廣州市新版教材八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期中語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)

廣州市新版教材八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期中語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)Unit1some與any的區(qū)別some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)〞作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary.Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.2〕any多用于疑問(wèn)句、條件句和否認(rèn)句中，表示“一些，任何〞用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.Thereisn'tanyorangeinthebottle.Haveyougotanytea?any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些〞。any多用于疑問(wèn)句或否認(rèn)句中，some多用于肯定句中。Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Ican'tseeany.Ifyouhavenomoney,I'lllendyousome.復(fù)合不定代詞由some,every,no,any分別與one,thing和body組合即可得到以下復(fù)合不定代詞：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞往往用于肯定句中；而由any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞那么往往用于否認(rèn)句或疑問(wèn)句中。IheardsomeonesingingwhenIwasatworklastnight.Pleasegivemesomethingtoread.(拓展〕由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞有時(shí)也可用于疑問(wèn)句中，用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、建議等語(yǔ)句。Wouldyoulikesomethingtoread?Whynotbuysomethinginteresting?復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Somebodywantstoseeyou.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something,anything,everything,nothing等時(shí)，要放在不定代詞的后面。Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellus?Weneedonemorehelper.Canyoufindanyoneelse?Unit2基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞的用法基數(shù)詞是表示數(shù)目多少的詞用于名詞前表示數(shù)量的多少。Ihavethreepens.表示時(shí)間。It?seleveno?clocknow.3.表示年齡。Mymotheristhirty-eightyearsold.4.表示價(jià)格Thebikeistwohundredandthirty-fiveyuan.5.基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí)，不能使用百、千、百萬(wàn)、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是，當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字，如成百、成千上萬(wàn)，三三兩兩時(shí)，基數(shù)詞那么以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。Therearetwohundredpeopleintheroom.6.表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代，用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。Hebecameaprofessorinhisthirties．他三十多歲時(shí)成為了教授。序數(shù)詞的用法序數(shù)詞是表示順序先后的詞，其主要用法有表示順序Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.2、表示第幾次ThisismysecondtimetovisitNanjing.3、表示日期TodayisthefifthofMarch..〔拓展〕1、序數(shù)詞主要用做定語(yǔ)，通常在前面加定冠詞the.但序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí)，不用冠詞theMrLinlivesonthefifthfloor.Simonishisthirdchild.2.如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an,那么表示“再，又〞。You?llhavetodoitasecondtime.3.表示編號(hào)時(shí)，可用“序數(shù)詞+名詞〞或“名詞+基數(shù)詞〞。Let?sstudythefifthlesson.=let?sstudyLessonFive.三、加、減、乘、除的英文表達(dá)1.2plus2isfour.2.6minus3isthree.3.7multipliedby8is56.4.16dividedby4is4.Unit3形容詞比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)大多數(shù)形容詞有三種形式，原級(jí)，比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)，以表示形容詞說(shuō)明的性質(zhì)在程度上的不同。B.形容詞的原級(jí):形容詞的原級(jí)形式就是詞典中出現(xiàn)的形容詞的原形。例如:poor,tall,great，glad,bad等C.形容詞的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí):形容詞的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式是在形容詞的原級(jí)形式的根底上變化的。分為規(guī)那么變化和不規(guī)那么變化。規(guī)那么變化如下;一、變化規(guī)那么1.規(guī)那么變化：一般在詞尾加er或est：bright___________;以不發(fā)音的e字母結(jié)尾的加r,或st：large;___________以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為I加er或est:easy___________；以輔元輔重讀結(jié)尾的詞先雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est:fat___________〔5〕多音節(jié)詞前加more或most,副詞最高級(jí)前省略the：beautiful___________(6)局部形容詞本身表示最高級(jí)，因此他們沒(méi)有比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：favoriteround不規(guī)那么變化：good,well;bad,badly,ill;much,many;little;far;〔slowly〕★注：只有少數(shù)形容詞和副詞有兩種比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：cleverlucky常用的不規(guī)那么變化的形容詞的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞前如加less和least那么表示“較不〞和?.