新視野大學英語讀寫教程第二版第三冊課件Unit-2-Section-A

IronandtheEffectsofExercisebySandyWongSept,2015Unit2SectionAIronandtheEffectsofExercisen.影響havemucheffecton…v.makesth.happeneffectachangeExpositorywritingWhat?How?ContentsStructureAnalysisDetailedReadingoftheTextNotestotheTextReviewWritingUnderstandingReadthetextquicklyandmatchthefollowingstatementswiththeircorrespondingparagraphs.Understanding359104A.Thenewexerciserswhofollowedtheirnormaldietshowedadecreaseinironlevels.B.Theaveragewomantakesinonlytwothirdsoftherecommendeddailyallowanceforironandmoreironlossfromexercisecausesirondeficiency.C.Useabettermethodtochecktheamountofironstoredinthebloodandit’sadvisableforbothwomenandmentohaveayearlybloodtesttocheckbloodironreserves.D.Ingeneral,it’sbettertoundotheproblembyaddingmoreiron-richfoodstothediet.E.Thereareseveralreasonstocausewomen’sirondeficiency,suchasignoringtheamountofirontheytakein;monthlybleeding;rejectingredmeatandnotconsumingenoughiron-richfood.21271168F.Anewstudyshowsthatinactivewomenwhostartedaprogramofmoderateexerciseshowedevidenceofironloss.G.Ifyoupayattentiontowarningsignsbeforeironreservesaregonethenyoucanremedythedeficiencyintime.H.Therearethreestagesofirondeficiency.I.Inordertocorrectirondeficiency,youmayselectbreadsandcerealswiththe“iron-added”labels;cookinironpans,asfoodcanderiveironfromthepanduringthecookingprocess;avoiddrinkingcoffeeorteawithmeals.J.Exerciseresultsinironlossthroughavarietyofmechanisms.K.Thedangeryoumayfacewhenyoureachthethirdstageofirondeficiency.StructureAnalysisPartI(Paras.1-__)WhatstudyfoundaboutironandeffectsofexercisePartII(Paras.__-__)CurrentsituationandcausesofirondeficiencyPartIII(Paras.__-__)Symptomandsolutionofirondeficiency763412Problems+SolutionsCentraltopic+Supportingdetails1Effect+2CausesPartI(Para.1-3)CentralTopic:Supportingdetails:Exercise,evenmoderateexercise,mayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen.Anewstudyiscitedtosupportthetopic.PartIPara.1

Sportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletes,particularlyfemales,frequentlyhaveirondeficiencies.NowanewstudybyateamofPurdueUniversityresearcherssuggeststhatevenmoderateexercisemayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen.IronandtheEffectsofExerciseDetailedReading缺鐵cause運動醫(yī)學專家Para.2

“Wefoundthatwomenwhowerenormallyinactiveandthenstartedaprogramofmoderateexerciseshowedevidenceof

ironloss,”saysRoseanneM.Lyle,①associateprofessoratPurdue.Herstudyof62formerlyinactivewomenwhobeganexercisingthreetimesaweekforsixmonthswaspublishedinthejournalMedicine&ScienceinSports&Exercise.whowerenotinthehabitofdoingphysicalexercises)()()(Para.3

“Womenwhoconsumedadditionalmeatortookironsupplementswereabletobounceback,”shenotes.“Butthenewexerciserswhofollowedtheirnormaldietshowedadecreaseinironlevels.”ReviewPartI(Para1-3)Exercise,evenmoderateexercise,mayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen.RoseanneM.Lyle’sstudyshows:start;exerciseironlossinactive+

bouncebackToPartIIBackgroundInformationPurdueUniversity:(A)It

isacoeducational,state-assisteduniversityinIndiana,US.Foundedin1869andnamedafterbenefactorJohnPurdue.

