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課時(shí)作業(yè)(三)Unit1SectionⅢExtendedreading&Project&Furtherstudy閱讀理解AIn2015,researchersfromAustralia'sDeakinUniversitypublishedoneofthefirststudiesmeasuringfood'sphysicaleffectonthelefthippocampus(海馬體),aseahorseshapedbrainregioncrucialformemory,learning,anddecisionmaking.ItisalsooneofthefirstareastoshrinkinpeoplewithAlzheimer'sdiseaseandotherformsofdementia(癡呆).255peoplefilledoutdietsurveysandthenunderwentMRI(磁共振掃描成像)thatmeasuredtheirbrains.Fouryearslater,theyreturnedforanotherscaninresponsetoarequestfromtheresearchers.Thestudyfoundthatthelefthippocampuswasbiggerandheavierinthehealthyeatersthanintheunhealthyones,regardlessofage,sex,weight,exercisehabits,orgeneralhealth.Thatmeanseatingtherightfoodsandskippingthewrongstuffcouldhelpprotectagainstdeclinesinthinkingandmemorythatleadtodementia.Healthyeatingdoesn'tjustpreventbraindecline.Itraisesscoresonthinkingandmemorytests,accordingtoastudypublishedinMarch2019thattracked2,621Americanwomenandmenfor30years.“Greenleafyvegetableshavegoodeffectsthatmayprotectbothfemalesandmalesagainstcognitive(認(rèn)知的)declineanddementia,”saysleadresearcherClaireMcEvoy,RD,oftheCentreforPublicHealthatQueen'sUniversityBelfastinNorthernIreland.Evenalittlehealthyfoodgoesalongway.Accordingtoa2018RushUniversitystudythattracked960peopleforyears,participantswhoatejustextraservingsofgreenleafyvegetablesadayshowedcognitiveabilitiessimilartothoseofpeople11yearsyounger.Howarethesepowerfoodsworkingwithyourbraincells?AnimalandtesttubeexperimentssuggestthatpoundsinhealthydietshelpnewcellsmakecopiesofDNAwhentheydivideandmultiply.Meanwhile,highfat,highsugarprocessedfoodsharmbraincells.Whilefoodservesasanimportantbrainprotector,expertssaybrainsupplements(補(bǔ)品)aren'tallthateffective.Studiesshowthattheydon'tmakebraincellsactiveinasignificantlypositiveway.“Letthebuyerbecautious,”saysDavidHogan,MD,aspecialistattheUniversityofCalgary.Astudyofnootropics(益智藥)intheNovember2019JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationrevealedthattheunapproveddrug—piracetam(乙酰胺吡咯烷酮)wasfoundinfouroutoffivebrandstested,atlevelsthatcouldcausesideeffectssuchasdepression.1.Whydidtheresearchershavethe255peoplereturnforanotherMRIscanfouryearslater?A.TotestwhethertheyhadAlzheimer'sdisease.B.Toseewhateffectsdietshadonthelefthippocampus.C.Tostudyhowtheykepthealthyinthefouryears.D.TodeepentheirresearchintoAlzheimer'sdisease.2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Healthyeatinghelpstoreducetheriskofdementia.B.Unhealthydietisamajorcontributingfactorincognitivedecline.C.Ageandsexhavenothingtodowithourgeneralhealth.D.Plantbaseddietshavegreatereffectsonwomenthanmen.3.WhichofthefollowingwouldDavidHoganmostprobablyagreewith?A.Brainsupplementsareashelpfulashealthydiets.B.We'dbettertakebrainsupplementsforconvenience.C.Weshouldbecarefulwhentakingbrainsupplements.D.Brainsupplementshaveasmanysideeffectsasprocessedfoods.