2016年英語六級(jí)真題及答案

2016年6月英語六級(jí)真題及答案

卷一

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonliving

inthevirtualworld.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenpeople

spendmoreandmoretimeinthevirtualworldinsteadofinteractingin

therealworld.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomore

than200words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1-withasingleline

throughthecentre.

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Projectorganizer.

B)Publicrelationsofficer.

C)Marketingmanager.

D)Marketresearchconsultant.

2.A)Quantitativeadvertisingresearch.

B)Questionnairedesign.

C)Researchmethodology.

D)Interviewertraining.

3.A)Theyareintensivestudiesofpeople'sspendinghabits.

B)Theyexaminerelationsbetweenproducersandcustomers.

C)Theylookfornewandeffectivewaystopromoteproducts.

D)Theystudytrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongperiod.

4.A)Thelackofpromotionopportunity.

B)Checkingchartsandtables.

C)Designingquestionnaires.

D)Thepersistentintensity.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)HisviewonCanadianuniversities.

B)Hisunderstandingofhighereducation.

C)Hissuggestionsfbrimprovementsinhighereducation.

D)HiscomplaintaboutbureaucracyinAmericanuniversities.

6.A)Itiswelldesigned.

B)Itisratherinflexible.

C)Itvariesamonguniversities.

D)Ithasundergonegreatchanges.

7.A)TheUnitedStatesandCanadacanlearnfromeachother.

B)Publicuniversitiesareoftensuperiortoprivateuniversities.

C)Everyoneshouldbegivenequalaccesstohighereducation.

D)Privateschoolsworkmoreefficientlythanpublicinstitutions.

8.A)Universitysystemsvaryfromcountrytocountry.

B)Efficiencyisessentialtouniversitymanagement.

C)Itishardtosaywhichisbetter,apublicuniversityoraprivateone.

D)ManyprivateuniversitiesintheU.S.areactuallylargebureaucracies.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,

youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe

bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)fB),C)andD).Thenmark

thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Government'sroleinresolvinganeconomiccrisis.

B)Theworseningrealwagesituationaroundtheworld.

C)IndicationsofeconomicrecoveryintheUnitedStates.

D)Theimpactofthecurrenteconomiccrisisonpeople'slife.

10.A)Theywillfeellesspressuretoraiseemployees5wages.

B)Theywillfeelfreetochoosethemostsuitableemployees.

C)Theywillfeelinclinedtoexpandtheirbusinessoperations.

D)Theywillfeelmoreconfidentincompetingwiththeirrivals.

11.A)Employeesandcompaniescooperatetopullthroughtheeconomiccrisis.

B)Governmentandcompaniesjoinhandstocreatejobsfortheunemployed.

C)Employeesworkshorterhourstoavoidlayoffs.

D)learnworkwillbeencouragedincompanies.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Whethermemorysupplementswork.

B)Whetherherbalmedicineworkswonders.

C)Whetherexerciseenhancesone'smemory.

D)Whetheramagicmemorypromisessuccess.

13.A)Theyhelptheelderlymorethantheyoung.

B)Theyarebeneficialinonewayoranother.

C)Theygenerallydonothavesideeffects.

D)Theyarenotbasedonrealscience.

14.A)Theyareavailableatmostcountryfairs.

B)Theyaretakeninrelativelyhighdosage.

C)Theyarecollectedorgrownbyfarmers.

D)Theyareprescribedbytrainedpractitioners.

15.A)Theyhaveoftenprovedtobeashelpfulasdoingmentalexercise.

B)Takingthemwithothermedicationsmightentailunnecessaryrisks.

C)Theireffectlastsonlyashorttime.

D)Manyhavebenefitedfromthem.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowed

bythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillheplayedonlyonce.After

youhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA)fB),C)andD),Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Howcatastrophicnaturaldisastersturnouttobetodevelopingnations.

B)HowtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationstudiesnaturaldisasters.

C)Howpowerlesshumansappeartobeinfaceofnaturaldisasters.

D)Howthenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbereduced.

17.A)Bytrainingrescueteamsforemergencies.

