莫高窟(英文介紹)課件

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MogaoCaves莫高窟莫高窟(英文介紹)25km敦煌市東南部25公里處，鳴沙山上The

MogaoCaves

or

MogaoGrottoes

alsoknownasthe

CavesoftheThousand

Buddhas

,formasystemincluded492templesandanoasis

strategically,locatedatareligiousandculturalcrossroads-----the

SilkRoad

莫高窟(英文介紹)敦煌石窟敦煌石窟中國(guó)甘肅敦煌一帶的石窟總稱。包括敦煌莫高窟、西千佛洞、榆林窟、東千佛洞及肅北蒙古族自治縣五個(gè)廟石窟等莫高窟(英文介紹)中國(guó)三大石窟

LongmenGrottoesYungangGrottoes

MogaoGrottoes莫高窟(英文介紹)History

Dunhuangwasestablishedasafrontiergarrison

(邊境要塞）outpostbytheHanDynasty

Emperortoprotectagainstthe

Xiongnu

in111BC.ItalsobecameanimportantgatewaytotheWest,acentreofcommercealongthe

SilkRoad,aswellasameetingplaceofvariouspeopleandreligionssuchas

Buddhism。莫高窟(英文介紹)DuringtheTangDynasty,DunhuanghadbecamethemainhubofcommerceoftheSilkRoadandamajorreligiouscentre.AlargenumberofthecaveswereconstructedatMogaoduringthisera,includingthetwolargestatuesofBuddhaatthesite,thelargestoneconstructedin695followinganedictayearearlierbyTangEmpress

WuZetiantobuildgiantstatuesacrossthecountry.莫高窟(英文介紹)HistoryAftertheTangDynasty,thesitewentintoagradualdecline,andconstructionofnewcavesceasedentirelyafterthe

YuanDynasty.Islam（伊斯蘭教）hadconqueredmuchofCentralAsia,andtheSilkRoaddeclinedinimportancewhentradingviasea-routesbegantodominateChinesetradewiththeoutsideworldTheNorthernSongDynasty，

thetangut(西夏）andtheYuanDynasty，

MogaoCavesgraduallyhastenthedecline，

onlyrepairedthepreviousdynastyholeroom（孔房）primarily，

newlybuiltextremelyfew．AfterYuanDynasty，alongwithSilkRoadabandoning，

MogaoCavesalsostoppedconstructingandisneglectedgraduallyincommonpeople'sfieldofvision．Afterclearin1701，

hereonlythenagainmannerattention．Themoderntimes，

peopleusualnameit

“ThousandBuddhasCave．莫高窟(英文介紹)CAVESMogaoCavesarethenationkeyculturalrelicpreservationorgan（全國(guó)文物重點(diǎn)保護(hù)單位）Itisworldfamousbythefinemuralandthecast．Itsbeginningconstructsat16countries'formerQintimes，

hasbeenthroughrepeatedly16countries，

theNorthernDynasy，

Sui，

Tang，

fivegenerations，

Tangut

，

theYuanandsoonallpreviousdynastiesconstructing。莫高窟(英文介紹)Formsthehugescale，existingcavern735，

themural45000squaremeter，argillaceouspaintedsculpture2415，

areintheworldtheextantscaleisbiggest，thecontentrichestBuddhismartplaceTheMogaoCavesextantcavern735，

dividesintothenorthandsouthtwoareas．SouththeareaisMogaoCaves'mainbody，

isengagedinthereligiousactivitiesfortheclergytheplace，

some487caverns，

havethemuralormakeanidol．Norththeareahas248caverns，

inwhichonlythen5existencemuralsormakesanidol（冥想）Butafterotherallis

theplacethattheclergyleadsapiouslife（僧侶修行）Twoareatotal492cavernexistencemuralandmakesanidol，

hasthemural45，000squaremeter，

theargillaceouspaintedsculpture2415，

TangSongmuconstructscliffeave5，

aswellasseveralthousandlotusflowerpillars，spreadoutonthefloorthedecorativebrickandsoon．莫高窟(英文介紹)Thisare

248cavesofnorthwhichhasalsobeenfoundtothenorthwhichwerelivingquarters（住處）,meditationchambers（冥想室）andburialsites（土葬）forthemonks.Thecavesareclustered（聚合）togetheraccordingtotheirera,withnewcavesfromanewdynastybeingconstructedindifferentpartofthecliff。莫高窟(英文介紹)