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.YestoGreenLeafyVegetablesB.YestoNootropicsC.NotoIntelligenceD.NotoDementiaBFeelinghungry?Thenwhat'stheeasiestwaytosatisfyyourhunger?Manyofuswillreachforatakeawaymenuandordersomedeliciousbutpossiblyunhealthyfood.Andourincreasinglybusyandstressfullivesaddtoourneedtobuyreadymadefoodonthegoordeliveredtohome.Eatingoptionsareendless,andnewtechnologymeanswecanfeedourdesiresatthepushofabutton.Takeawaydeliveryappsmakeorderingfoodquickandconvenient,andduringtheepidemic,itprovidedalifelinetothosestuckathomewithnothingtocookorwholackedtheskillstoprepareamealforthemselves.It'sestimatedthatintheUKalone,peopleeatthreemilliontakeawaymealsaday,andthethreebiggestdeliveryappstogetherofferachoiceof100dishesfrom60,000restaurants.It'snowonderwearetemptedtoskipthegroceryshopping,bypassthekitchen,andenjoysomethingthatsomeoneelsehasprepared.Butorderingapizza,aspicycurryoraboxofnoodles,caneatapricebothfinanciallyandtoourhealth.Eatingtoomuchprocessedandunhealthyfastfoodhassomeeffectonobesityandtheriskofdevelopingcertaindiseases.Afewyearsago,BBCGoodFoodnationsurveyfoundthatmostpeopleatefastfoodonaveragetwodaysperweek.But,inthe16to20yearoldcategory,oneinsixatefastfoodatleasttwiceaday.Ofcourse,reducingsalt,sugarandfatisonewaytomaketakeawayfoodhealthier,aswellasofferingsmallerportionsizes.Butthebestadviceistofindacookingbookandtrymakingyourownhealthymeal.Andifyouhaven'tgottime,tryorderingahealthieralternativefromthemenu.5.Whathasmadeorderinganddeliveringtakeawayfoodeasy?A.Thefastpacelifestyle.B.Takeawaydeliveryapps.C.Thecoronaviruscrisis.D.Lackofcookingskills.6.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Processedfoodisusuallysoldatalowprice.B.It'sunbelievableforpeopletoenjoyfastfood.C.Fastfooddoeslessharmtothehealthofadults.D.Theyouthconsumefastfoodmorefrequently.7.Accordingtothearticle,howcanyoueatmosthealthily?A.Preparingmealsyourself.B.Eatinginlargerestaurants.C.Eatingtakeawayoccasionally.D.Addingvegetablesandfruit.8.What'sthetextmainlyabout?A.Thepopularityoftakeaway.B.Thenecessityofcookingathome.C.Theharmcausedbytakeaway.D.Thedilemmatakeawayfaces.CChildrenexperienceadvertisementsinmanyforms—onTV,radio,magazines,newspapers,movies,theInternet,textmessages,socialmediaandmore.Andadvertisementsworkonchildren.Forexample,themoreTVachildwatches,themoretoysthatchildislikelytowantandaskfor.Thisiswhyit'simportantforchildrentolearnthatadvertisementsaretryingtomakepeoplepurchasesomething.Andadvertisersalwaysaimtomaketheirproductslookgood,perhapsevenbetterthantheyreallyare.Advertisementsaffectchildrenindifferentways.Howchildrenthinkofadvertisementscandependonseveralthings,includingtheirage,whattheyknoworhaveexperienced.At0—2yearsold,childrencan'ttellthedifferencebetweenadvertisementsandactualprogrammes.At3—6yearsold,childrencanrecognizeadvertisementsandtellthemfromprogrammes,buttheydon'tunderstandthatadsaretryingtosellsomething.Andtheyarelikelytothinkofadvertisementsasbeingfunny.At7—11yearsold,whenchildrengotoprimaryschool,theycanunderstandthatadvertisementsaretryingtosellthemsomething,rememberadvertisingmessagesandrecognizesomeadvertisingtechniques(策略)likeadvertisementsoverstating(夸大)howgoodproductsare.However,theymightnotalwaysunderstandthatproductsaren'tasgoodasadvertisementssaytheyare,orthatadvertisersmightnotbetellingthemanyoftheproducts'badpoints.Tolimittheeffectsofadvertisingonschoolagechildren,themostimportantthingparentscandoistalkaboutadvertisementsandencouragetheirchildrentothinkaboutwhatthey'retryingtodo.It'sagoodideatofocusontheadvertisementsthatachildseesmostoften.Forexample,parentscangettheirchildrenthinkinganddevelopingaquestioningattitude.Askquestionslike:What'stheproductinthisadvertisement?Whatisitfor?Whoisitfor?The

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