B)Bytakingstepstopreparepeoplefbrthem.

C)Bychangingpeople'sviewsofnature.

D)Byrelocatingpeopletosaferplaces.

18.A)Howpreventiveactioncanreducethelossoflife.

B)HowcourageousCubansareinfaceofdisasters.

C)HowCubanssufferfromtropicalstorms.

D)Howdestructivetropicalstormscanbe.

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)PaybacktheirloanstotheAmericangovernment.

B)Provideloanstothoseinseverefinancialdifficulty.

C)Contributemoretothegoalofawiderrecovery.

D)Speeduptheirrecoveryfromthehousingbubble.

20.A)Somebanksmayhavetomergewithothers.

B)Manysmallerregionalbanksaregoingtofail.

C)Itwillbehardforbankstoprovidemoreloans.

D)Manybankswillhavetolayoffsomeemployees.

21.A)Itwillworkcloselywiththegovernment.

B)Itwillendeavortowriteoffbadloans.

C)Itwilltrytolowertheinterestrate.

D)Itwilltrytoprovidemoreloans.

22.A)Itwon'thelptheAmericaneconomytoturnaround.

B)Itwon*tdoanygoodtothemajorcommercialbanks.

C)ItwillwintheapprovaloftheObamaadministration.

D)Itwillbenecessaryiftheeconomystartstoshrinkagain.

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Beingunabletolearnnewthings.

B)Beingratherslowtomakechanges.

C)Losingtempermoreandmoreoften.

D)Losingtheabilitytogetonwithothers.

24.A)Cognitivestimulation.

B)Communityactivity.

C)Balanceddiet.

D)Freshair.

25.A)Ignoringthesignsandsymptomsofaging.

B)Adoptinganoptimisticattitudetowardslife.

C)Endeavoringtogiveupunhealthylifestyles.

D)Seekingadvicefromdoctorsfromtimetotime.

PartIDReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youare<requiiAdto

selectonewordfbreachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninaword

bankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefore

makingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsin

thebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Pursuingacareerisanessentialpartofadolescentdevelopment."Theadolescent

becomesanadultwhenhe26arealjob."TocognitiveresearcherslikePiaget,

adulthoodmeantthebeginningofan27.

Piagetarguedthatonceadolescentsentertheworldofwork,theirnewly

acquiredabilitytoformhypoth-esesallowsthemtocreaterepresentationsthataretoo

ideal.The28ofsuchideals,withoutthetemperingoftherealityofajoborprofession,

rapidlyleadsadolescentstobecome29ofthenon-idealisticworldandtopressfbr

reforminacharacteristicallyadolescentway.Piagetsaid:"Trueadaptationtosociety

comes30whentheadolescentreformerattemptstoputhisideastowork.”

Ofcourse,youthfulidealismisoftencourageous,andnoonelikestogiveup

dreams.Perhaps,taken31outofcontext,Piaget'sstatementseemsharsh.Whathe

was32.however,isthewayrealitycanmodifyidealisticviews.Somepeoplereferto

suchmodificationasmaturity.Piagetarguedthatattainingandacceptingavocationis

oneofthebestwaystomodifyidealizedviewsandtomature.

Ascareersandvocationsbecomelessavailableduringtimesof33,adolescents

maybeespeciallyhardhit.Suchdifficulteconomictimesmayleavemany

adolescents34abouttheirrolesinsociety.Forthisreason,communityinterventions

andgovernmentjobprogramsthatoffersummerandvacationworkarenotonly

economically35butalsohelptostimulatetheadolescent'ssenseofworth.

A)Automatically

B)Beneficial

C)Capturing

D)Confused

E)Emphasizing

F)Entrance

G)Excited

H)Existence

I)Incidentally

J)Intolerant

K)Occupation

L)Promises

M)Recession

N)Slightly

O)Undertakes

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneofthe

paragraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationis

derived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraph

ismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Cansocietiesberichandgreen?

