高中英語課時作業(yè)（譯林版選修第一冊）課時作業(yè)(三)　

課時作業(yè)(三)Unit1SectionⅢExtendedreading&Project&Furtherstudy閱讀理解AIn2015,researchersfromAustralia'sDeakinUniversitypublishedoneofthefirststudiesmeasuringfood'sphysicaleffectonthelefthippocampus(海馬體),aseahorseshapedbrainregioncrucialformemory,learning,anddecisionmaking.ItisalsooneofthefirstareastoshrinkinpeoplewithAlzheimer'sdiseaseandotherformsofdementia(癡呆).255peoplefilledoutdietsurveysandthenunderwentMRI(磁共振掃描成像)thatmeasuredtheirbrains.Fouryearslater,theyreturnedforanotherscaninresponsetoarequestfromtheresearchers.Thestudyfoundthatthelefthippocampuswasbiggerandheavierinthehealthyeatersthanintheunhealthyones,regardlessofage,sex,weight,exercisehabits,orgeneralhealth.Thatmeanseatingtherightfoodsandskippingthewrongstuffcouldhelpprotectagainstdeclinesinthinkingandmemorythatleadtodementia.Healthyeatingdoesn'tjustpreventbraindecline.Itraisesscoresonthinkingandmemorytests,accordingtoastudypublishedinMarch2019thattracked2，621Americanwomenandmenfor30years.“Greenleafyvegetableshavegoodeffectsthatmayprotectbothfemalesandmalesagainstcognitive(認(rèn)知的)declineanddementia，”saysleadresearcherClaireMcEvoy,RD,oftheCentreforPublicHealthatQueen'sUniversityBelfastinNorthernIreland.Evenalittlehealthyfoodgoesalongway.Accordingtoa2018RushUniversitystudythattracked960peopleforyears,participantswhoatejustextraservingsofgreenleafyvegetablesadayshowedcognitiveabilitiessimilartothoseofpeople11yearsyounger.Howarethesepowerfoodsworkingwithyourbraincells?AnimalandtesttubeexperimentssuggestthatpoundsinhealthydietshelpnewcellsmakecopiesofDNAwhentheydivideandmultiply.Meanwhile,highfat,highsugarprocessedfoodsharmbraincells.Whilefoodservesasanimportantbrainprotector,expertssaybrainsupplements(補(bǔ)品)aren'tallthateffective.Studiesshowthattheydon'tmakebraincellsactiveinasignificantlypositiveway.“Letthebuyerbecautious，”saysDavidHogan,MD,aspecialistattheUniversityofCalgary.Astudyofnootropics(益智藥)intheNovember2019JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationrevealedthattheunapproveddrug—piracetam(乙酰胺吡咯烷酮)wasfoundinfouroutoffivebrandstested,atlevelsthatcouldcausesideeffectssuchasdepression．1．Whydidtheresearchershavethe255peoplereturnforanotherMRIscanfouryearslater?A．TotestwhethertheyhadAlzheimer'sdisease.B．Toseewhateffectsdietshadonthelefthippocampus.C．Tostudyhowtheykepthealthyinthefouryears.D．TodeepentheirresearchintoAlzheimer'sdisease.2．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A．Healthyeatinghelpstoreducetheriskofdementia.B．Unhealthydietisamajorcontributingfactorincognitivedecline.C．Ageandsexhavenothingtodowithourgeneralhealth.D．Plantbaseddietshavegreatereffectsonwomenthanmen.3．WhichofthefollowingwouldDavidHoganmostprobablyagreewith?A．Brainsupplementsareashelpfulashealthydiets.B．We'dbettertakebrainsupplementsforconvenience.C．Weshouldbecarefulwhentakingbrainsupplements.D．Brainsupplementshaveasmanysideeffectsasprocessedfoods.4．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．YestoGreenLeafyVegetablesB．YestoNootropicsC．NotoIntelligenceD．