Theuniversityisoneofthenation’sleadingresearchinstitutionswithareputationforexcellentandaffordableeducation.BuiltuponhistoricalstrengthsinengineeringandBackgroundInformationagriculture,

theWestLafayettecampusoftheuniversitycurrentlyoffers7,400

coursesinmorethan500undergraduatemajorsandspecializationsintheschoolsofAgriculture,ConsumerandFamilySciences,Education,Engineering,HealthSciences,LiberalArts,Management,Nursing,PharmacyandPurdueUniversity:(B)BackgroundInformationPurdueUniversity:(C)

PharmaceuticalSciences,Science,Technology,andVeterinaryMedicine.ProgramsofgraduatestudyandresearchleadingtoadvanceddegreesfallunderthejurisdictionoftheGraduateSchool.moderateadj.

neitherverybignorverysmallinamount,quality,degree,etc.中等的，適度的e.g.Heisastudentofmoderateability.Inotherwords,heisaverage.

他是個中等水平的學生。reasonableandavoidingextremeopinionsoractions溫和的；不極端的e.g.Thetoneofherspeechwasquitemoderate.

她說話的語氣非常溫和。showevidenceof有······的跡象

Thosewithstrongwillandself-confidenceusuallyshowevidenceofoptimismaboutlife.

意志堅強和自信的人通常對生活表現(xiàn)出樂觀的心態(tài)。Appositivestructure（同位語結(jié)構(gòu)）

同位語：當兩個指同一事物的詞語（多為名詞性成分）放在句中同等位置時，后一詞語可用來說明或解釋前一個詞語。saysRoseanneM.Lyle,associateprofessoratPurdue…,saysRoseanneM.Lyle.SheisanassociateprofessoratPurdueUniversity.

Nowcombinethefollowingsimplesentencesintoonesentencebyusingappositives.TheancientChinesewereapeopleofinventors

anddiscoverers.TheancientChinesewereapeopleof

philosophersandsoldiers.TheancientChinesewereapeopleofpoetsand

craftsmen.TheancientChinesegavetheworldmanyofits

mostusefulthings.TheancientChinese,apeopleofinventorsanddiscoverers,philosophersandsoldiers,poetsandcraftsmen,gavetheworldmanyofitsmostusefulthings.PracticePracticeonP411.Mr.Howe,myfavoriteprofessor,hasreceivedaDistinguishedTeacherAward.2.YesterdayIwentfishing,somethingIhadn’tdoneinyears.3.Somewomenarenormallyinactivebutthenallofasuddenstartaprogramofintenseexercise,anactionthatbreaksthelawsofsportsscience.4.EvenabriefvisittoGreece,amoderncountrywithancientcivilization,givesyouadeepsenseofitsculture.Translation1被告是位年僅30歲的女子，她堅持稱自己無罪。

The

defendant,___________________,kept________________________________.awomanofonly30insistingonherowninnocenceBackgroundInformationMedicine&Science

inSports&Exercise(A)Itisamultidisciplinaryjournalfeaturingoriginalinvestigations,clinicalstudies,andcomprehensivereviewsononcurrenttopicsinsportsmedicineandexercisescience.Withthismultidisciplinaryjournal,exercisephysiologists,physiatrists,physicaltherapists,teamphysiciansandathletic體育運動醫(yī)學與科學BackgroundInformationMedicine&Sciencein

Sports&Exercise(B)trainersgetavitalexchangeofinformationinthefieldsofbasicandappliedscience,medicine,education,andalliedhealth.Ithelpsreadersenhancetheirbasicunderstandingabouttheroleofphysicalactivityinhumanhealthandfunction.consumev.

usesth.especiallyinlargeamounts消耗；花費

e.g.TheUnitedStatesimports45%oftheoilit

consumes.

美國所消耗的石油有45%是進口的。eatordrinksth.吃；喝

e.g.

Itisnotwisetoconsumemeatwitheverymeal.

每餐都吃肉不明智。supplement[n.]sth.extrathatisaddedtomakesth.better增補物；補充物

e.g.Vitamin/iron/proteinsupplement

[v.]addsth.extrainordertoimprovesth.增補；補充

e.g.Theyaredoingextrajobsoutsidetheirregularonestosupplementtheirincomes.

除了常規(guī)工作外，他們還干些零活，以補充收入。bounceback

feelbetterorbecomesuccessfulafterexperiencingsth.bad恢復健康；振作起來

e.g.WelosttwoorthreeearlygamesintheWorldCup,butwe

bouncedback.