[A]Ifoureconomiesaretoflourish,ifglobalpovertyistobeeliminatedandif

thewell-beingoftheworld'speopleenhanced一notjustinthisgenerationbutin

succeedinggenerations一wemustmakesurewetakecareofthenaturalenvironment

andresourcesonwhichoureconomicactivitydepends.nThatstatementcomesnot,as

youmightimagine,fromastereotypicaltree-hugging,save-the-worldgreenie（環(huán)保

主義者），butfromGordonBrown,apoliticianwithareputationforrigour,

thoroughnessandaboveall,caution.

[B]Asurprisingthingforthemanwhorunsoneoftheworld'smostpowerful

economiestosay?Perhaps,thoughintherun-uptothefive-yearreviewofthe

Millennium（千年的）Goals,heisfarfromalone.Therootsofhisspeech,givenin

MarchattheroundtablemeetingofenvironmentandenergyministersfromtheG20

groupofnations,stretchbackto1972,andtheUnitedNationsConferenceonthe

HumanEnvironmentinStockholm.

[C]"Theprotectionandimprovementofthehumanenvironmentis<aAmajor

issuewhichaffectsthewellbeingofpeoplesandeconomicdevelopmentthroughout

theworld,'1readthefinaldeclarationfromthisgathering,thefirstofasequence

whichwouldleadtotheRiodeJaneiroEarthSummitin1992andtheWorld

DevelopmentSummitinJohannesburgthreeyearsago.

[D]HuntthroughthereportspreparedbyUNagenciesanddevelopmentgroups

一manyforconferencessuchasthisyear'sMillenniumGoalsreview-andyouwill

findthatthelinkagebetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicprogressisa

commonthread.

[E]Managingecosystemssustainablyismoreprofitablethanexploitingthem,

accordingtotheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment.Butfindinghardevidenceto

supportthethesisisnotsoeasy.Thoughtsturnfirsttosomesortofglobalstatistic,

someindicatorwhichwouldratethewealthofnationsinbotheconomicand

environmentaltermsandshowarelationshipbetweenthetwo.

[F]Ifsuchanindicatorexists,itiswellhidden.Andonreflection,thisisnot

surprising;thesingleword"environment”hassomanydimensions,andthereareso

manyotherfactorsaffectingwealth—suchastheoildeposits—thatteasingouta

simpleeconomy-environmentrelationshipwouldbealmostimpossible.

[G]TheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment,avastfour-yearglobalstudywhich

reporteditsinitialconclusionsearlierthisyear,foundreasonstobelievethat

managingecosystemsustainably—workingwithnatureratherthanaganistit—might

belessprofitableintheshortterm,butcertainlybringslong-termrewards.

[H]AndtheWorldResourceInstitute（WRI）initsWorldResource2005report,

issuedattheendofAugust,producedseveralsuchexamplesfromAfricaandAsia;it

alsodemonstratedthatenvironmentaldegradationaffectsthepoormorethantherich,

aspoorerpeoplederiveamuchhigherproportionoftheirincomedirectlyfromthe

naturalresourcesaroundthem.

[I]Buttherearealsomanyexamplesofgrowingwealthbytrashingthe

environment,inrichandpoorpartsoftheworldalike,whetherthroughunregulated

mineralextraction,drasticwateruseforagriculture,slash-and-bumfarming,or

fossil-fuel-guzzling（大量消耗）transport.Ofcourse,suchgrowthmaynotpersistin

thelongterm一whichiswhatMr.BrownandtheStockholmdeclarationwereboth

attemptingtopointout.Perhapsthebestexampleofboomgrowthandbustdeclineis

theGrandBanksfishery.Foralmostfivecenturiesaverylargesupplyofcod（繡

魚）providedabundantrawmaterialforanindustrywhichatitspeakemployedabout

40,000people,sustainingentirecommunitiesinNewfoundland.Then,abruptly,the

codpopulationcollapsed.Therewerenolongerenoughfishintheseaforthestockto

maintainitself；letaloneanindustry.Morethanadecadelater,therewasnosignof

theecosystemrebuildingitself.Ithad,apparently,beenfishedoutofexistence;and

theoncemightyNewfoundlandfleetnowgropesaboutfranticallyforcrabonthesea

floor.