最不〞importantlessimportantleastimportant4.形容詞和副詞等級(jí)的用法一、原級(jí)的用法1修飾原級(jí)的詞通常有very，quite，so，too等例如，Heistootiredtowalkon.他太累了以至于不能再繼續(xù)走了。MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan?tfollowhim.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。原級(jí)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)A.形容詞“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+乙〞表示“甲和乙程度相同〞或“甲是乙的幾倍〞例如，TomisasoldasKate.湯姆和凱特年齡一樣大。TomistwiceasoldasKate.湯姆的年齡是凱特的二倍。B.副詞“甲+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級(jí)+as+乙〞表示“甲和乙程度相同〞或“甲是乙的幾倍〞例如，TomrunsasfastasMike.湯姆和邁克跑得一樣快。TomrunstwiceasfastasMike.湯姆跑得速度是邁克的二倍A.形容詞“甲+be+not+as/so+形容詞原級(jí)+as+乙〞甲不如乙…例如，Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.這個(gè)房間不如那個(gè)大。B.副詞“甲+助動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形+as/so+副詞原級(jí)+as+乙〞甲不如乙…例如，Hedoesn?twalkasslowlyasyou.他走路不像你那樣慢。二、比擬級(jí)的用法1.可以修飾比擬級(jí)的詞，much，alot，far，…的多alittle，abit，…一點(diǎn)兒；even甚至，still仍然例如LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.第一課比第二課容易得多。Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.湯姆甚至比以前更年輕。Thistrainrunsmuchfasterthanthatone.這輛火車(chē)比那輛跑地快。Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanherhusband.她開(kāi)車(chē)仍然比她丈夫還認(rèn)真。2.比擬級(jí)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)“甲+be+(倍數(shù))+形容詞比擬級(jí)+than+乙〞表示“甲比乙…〞或“甲比乙…幾倍〞例如，TomistallerthanKate.湯姆比凱特高。Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)大三倍?！凹?實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(倍數(shù))+副詞比擬級(jí)+than+乙〞表示“甲比乙…〞或“甲比乙…幾倍〞例如，Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.我今天早晨起床比我媽媽還早。Herunsthreetimesfasterthanhisbrother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍A.形容詞“甲+be+形容詞比擬級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語(yǔ))〞表示“甲比同一范圍的任何一個(gè)人/物都……〞，含義“甲最……〞。例如，TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.=TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyoftheotherriversinChina.長(zhǎng)江比中國(guó)的任何一條其他的河都長(zhǎng)。=TheYangtzeRiverislongerthantheotherriversinChina.長(zhǎng)江比中國(guó)的其他所有的河都長(zhǎng)。(3)“甲+be+the+形容詞比擬級(jí)+ofthetwo+……〞表示“甲是兩者中較……的〞。例如：Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.看那兩個(gè)男孩，我弟弟是兩5個(gè)當(dāng)中較高的那個(gè)。(4)“比擬級(jí)+and+比擬級(jí)〞表示“越來(lái)越……〞。例如，Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他變得越來(lái)越高了。Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.花兒越來(lái)越漂亮。Hedoeshishomeworkmoreandmorecarefully.他做作業(yè)越來(lái)越認(rèn)真了。(5)“the+比擬級(jí)，the+比擬級(jí)〞表示“越……，越……〞。例如，Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyou?llmake.你越認(rèn)真，犯的錯(cuò)誤越少。(6)“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+形容詞比擬級(jí)，甲o(hù)r乙？〞例如，Whichisbigger，theearthorthemoon？哪一個(gè)大，地球還是月球？“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+副詞比擬級(jí)，甲o(hù)r乙？〞例如，Whodrawsbetter，JennyorDanny？誰(shuí)畫(huà)得比擬好，詹妮還是丹尼？最高級(jí)常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“主語(yǔ)+be+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語(yǔ)〞表示“……是……中最……的〞。例如，Tomisthetallestinhisclass./ofallthestudents.Thisappleisthebiggestofthefive.“主語(yǔ)+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(the)+副詞最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+in/of短語(yǔ)〞表示“……是……中最……的〞。例如，Ijump(the)farthestinmyclass.(2)“主語(yǔ)+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語(yǔ)〞表示“……是……中最……之一〞。例如，BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中國(guó)最大城市之一。(3)“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+the+最高級(jí)+甲，乙，or丙？〞用于三者以上的比擬。例如，Whichcountryisthelargest，China，BrazilorCanada？“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+the+副詞最高級(jí)+甲，乙，or丙？〞用于三者以上的比擬例如，Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best，spring，summerorautumn？