiveassociations".

XIII1.B2.D3,C4.B5.D6.A7.A8.B9.D10.C

XIV1.consoling2.bewildered3.array4.sensation5.inclusive6.overwhelming7.gigantic

8.deemed9.dazzled10.graphic11.consensus12.differentiating13.integral14.trigger15.

irritated

XV1.to2.for3.with4.of5.in6.of7.about8.under9.between10.to11.to12.with/by

13.against14.of15.on

SectionC

XVI1."Smartconsumers^^issynonymousto“carowners“whereas“Tricks”issynonymous

to“cleverpractice”.Therefore,theyaretakenasrepetition.

2.“Severcircumstances,,issynonymousto“severconditions^^.Therefore,itistakenasa

repetition.

3."Maintenancepractices"is"services"thatappearstwiceintheaboveparagraph.Therefore,it

istakenasarepetition.

4.Theword-adjust'isrepeatedinitsderivative—"adjusting",whichisakindofcomplex

repetition.

5.Thesamewordrepetitionof-reasonable'canbefoundinthissentence.

XVII1.Hereinthissentence,theauthorisactuallyusingironytoshowhisownhateforthe

slycarservicemanagers.

2.Theauthorbeginshisdiscussionofthetopicbypresentinganexampleofrepairtricks.

3.Theauthorillustrateshisgeneralideamainlythroughstatisticsandresultsobtainedfroma

surveyaboutautomaintenanceservicesintheUnitedStates.

4.Thesurveydisclosedsomemajortypesofdoubtfulmaintenancepractices,i.e.reasonable

servicesperformedprematurely,completelyvaluelessservicesand"ghostservices".

5.Thetwomajorexcusesare"adverselocalconditions"and"stop-and-godriving".

6.Carsellersrefertotheirspecificlocalproblems,suchasthesaltyair,hotsummersandthe

poorqualitygasolineinFlorida.Yetcarmanufacturersclaimtoallowfortheselocalextremes

intheirdesigns,referringto"severe"conditionsliketheextremelywetclimatesinjungleareas

andislandcountries.

7.Suchmentioninghelpstheuserslearnaboutthetricksinthisaspectand,therefore,towatch

outforthem.

8.1)QuotationsfromthemanagerofqualitycontrolforMazdaMotorofAmerica;

2)Advicegivenbyamanageratanothercarmaker;

3)SuggestionsgivenbytheheadoftheprogramthatapprovesAAAauto-repairshops;

4)AdvicegivenbythetechnicaleditorofCarandDrivermagazine.

9.Threesuggestionsaregiven:1)toreadtheowner'smanualandbecomeawareoftheneeded

services;2)toconsultvariousdealersandcomparetheirservices;and3)todiscussinadvance

withtheservicemanagerwhatistobedoneandreviewthecost.

10.Theauthorwrotethisarticleinordertowarndriversagainsttrickyservicesofferedby

sophisticateddealerships,andalsotohelpthemlearntoprotecttheirowninterests.

unit4

II1.Becausetheysufferedfromlowwagesandoppressiveworkingconditions.

2.Tothefirstgenerationofimmigrants,workhadgreatvirtues.Firstofall,itensuredtheirown

survival.Secondly,itmadeitpossibleforthemtoprovideabetterlifeandeducationfortheir

children,whichmeantanimprovementintheirsocialstatus.Lastbutnotleast,itwasthevery

hardworkthatgavetheirlaborsafiercedignity,whichservedasadrivingforceintheirown

life.

3.Generallyspeaking,it'sbecausethewaypeopleviewworkismuchchanged.Specifically,

therearefourcauses.Thefirstisthattoday'syoungerworkershavelittleideaaboutthepoverty

andsufferingoftheDepressionand,therefore,don'tknowwhatworkmeanttothosewho

survivedtheDepression.Thesecondcauseisthatunemploymentnolongermeanspersonal

ruinandshamethankstoelaboratefinancialcushions.Thirdly,thelossofajobnowcarriesless

personalshame,asitcanbeblamedonthewildandnotoriousbehavioroftheeconomy.And

finally,worknolongerjustservesasameansofexistenceinasocietywhereexpectationsare

gettinghigherwithrisingeducationallevels.

4.Toexplaintheattitudetoworkofthosewhosufferedtheextremepovertyduringthe

Depression,andtocontrastthiswiththeattitudesoftoday'syoungerworkers.

5.AccordingtoMaslow,workmeetshumanneedsinthefollowinghierarchy:first,itprovides

suchbasicmeansasfoodandshelter;second,itcanprovidesecurity;third,itsatisfiestheneed

forfriendshipandconnectionwithothers;fourth,itcanhelpgainrespect;andfinally,itcan

satisfythedesireforself-fulfillment.

6.Maslow'sschemeisquotedtoexplainworkers'expectationschangewithsocialand

economicdevelopment.Becauseofthesechanges,workhasdifferentmeaningstodifferent

groupsinsocietyastheyarepositionedatdifferentstagesintheworkhierarchy.