[J]Thereisaviewthatmodemhumansareinevitablysowingtheseedsofa

globalGrandBanks-styledisaster.Theideaisthatwearetakingmoreoutofwhat

youmightcalltheplanetsenvironmentalbankbalancethanitcansustain;weare

livingbeyondourecologicalmeans.Onerecentstudyattemptedtocalculatethe

extentofthis"ecologicalovershootofthehumaneconomy'*,andfoundthatweare

using1.2Earthrs-worthofenvironmentalgoodsandservices一theimplicationbeing

thatatsomepointthedebtwillbecalledin,andallthoseservices一thetingswhich

theplanetdoesforusforfree-willgrindtoahalt.

[K]Whetherthisisright,andifsowhereandwhentheecologicalaxewillfall,is

hardtodeterminewithanyprecision——whichiswhygovernmentsandfinancial

institutionsareonlybeginningtobringsuchrisksintotheireconomiccalculations.It

isalsothereasonwhydevelopmentagenciesarenotunitedintheirviewof

environmentalissues;whilesome,liketheWRI,maintainthatenvironmental

progressneedstogohand-in-handwitheconomicdevelopment,othersarguethatthe

priorityistobuildathrivingeconomyandthenusethewealthcreatedtotackle

environmentaldegradation.

[L]Thisviewassumesthatrichsocietieswillinvestinenvironmentalcare.But

isthisright?Dothingsgetbetterorworseaswegetricher?HeretheStockholm

declarationisambiguous.Inthedevelopingcountries,nitsays,"mostofthe

environmentalproblemsarecausedbyunder-development.Soitissayingthat

economicdevelopmentshouldmakefbracleanerworld?Notnecessarily;Inthe

industrializedcountries,environmentalproblemsaregenerallyrelatedto

industrializationandtechnologicaldevelopment,'*itcontinues.Inotherwords,poor

andrichbothover-exploitthenaturalworld,butfordifferentreasons.Ifssimplynot

truethateconomicgrowthwillsurelymakeourworldcleaner.

[M]Clearly,richersocietiesareabletoprovideenvironmentalimprovements

whichliewellbeyondthereachofpoorercommunities.Citizensofwealthynations

demandnationalparks,cleanrivers,cleanairandpoison-freefood.Theyalso,

however,usefarmorenaturalresources一fuel,water(allthosebathsandgolfcourses)

andbuildingmaterials.

[N]Acasecanbemadethatrichnationsexportenvironmentalproblems,the

mostgraphicexamplebeingclimatechange.Asacountry'swealthgrows,sodoits

greenhousegasemissions.Thefiguresavailablewillnotbecompletelyaccurate.

Measuringemissionsisnotaprecisescience,particularlywhenitcomestoissues

surroundinglanduse;notallnationshavereleasedup-to-datedata,andinanycase,

emissionsfromsomesectorssuchasaviationarenotincludedinnationalstatistics.

Butthedataisexactenoughforacleartrendtobeeasilydiscernible.Ascountries

becomericher,theyproducemoregreenhousegases;andtheimpactofthosegases

willfallprimarilyinpoorpartsoftheworld.

[O]Wealthisnot,ofcourse,theonlyfactorinvolved.TheaverageNorwegianis

betterorthantheaverageUScitizen,butcontributesabouthalfasmuchtoclimate

change.ButcouldNorwaykeepitsstandardoflivingandyetcutitsemissionsto

MoroccanorevenEthiopianlevels?Thatquestion,repeatedacrossadozen

environmentalissuesandacrossourdiverseplanet,iswhatwillultimatelydetermine

whetherthehumanraceislivingbeyonditsecologicalmeansasitpursueseconomic

revival.

36.Examplesshowthatbothrichandpoorcountriesexploitedtheenvironment

foreconomicprogress.

37.Environmentalprotectionandimprovementbenefitpeopleallovertheworld.

38.Itisnotnecessarilytruethateconomicgrowthwillmakeourworldcleaner.