在世界杯比賽中我們先輸了幾場，但后來又贏回來了。Tryit:Heisyoungenoughtobounceback

fromthissetback.

他還年輕，能夠從這次挫折中恢復過來。PartII(Para.4-6)

Effect(Para.4):Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomen.Cause1(Para.5)Cause2(Para.6)(AstoCause&Effectwriting,pleasegotoStructureWriting)PartIIPara.4a

Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral,affectingoneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45,respectively.Buttheratioisevengreateramongactivewomen,affectingupto80percentoffemaleenduranceathletes.Thismeans,Lylesays,that“toomanywomenignoretheamountofirontheytakein”.四分之一攝取()現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語表原因()()Para.4b

Womenofchildbearingageareatgreatestrisk,sincetheirmonthlybleedingisamajorsourceofironloss.Plus,manyhealth-consciouswomenincreasetheirriskbyrejectingredmeat,whichcontainsthemosteasilyabsorbedformofiron.Andbecausewomenoftenrestricttheirdietinanefforttocontrolweight,theymaynotconsumeenoughiron-richfood,andareliabletoexperienceadeficiency.育齡婦女()Para.5“Theaveragewomantakesinonlytwothirdsoftherecommendeddailyallowanceofiron,”notesanotherexpert.“Forawomanwhoalreadyhasapoorironstatus,anyadditionalironlossfromexercisemaybeenoughtotipherovertheedgeintoamoreseriousdeficiency,”notestheexpert.建議攝入的Para.6

Exercisecanresultinironlossthroughavarietyofmechanisms.Someironislostinsweat,and,forunknownreasons,intenseenduranceexerciseissometimesassociatedwithbleedingofthedigestivesystem.Athletesinhigh-impactsportssuchasrunningmayalsoloseironthroughaphenomenonwheresmallbloodvesselsinthefeetleakblood.導致…的結(jié)果機制伴隨著;帶來消化系統(tǒng)high-pressure高壓的high-speed高速的high-performance高功效的ReviewPartII(Para4-6)Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomen.teenagerswomenaged18to45activewomenwomenofchildbearingage1/41/580%atgreatestrisk

Effect(Para4):health-consciouswomenredmeatirondeficiencyPartII(Para.4-6)Cause1(Para.5)Cause2(Para.6)takein;only2/3oftherecommendeddailyallowanceironloss……ToPartIIIingeneral大體上/通常:一般說來,愛美之心人皆有之,但人們對美的標準各有不同。Ingeneral,itishumantolovebeauty,butpeople’scriteriaforitvaryfrompersontoperson.e.g.respectivelyadv.Thenursesandtheminersreceivedpayrisesof8%and12%respectively.separatelyintheordermentionede.g.respective:

各自的;分別的respectful:

恭敬的;表示尊重的（對待某人/某物）respectable:

體面的；正確的；值得尊敬的同根詞respectiverespectfulrespectableBlankFillingTheylistenedin___________silence.Hewasbornina____________family.Wewenttovisitour__________mothers.respectfulrespectablerespectiverespectivelyadv.upto1.Icantakeuptofourpeopleinmycar.2.

Uptonowhe'sstillquiet.3.Thisisuptoyou.4.He'snotuptothework.5.What'sheupto?多達直到做…；忙…在于…,取決于…能勝任riskn.&v.Upto2,000jobsarestillatrisk.仍有多達2,000人有失業(yè)的危險。Hetookariskwhenhecrossedtheoldbridge.他冒險過這座舊橋。Heriskedhislifewhenhesavedthekidfromthefire.他冒著生命危險把孩子從火中救出來。n.危險n.冒險v.冒…的危險plusPlus,nobodycareswherewewerelastnight.況且也沒人在意我們昨晚在哪兒。[conj.]usedtoaddmoreinformation

并且，而且[prep.]usedwhenonenumberisaddedtoanother加e.g.Thebillis$10,plus$1forpostage.匯票是10美元，再加上1美元郵費。health-consciousadj.注重健康的caringmuchabouthealthWordFormation

n.-adj.e.g.iron-rich富含鐵的;tax-free免稅的water-proof防水的safety-conscious注意安全的fashion-conscious趕時髦的absorbv.takeinagas,liquid,etc.吸收e.g.Aspongeabsorbswater.