Murals&SculpturesThemuralsonthecavesspannedalongperiodofhistory,fromthe5thtothe14thcenturyThemuralsarelargelyofBuddhisttheme,somehoweverareoftraditionalmythicalthemes（傳統(tǒng)神話主題）

andportraits（畫像）

ofpatrons（贊助人）Therearearound2,400survivingclaysculpturesatMogao.Thesewerefirstconstructedonawoodenframe,paddedwithreed,thenmodelledinclaystucco（粘土）,andfinishedwithpaintTheearlysculptureswerebasedonIndianandCentralAsian中亞prototypes（原型）withsomein

Greco-Indian

（印度希臘王國(guó)）styleof

Gandhara（古印度）.OvertimethesculpturesshowedmoreChineseelementsandbecamegraduallysinicized（中國(guó)化）莫高窟(英文介紹)EarlymuralsshowedastrongIndianandCentralAsianinfluenceinthepaintingtechniquesused

莫高窟(英文介紹)AdistinctDunhuangstyle（截然不同的的敦煌風(fēng)格）howeverbegantoemerge（浮現(xiàn)）

duringNorthernWeiDynasty莫高窟(英文介紹)themuralsoftheMogaoCaves莫高窟(英文介紹)XuanzangperformingceremoniesfortheBuddha

敦煌壁畫中的唐僧禮佛圖莫高窟(英文介紹)WorshippingBodhisattva,cave285,WeiDynasty432窟菩薩.西魏莫高窟(英文介紹)迦葉第427窟中心柱南龕隋代Dancer,cave220,earlyTangDynasty.

莫高窟(英文介紹)328窟阿難初唐322窟天王初唐55窟力士宋莫高窟(英文介紹)419窟菩薩·阿難隋384窟供養(yǎng)菩薩盛唐莫高窟(英文介紹)阿難第45窟龕南側(cè)盛唐427窟佛·菩薩隋莫高窟(英文介紹)彩塑一鋪第45窟盛唐45窟迦葉盛唐莫高窟(英文介紹)LateTangThemuralcommemorating（紀(jì)念）victoryofZhangYichaoovertheTibetans

Cave156莫高窟(英文介紹)WifeofDunhuangrulerCaoYanluCave61,FiveDynasties.莫高窟(英文介紹)Cave409,WesternXia

莫高窟(英文介紹)最大的壁畫—《五臺(tái)山圖》宋代長(zhǎng)13.45米高3.42米莫高窟(英文介紹)飛天壁畫VALUE莫高窟(英文介紹)Thetravelof

ZhangQian

totheWest莫高窟(英文介紹)Sakyamuni釋迦牟尼莫高窟(英文介紹)Banditattacks強(qiáng)盜襲擊莫高窟(英文介紹)96號(hào)窟，俗稱九層樓莫高窟第一大佛像彌勒佛高33米莫高窟(英文介紹)130窟彌勒像——莫高窟的第二大佛像

高26米莫高窟(英文介紹)158窟的臥佛

莫高窟(英文介紹)MogaoGrottoes

Art莫高窟(英文介紹)目錄一、三、Muralsart二、PaintedsculptureartArchitecturalart莫高窟(英文介紹)PaintedsculptureartADunhuangGrottoescarvedintheconglomerate,inadditiontoNorthandsouthlikehillsidestonesculpture,therestforthewoodenstructure.ThemainDunhuangartsculpturesofBuddha,Bodhisattva,king,JinGang,andhisfollowersaslux,Godetc..Theformofcolorfulcolorful,roundplastic,floatingplastic,plasticfilm,plasticgoodkarmaetc.34.5metershigh,minimumisonlyabout2cm(goodkarmawoodandmudstone),superbtechnologyandtherichsubjectmatter,calledBuddhistsculpturesinthemuseum.Plastic17GrottoesintheTangDynastyHexiallseriesofportraitsandstatuesandpaintedwithcrutchValet,andTsuTaecho,thestatuesandmuralsasawhole,isChina'searliestrealisticmonkreallylikeone,withahighhistoricalandartisticvalue莫高窟(英文介紹)Paintedsculptureart莫高窟(英文介紹)MuralsartRichandcolorfulmurals,variousBuddhiststories,mountainsandscenery,pavilions,terracesandopenhallsetc.DunhuangMogaoGrottoesmurals(11)Architecturalpainting,landscapepainting,flowerpattern,flyingBuddhaandthenworkingpeoplewerethesceneofavarietyofproductionetc.,reproductionistheartofover1500yearsofSixteenStatestotheQingDynastyfolkstyleandhistoricalchanges,magnificent.Inalargenumberofmuralsartcanalsobefoundthattheancientartistsonthebasisofthenationalization,theIran,India,Greeceandothercountriesoftheancientart,isasymboloftheChinesenationdeveloped