7.Thewomen'srightsmovementhasmadeitpossibleforwomentopursuecareers,notjust

workformeresurvival.Thatistosay,theyareworkingatthelevelof"fulfillingthemselves",

whichisthehighestinMaslow'sworkhierarchy.

8.ConditionsforsomeUSworkers,suchasthoseonassemblylines,maybeconsideredterrible.

However,themediaworkerssufferedmuchmoremiserythanthoseworkingonthemodern

assemblyline.ApoorIndianrubbishcollectorlivesamoremiserablelifethana"poor"

Americancarworker.TheaveragepeasantinSouthAmericaworksharderthanmostof

Americans.

9.Theauthoriscautioningthatitisimportanttohaveapropersenseofperspectiveaboutwork,

beforemakingjudgmentsonparticularsituations.

10.WorkisthemostthoroughandprofoundorganizingprincipleinAmericanlifeinthatit

helpspeopleconnectwithothersinaworkcommunityand,therefore,satisfytheirneedfor

friendshipandsocialrelations.

Ill1.esteemed2.stunned3.notorious4.conferred5.aspiration6.diluted7.hierarchy8.

foremost9.asserted10.arrogant11.dreadful12.recycling13.intrinsic14.destructive15.

gossiping

IV1.windup2.mergewith3.dyingoff4.laidoff5.closeddown6.degeneratedinto7.in

effect8.apartfrom9.irrespectiveof10.pronetol1.takesacertainamountofpeople'sinterest

outof12.kickedaround13.conferredupon14.inmuchthesamewaythat15.concentrated

upon

VI.stories2.messages3,weight4.meanings5.honor6.disease7.electricity8,tradition9.

interest10.oxygen

VII.Thosewllholeadamiserablelifeoftenfailtorecognizetheinherentvirtueofworkin

earningandsustainingtheirdignity.

2.Withthelifebetteredandlevelsofeducationhigher,theworkethicisdilutednow.

3.Theyounggenerationhasmuchdifficultyunderstandingwhytheirancestorshadtofocus

theirmindsuponworkasthecentralconcernofexistence.

4.AccordingtoMaslow,differentclassesandethnicgroupsarepositionedatdifferentstagesin

theworkhierarchy.

5.Indevelopingcountries,manytalentedyoungintellectualsflockindrovestoAmerica,which

formstheso-called"braindrain".

6.Ifacountryispronetohighinflation,thenitscurrencywillhavetobeduedtomaintainthe

pricecompetitivenessofitsexports.

7.Oneexpertinsociologybelievesthatworkisameansforpeopletobuildrelationships.In

thatsense,theworkplaceperformsthefunctionofacommunity.

8.Thedesireto"fulfillthemselves",aharmlessandevenworthyenterprise,maysometimes

degenerateintoaselfishdiscontent.

9.TomostAmericanstoday,theblowofbeinglaidoffseldomcarriesthelife-and-death

implicationsitoncehad.

10.Modemworkersmayhavealotofcomplaints.Buttheywillfeelbetterwhentheyknow

thattheirpredecessorsdidworkunderafarmorebrutalconditionduringtheearlystageofthe

IndustrialRevolution.Workisnotonlyameansofsustaininglife.Moreimportantly,itisthe

waythroughwhichpeopledisplaytheirtalent,realizetheirambitions,buildrelationshipsand

establishsocialstatus.Ifyouunderstandthisintrinsicvalueofwork,thenhoweverdullorhard

workmaybe,itbecomesbearableifithelpsbuildupareputation,whetherintheworldatlarge

oronlyinone'sowncircle.Updatingone'saimisoneofthemostessentialelementsof

self-fulfillmentinthelongrun,andformostpeoplethiscomeschieflythroughtheirwork.In

thatsense,workisthemostvigorous,vividsignoflife—inindividualsandincivilizations.

1.對于那些勉強維持生活的人來說，勞動有其固有價值這一觀點顯得荒唐可笑。

2.首批移居美國的人，其勞動的主要動力是為兒孫們創(chuàng)造更好的生活，這樣的動機使他

們從勞動中獲得了一種強烈的自尊。

3.如果某大公司關(guān)閉了一家工廠，將該廠大量工人拋向失業(yè)者的行列中，那么人們更多

地將其歸罪于疲軟的經(jīng)濟而不是個人。

4.同過去相比，今天的勞動者受教育的水平提高了，因而，他們期待更高，興趣各異。

5.那些雄心勃勃的移民至今依然擁向美國，為安全感而奮斗，而那些試圖“實現(xiàn)自我’的

自私的當?shù)夭柯湓谌艘郧熬偷玫搅诉@種安全感。

6.那些因工作造成精神缺陷而情緒消沉的美國工人，往往意識不到工作帶來的個人尊嚴

有多么重要。

7.弗洛伊德認為，成功人士是那些能夠付出愛心和勞動的人，原因是有了這種能力，任

何人都能做一些有益于社會