海綿吸水。holdsb.’sattentioncompletelyorinterestsb.greatly吸引…的注意力；使…感興趣e.g.

Sheiscompletelyabsorbedinherbook.

她在專心致志地看書。absorbentadj.易吸收的absorbingadj.引人入勝的restrictv.limitthesizeoramountofsth.限制；控制e.g.Youarerestrictedtoonlytwocansofmilkpowder.

攜帶的奶粉不得超過兩罐。Tryit:Thegovernmenthasrestrictedfreedomofmovementintoandoutofthecountry.

政府已限制了出入境的行動自由。inaneffortto(dosth.)

為了…e.g.IfyouarecrazyforaccesstotheInternetinanefforttoseekstimulation,youareboundtoreapregretfromitinthelongrun.

如果你瘋狂上網(wǎng)只是為了尋求刺激，長此以往,你從中所收獲的肯定是遺憾。

liableadj.

(~todosth.)likelytodosth.badorunpleasante.g.We’reliabletomakemistakeswhenwe’retired.

疲勞時我們?nèi)菀壮鲥e。(~tosth.)likelytosufferfromsth.unpleasante.g.Theroadisliabletoflooding.

這個路段易積水。allowancen.something,suchasmoney,givenatregularintervalsorforaspecificpurpose補助；津貼；零用錢Shallwegiveourkidsmonthlyallowance?anamountofsth.thatisallowedinparticularcircumstances限額；定量Mostofourflightshaveabaggageallowanceof20kgperpassenger.

我們的大多數(shù)航班容許每位旅客免費帶20公斤行李。tipsb.overtheedgemakesb.sounhappythattheycannotdealwiththeirlifeorasituationanylonger使某人受不了；使某人難過得不得了Toomuchpressuretippedherovertheedgeofbreakdown.過多的壓力使她處于崩潰的邊緣。tipsb.overtheedge對已經(jīng)如履薄冰的婚姻,任何來自外界的誘惑都足以使其境況更糟。Foramarriagethatisalreadyonthinice,anyadditionaltemptationfromoutsidewillbeenoughtotipitovertheedgeintoaworsestate.vi.漏e.g.Thecarleaksoil.

這輛車漏油。vt.使泄露e.g.Heleakedthenewsoftheambassador'svisit.

他把大使來訪的消息泄露出去了。n.

漏洞,裂縫e.g.Thereisaleakintheroof.房頂上有個漏洞。

泄漏,漏出物e.g.Therehasbeenaleakofinformation.走漏了風聲leakv.&n.PartIII(Para.7-12)3stagesofirondeficiency(Para.7-8)Checkirondeficiency(Para.9)Suggestedwaystocorrectirondeficiency(Para.10-12)problemsolutionPartIIIPara.7

Therearethreestagesofirondeficiency.Thefirstandmostcommonishavinglowironreserves,aconditionthattypicallyhasnosymptoms.Fatigueandpoorperformancemaybegintoappearinthesecondstageofdeficiency,whennotenoughironispresenttoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthattransportoxygentotheworkingmuscles.Inthethirdandfinalstage,peopleoftenfeelweak,tired,andoutof

breath—andexerciseperformanceisseverelycompromised.疲勞力不從心)(上氣不接下氣[]同位語（定語從句）Para7Stage1Stage2Stage3lowironreservesnosymptomsfatigueandpoorperformancenotenoughironmoleculeofbloodprotein

transportoxygentomusclesweak,tired,andoutofbreath—andexerciseperformanceisseverelycompromised疲勞和力不從心Para.8

“Peoplethinkthatifthey’renotatthethirdstage,nothingiswrong,butthat’snottrue,”saysJohnL.Beard,whohelpeddesignthePurduestudy.“You’renotinstage3untilyourironreservesgotozero,andifyouwaituntilthatpoint,you’reintrouble.”處于麻煩或困難中Para.9a