NotoDementiaBFeelinghungry?Thenwhat'stheeasiestwaytosatisfyyourhunger?Manyofuswillreachforatakeawaymenuandordersomedeliciousbutpossiblyunhealthyfood.Andourincreasinglybusyandstressfullivesaddtoourneedtobuyreadymadefoodonthegoordeliveredtohome.Eatingoptionsareendless,andnewtechnologymeanswecanfeedourdesiresatthepushofabutton.Takeawaydeliveryappsmakeorderingfoodquickandconvenient,andduringtheepidemic,itprovidedalifelinetothosestuckathomewithnothingtocookorwholackedtheskillstoprepareamealforthemselves.It'sestimatedthatintheUKalone,peopleeatthreemilliontakeawaymealsaday,andthethreebiggestdeliveryappstogetherofferachoiceof100dishesfrom60,000restaurants.It'snowonderwearetemptedtoskipthegroceryshopping,bypassthekitchen,andenjoysomethingthatsomeoneelsehasprepared.Butorderingapizza,aspicycurryoraboxofnoodles,caneatapricebothfinanciallyandtoourhealth.Eatingtoomuchprocessedandunhealthyfastfoodhassomeeffectonobesityandtheriskofdevelopingcertaindiseases.Afewyearsago,BBCGoodFoodnationsurveyfoundthatmostpeopleatefastfoodonaveragetwodaysperweek.But,inthe16to20yearoldcategory,oneinsixatefastfoodatleasttwiceaday.Ofcourse,reducingsalt,sugarandfatisonewaytomaketakeawayfoodhealthier,aswellasofferingsmallerportionsizes.Butthebestadviceistofindacookingbookandtrymakingyourownhealthymeal.Andifyouhaven'tgottime,tryorderingahealthieralternativefromthemenu.5．Whathasmadeorderinganddeliveringtakeawayfoodeasy?A．Thefastpacelifestyle.B．Takeawaydeliveryapps.C．Thecoronaviruscrisis.D．Lackofcookingskills.6．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A．Processedfoodisusuallysoldatalowprice.B．It'sunbelievableforpeopletoenjoyfastfood.C．Fastfooddoeslessharmtothehealthofadults.D．Theyouthconsumefastfoodmorefrequently.7．Accordingtothearticle,howcanyoueatmosthealthily?A．Preparingmealsyourself.B．Eatinginlargerestaurants.C．Eatingtakeawayoccasionally.D．Addingvegetablesandfruit.8．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．Thepopularityoftakeaway.B．Thenecessityofcookingathome.C．Theharmcausedbytakeaway.D．Thedilemmatakeawayfaces.CChildrenexperienceadvertisementsinmanyforms—onTV,radio,magazines,newspapers,movies,theInternet,textmessages,socialmediaandmore.Andadvertisementsworkonchildren.Forexample,themoreTVachildwatches,themoretoysthatchildislikelytowantandaskfor.Thisiswhyit'simportantforchildrentolearnthatadvertisementsaretryingtomakepeoplepurchasesomething.Andadvertisersalwaysaimtomaketheirproductslookgood,perhapsevenbetterthantheyreallyare.Advertisementsaffectchildrenindifferentways.Howchildrenthinkofadvertisementscandependonseveralthings,includingtheirage,whattheyknoworhaveexperienced.At0—2yearsold,childrencan'ttellthedifferencebetweenadvertisementsandactualprogrammes.At3—6yearsold,childrencanrecognizeadvertisementsandtellthemfromprogrammes,buttheydon'tunderstandthatadsaretryingtosellsomething.Andtheyarelikelytothinkofadvertisementsasbeingfunny.At7—11yearsold,whenchildrengotoprimaryschool,theycanunderstandthatadvertisementsaretryingtosellthemsomething,rememberadvertisingmessagesandrecognizesomeadvertisingtechniques(策略)likeadvertisementsoverstating(夸大)howgoodproductsare.However,theymightnotalwaysunderstandthatproductsaren'tasgoodasadvertisementssaytheyare,orthatadvertisersmightnotbetellingthemanyoftheproducts'badpoints.Tolimittheeffectsofadvertisingonschoolagechildren,themostimportantthingparentscandoistalkaboutadvertisementsandencouragetheirchildrentothinkaboutwhatthey'retryingtodo.It'sagoodideatofocusontheadvertisementsthatachildseesmostoften.Forexample,parentscangettheirchildrenthinkinganddevelopingaquestioningattitude.Askquestionslike:What'stheproductinthisadvertisement?Whatisitfor?Whoisitfor?The