Unit1語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練單項(xiàng)選擇題Wehave______apples.Butwedon?thave_____bananas.A.some;someB.any;anyC.some;anyD.any;some2.Isthere_______inthisbook?A.somethinginterestingB,anythinginterestingC.interestingsomethingD.interestinganything3.--Is_______here?Yes,weareallhere.A.anybodyBeverybodyC.somebodyD.nobody4.Does______knowtheanswertothequestion?Me.A.everybodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.nobody5.--Peterhasnothingtodoatthemoment.--Letmegivehim_______toreadanythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothingIaskedmyfriendforsomeink,butshedidn'thave.A.someB.anyC.noD.alotParentsshouldunderstandthattheycan'tdo_____fortheirchildrenandkidshavetolearntobeindependent.A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.Anything8.Ifeltsohungryatmidnight,butIcouldn'tfind________toeatinmyflat.A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.Nothing9.TheEnglishguestcouldspeakonlyChinese,butshemanagedtocommunicatewithus.A.fewB.littleC.alittleD.afew10.-Haveyoubrought_______withyou?Wewon?thavetimetocomeback.-Don?tworry.Allthethingsweneedarehere,inthisbigbag.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.EverythingKeys:1-5CBBBB6-10BCCCDUnit2語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練--Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?--Yes,itis__________.A.856,620B.85,626C.58,662D.58,626September_______isTeachers?Day.A.thetenB.thetenthC.theten?sD.TenHowmanynewwordsaretherein______lesson?Thereareonly______.A.nine;threeB.ninth;threeC.theninth;thethreeD.theninth;three4.--Whichroomdoyoulivein?--Ilivein_______.A.Room405B.the405?sroomC.the405roomD.Room405th5.Thereare_____ofstudentsinourschoolbutonly_____ofthemareboys.A.hundreds;twohundredB.hundred;twohundredsC.Hundreds;twohundredsD.hundred;twohundred6._______plussevenisthirteen.A.FiveB.SixC.EightD.Nine7.We?rethestudentsof_______.A.GradeThreeB.ThreeGradeC.theGradeThreeD.theThreeGrade8.Theroadisover_______metreslong.sixhundredandfifty-twoB.sixhundredsandfifty-twoC.sixhundred,fifty-twoD.sixhundred;fiftyandtwo--Whatshouldwedonow,Mr.Black?--PleaseturntoPage______andlookatthe_____picture.Twelve;fifthB.Twelfth;fifthC.TwelvefiveD.Twelfthfive10.Thereare_______inourclassroom.hundredofbooksB.thehundredsofbooksC.hundredsofbooksD.hundredofbookKeys:BBDAABAAACUnit3-4語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練寫(xiě)出以下單詞的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)large__________________2.happy___________________3.big_____________________4.easy_____________________5.important____________________________interesting_______________________early____________________8.clever_________________9.expensive__________________________10.careful___________________11.good/well__________________12.many/much___________________13.little____________________14.far_______________15.bad/ill_____________________1.largerlargest2.happierhappiest3.biggerbiggest4.easiereasiest5.moreimportantmostimportant6.moreinterestingmostinteresting7.earlierearliest8.cleverercleverest9.moreexpensivemostexpensive10.morecarefulmostcareful11.betterbest12.moremost13.lessleast14.farther/furtherfarthest/furthest15.worseworst二．單項(xiàng)選擇題。__Dad,howcanIgetonwellwithmyclassmates?—Trytobefriendlytothem.Thatwillmakeitmuch____.A.easilyB.moreeasilyC.easyD.easierIthinkthesecardsarethanthosecards.A.niceB.nicerC.nicestD.thenicest—Whichcityisyourfavorite?—Hangzhou,ofcourse.It’sthe_____placethatIwanttovisit.worseB.worstC.betterD.best—Whichdoyoulike,summerorwinter?—Iprefersummer.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best—Whosehomeis______awayfromschoolinourclass?—LiuMei’s.A.fatherB.farC.thefarthestD.near6.Manypeopleeat_____meatthantheydidbefore.—Yes,that’swhythey’regettingfatterandfatter.A.moreB.lessC.fewerD.Much—Thereusedtobelotsoffishinthelake.—Yes,buttherearevery__________now.fewB.fewerC.littleD.LessNanjingisn’tsolarge__________Shanghai,however,it’sthesecond__