However,mostpeoplewithlowironreservesdon’tknowtheyhaveadeficiency,becausetraditionalmethodsofcalculatingtheamountofironinblood(bycheckinglevelsofthebloodproteinthattransportsoxygen)arenotsufficient,Beardstates.Instead,it'simportanttochecklevelsofadifferentcompound,whichindicatetheamountofstorageofironintheblood.復合物，化合物指示，表明Para.9b

Whileactive,childbearingagewomenaremostlikelytohavelowironstores,henotes,“Menarenotsafe,especiallyiftheydon’teatmeatandhaveahighlevelofphysicalactivity.”(Anestimated15percentofmalelongdistancerunnershavelowironstores.)Beardandotherexpertssayit’sadvisableforpeopleinthesegroupstohaveayearlybloodtesttocheckbloodironreserves.雖然Para.10a

Ifironlevelsarelow,talkwithaphysiciantoseeifthedeficiencyshouldbecorrectedbymodifyingyourdietorbytakingsupplements.Ingeneral,it’sbettertoundotheproblembyaddingmoreiron-richfoodstothediet,becauseironsupplementscanhaveseriousshortcomings.Para.10b

Supplementsmayproduceafeelingofwantingtothrowup,andmaybepoisonousinsomecases.Thebestsourcesofiron,andtheonlysourcesoftheformofironmostreadilyabsorbedbythebody,aremeat,chicken,andfish.Goodsourcesofotherformsofironincludedates,beans,andsomeleafygreenvegetables.在某些情況下Para.11a

“Selectbreadsandcerealswiththewords‘iron-added’onthelabel,”writessportsdietexpertNancyClark.“Thisaddedironsupplementsthesmallamountthatnaturallyoccursingrains.EatthesefoodswithplentifulVitaminC(forexample,drinkorangejuicewithcerealorputatomatoonasandwich)toenhancetheamountofironabsorbed.”)(v.Para.11b

Clarkalsorecommendscookinginironpans,asfoodcanderiveironfromthepanduringthecookingprocess.“Theironcontentoftomatosaucecookedinanironpotforthreehoursshowedastrikingincrease,thelevelgoingupnearly30times,”shewrites.Andpeoplewhoarelikelytohavelowironshouldavoiddrinkingcoffeeorteawithmeals,shesays,sincesubstancesinthesedrinkscaninterferewithironbeingabsorbedintothebody.Para.12“Activewomenneedtobealotmorecarefulabouttheirfoodchoices,”sumsupPurdue’sLyle.“Ifyoupayattentiontowarningsignsbeforeironreservesaregone,youcanremedythedeficiencybeforeitreallybecomesaproblem.”ReviewPartIII(Para.7-12)3stagesofirondeficiency(Para.7-8)Stage1symptomsStage2Stage3+

PartIII(Para.7-12)Checkirondeficiency(Para.9)checkingthebloodproteinadifferentcompoundSuggestedwaystocorrectirondeficiency(Para.10-12)+

iron-richfoodsBestsourcesofirons?PartIII(Para7-12)Suggestedwaystocorrectirondeficiency(Para10-12)+

YesNoYesNoor

compromisev.Ourracialandculturaldifferencesenhanced

ourrelationshipandtaughtusagreatdealabouttolerance,compromise,andbeingopenwitheachother.(Book2,Unit3,Para.2)v.beaffected受影響；危害e.g.Hischancesofreelectionwerecompromisedbythescandal.他重新獲選的機會因緋聞而大打折扣。n.妥協(xié)；折中g(shù)otozero耗盡/為零/用完對于一支不知為何而戰(zhàn)的足球隊來說，其勝率趨于零。Forafootballteamthathasnoideaaboutwhattoplayfor,itschancesofvictorywillgotozero.sufficientadj.enough足夠的；充分的e.g.Thereisnosufficientevidencetoshowthatheisguilty.besufficienttodosthbesufficientforsthadvisableadj.thatshouldbedoneinordertoavoidproblems明智的；可取的Itisgenerallynotadvisableforpregnantwomentotravelbyairafterthe28thweekofpregnancy.Tryit(P43.XII.4):Accordingtothesportsmedicineexpert,itisadvisableforthosewhosufferfromfatigueandpoorperformancetoeatredmeat,whichcontainsthemosteasilyabsorbedformofiron.

這位運動醫(yī)學專家認為，感到勞累、工作效率差的人，最好食用牛肉、羊肉，它們含有最易被吸收的鐵質(zhì)。Translation4考慮到那個地區(qū)受歡迎的程度，提前訂旅館是明智的。

Taking_____________________________________

_______________,itis________________________

_____________.thepopularityoftheregionintoconsiderationadvisabletobookhotelsinadvancemodifyv.makesmallchangestosth.inordertoimproveit修改；改進e.g.

Thefeedbackfromstudentswillbeusedtomodifythecoursefornextyear.

從學生那里得到的反饋會用于對下一年的課程進行調(diào)整。undov.removethebadeffectsofsth.取消；消除e.g.Whatisdonecannotbeundone.

覆水難收。untieorunfastenbuttons,knots,belts,etc.解開；松開e.g.Heundidtheparcel.

他解開了包裹。throwupvomit;besick嘔吐Thestrongsmellmademethrowup.這強烈的氣味使我嘔吐了。Translation5服藥后若有嘔吐感，請立即停止服用并盡快咨詢醫(yī)生。

Ifyou______________________________________after_______________,______________________and_______________________________________.haveafeelingofwantingtothrowuptakingthisdrugstoptakingitimmediatelyconsultyourdoctorassoonaspossiblederivev.obtainsth.fromsth.else取得；得到Wederiveknowledgefrompractice.

我們從實踐中獲取知識。(from)havesth.asanorigin源自ManyEnglishwordsderivefromLatin.

英語中有很多詞源于拉丁語。absolutestructure（獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）Theironcontentoftomatosaucecookedinanironpotforthreehoursshowedastrikingincrease,thelevelgoingupnearly30times.Theironcontentoftomatosaucecookedinanironpotforthreehoursshowedastrikingincrease.Thelevelwentupnearly30times.Practice

非句子，作狀語邏輯主謂關(guān)系表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨、目的等主動語態(tài)——V-ing;被動語態(tài)——省略be動詞PracticeonP421.Hishomeworkdone,hiscompositionwritten,Larrydecidedtogoandseethefilm.2.Themanagersatquietlyintheoffice,(his)eyesclosed,waitingforthetelephonetoring.3.Theroomwasamess,emptybottlesandbeercans(being)everywhere.4.WhenIwalkedin,Grandpawassittingatthekitchentable,thenewspaperspreadbeforehim.5.Dianastoodmotionlessattheendofthedivingboard,tearsstreamingdownhercheeks.Translation2總體看來，棗、豆類以及一些多葉的綠色蔬菜是最好的鐵質(zhì)來源。

Allthingsconsidered,________________________

_____________________are__________________

________.dates,beans,andsomeleafygreenvegetablesthebestsourcesofironstrikingadj.astrikingidea一個好主意Hebearsastrikingresemblancetohisfather.

他長得非常像他父親。unusualorinterestingenoughtobeeasilynoticed引人注目的interferev.(with)preventsth.orslowdowntheprogress

妨礙，干擾Nothingcanbeallowedtointerferewithourplansfortheweekend.

決不允許任何事情干擾我們的周末計劃。(in)touchorchangesth.withoutpermission干預；介入Ihaveneverinterferedinhisaffair.

我從不干預他的事。Translation3正餐時不供應飲料，飲料會影響消化。

Nobeverages_______________________________

______________________________.areservedwithmealsbecausetheyinterferewithdigestionTranslation6總結(jié)這次討論時，他說雙方都要好好考慮怎樣以最有效的方法來解決這一問題。

___________________________,hesaidbothparties_____________________________________

__________________________.Summingupthediscussionshouldconsiderthemosteffectivewaytosolvetheproblemremedyv.&n.①correctorimproveasituation補救；糾正Effortstoremedythisfaultmustbeginrightaway.

要立即糾正這個錯誤。②asolutiontoaproblem;acureforpainorminorillness補救措施；治療法Warmthisthebestremedyforacold.

熱療是治療感冒最好的方法。1.導致血缺鐵

2.四分之一女孩3.

吸收蛋白質(zhì)

4.危險最大5.導致鐵離子流失6.妨礙；干擾7.氣喘吁吁8.解決問題9.想嘔吐10.彌補不足toleadtoreducedironinthebloodonein/outoffourfemaleteenagerstotakeinproteintobeatgreatestrisktoresultinironlosstointerferewithtobeoutofbreath

toundotheproblem

afeelingofwantingtothrowup

toremedythedeficiency1.恢復;振作起來：2.高達;直到;勝任:3.為了······:

4.耗盡;用完;為零:5.增加:tobounceback

upto

inaneffortto(dosth.)togotozerotoadd…to…StructureWriting1.StructureAnalysisCauseandeffectisoneofthemostcommonlyusedwritingtechniques.Therearetwotypes:FromeffectbacktocausesFromcausetoeffects2.SampleParagraphIrondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral,…Lylesays,that“toomanywomenignoretheamountofirontheytakein”.Womenofchildbearingageareatgreatestrisk,sincetheirmonthlybleedingisamajorsourceofironloss.Plus,manyhealth-consciouswomenincreasetheirriskbyrejectingredmeat,...Andbecausewomenoftenrestricttheirdietinanefforttocontrolweight,theymaynotconsumeenoughiron-richfood,andareliabletoexperienceadeficiency.EffectCauses3.TipsforwritingWriteaneffect.Offersomecauses.orWriteancause.Offersomeeffects.4.YourTaskWriteaparagraphwithCause&Effectmethod.Topic:

Humanpopulationhasincreasedrapidly.(fromeffecttocauses)2.Theknowledgeeconomybringsalotofbenefitstoacountry.(fromcausetoeffects)ForyourreferenceFromeffectbacktocausesSampleHumanpopulationhasincreasedrapidly.

Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisrapidgrowthofpopulationinmoderntimes.First,theindustrialandagriculturalrevolutions,startingin1650,ledtoincreasesinsuppliesoffoodandothernecessities—sothatabiggerpopulationcanbesustained.Second,theemergenceofmodernmedicine,startingin1850,enabledpeopletolivelongerandhealthierlives—andproducedmorechildren.Thesetworeasonsshowwhyhumanpopulationincreasesalot.(Forreference)FromeffecttocausesTheknowledgeeconomybringsalotofbenefitstoacountry.Comparedtootherformsofeconomicactivity,theknowledgeeconomyisenergy-savingandenvironment-friendly.Italsoaccountsforagrowingpercentageofeachcountry’sgrossdomesticproduct,aswellasprovidingjobsformoreandmorepeople.Inaddition,itcanhelpraisetheoverallqualityofacountry’slaborforceandtrainingmorespecializedpersonnel.(Forreference)Fromcausetoeffects鐵與運動的關(guān)系Para.1運動醫(yī)學專家經(jīng)過多年的觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)耐力運動員，特別是女性，經(jīng)常會缺鐵。普渡大學研究人員進行的一項新的研究表明：即使是適度的鍛煉，也可能會降低女性血液中的鐵含量。Para.2“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些通常不運動的女性一旦開始適度的鍛煉，就會出現(xiàn)鐵含量下降的跡象，”普渡大學羅斯安妮·M.萊爾副教授說。她對62名婦女進行了研究，并將研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《體育運動醫(yī)學與科學》雜志上。這些婦女原先不怎么運動，后來開始了為期6個月、每周3次的鍛煉。Para.3萊爾指出：“那些增食肉類食品或服用鐵質(zhì)補劑的女性能夠恢復到健康狀態(tài)。但突然參加鍛煉卻仍沿用舊食譜的人則顯示出鐵含量降低?！盤ara.4a缺鐵在女性中是很常見的，每四個十幾歲的少女中有一人缺鐵，每五個18至45歲的女性中有一人缺鐵。而在積極鍛煉的婦女中這一比例更高，女耐力運動員中，缺鐵者比例則高達80%。萊爾說，這意味著“太多女性忽視了自己攝入的鐵含量。”

Para.4b