39.ThecommonthemeoftheUNreportsistherelationbetweenenvironmental

protectionandeconomicgrowth.

40.Developmentagenciesdisagreeregardinghowtotackleenvironmentissues

whileensuringeconomicprogress.

41.Itisdifficulttofindsolidevidencetoproveenvironmentalfriendliness

generatesmoreprofitsthanexploitingthenaturalenvironment.

42.Sustainablemanagementofecosystemswillproverewardinginthelongrun.

43.Apoliticiannotedfbrbeingcautiousassertsthatsustainablehuman

developmentdependsonthenaturalenvironment.

44.Poorcountrieswillhavetobearthecostfbrrichnations1economic

development.

45.Onerecentstudywarnsusofthedangeroftheexhaustionofnatural

resourcesonEarth.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

andmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecenter.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Interactivetelevisionadvertising,whichallowsviewerstousetheirremote

controlstoclickonadvertisements,hasbeenpushedforyears：Nearlyadecadeago

itwaspredictedthatviewersof“Friends"，apopularsituationcomedy,wouldsoonbe

abletopurchaseasweaterlikeJenniferAniston'swithafewtapsontheirremote

control."It'sbeentheyearofinteractivetelevisionadvertisingforthelasttenor

twelveyears/saysColinDixonofadigital-mediaconsultancy.

SothenewsthatCablevision,anAmericancablecompany,wasrollingout

interactiveadvertisementstoallitscustomersonOctober6thwasgreetedwithsome

skepticism.Duringcommercials,anoverlaywillappearatthebottomofthescreen,

promptingviewerstopressabuttontorequestafreesampleororderacatalogue.

Cablevisionhopestoallowcustomerstobuythingswiththeirremotecontrolsearly

nextyear.

Televisionadvertisingcoulddowithaboost.Spendingfellby10%inthefirst

halfoftheyear.Thepopularizationofdigitalvideorecordershascausedadvertisers

toworrythattheircommercialswillbeskipped.SomeareturningtotheInternet,

whichischeaperandoffersconcretemeasurementslikeclick-through

rates——speciallyimportantatatimewhenmarketingbudgetsaretight.Withthe

launchofinteractiveadvertising,"manyofthedollarsthatwenttotheInternetwill

comebacktotheTV,"saysDavidKlineofCablevision.Orsotheindustryhopes.

Intheory,interactiveadvertisingcanengageviewersinawaythat30-second

spotsdonot.UnileverrecentlyraninteractivecampaignfbritsAxedeodorantA臭齊ll),

whichkeptviewersengagedformorethanthreeminutesonaverage.

Theamountspentoninteractiveadvertisingontelevisionisstillsmall.Magna,

anadvertisingagency,reckonsitwillbeworthabout$138millionthisyear.Thatfalls

farshortofthebillionsofdollarspeopleonceexpectedittogenerate.ButDirecTV,

ComcastandTimeWarnerCablehaveallinvestedinit.AneweffortledbyCanoe

Ventures,acoalitionofleadingcableproviders,aimstomakeinteractiveadvertising

availableacrossAmericalaterthisyear.BrightLineiTV,whichdesignsandsells

interactiveads,saysinteresthassurged:itexpectsitsrevenuesalmosttotriplethis

year.BSkyB,Britain'sbiggestsatellite-televisionservice,alreadyprovides9million

customerswithinteractiveads.

Yettherearedoubtswhetherpeoplewatchingtelevision,a'leanback"medium,

craveinteraction.Click-throughrateshavebeenhighsofar(around3-4%,compared

withlessthan0.3%online),butthatmaybearesultofthenovelty.Interactiveads

andviewersmightnotgowelltogether.

46.WhatdoesColinDixonmeanbysaying"It'sbeentheyearofinteractive

televisionadvertisingforthelasttenortwelveyears*1(Line4,Para.1)?

A)Interactivetelevisionadvertisingwillbecomepopularin10-12years.

B)Interactivetelevisionadvertisinghasbeenunderdebateforthelastdecadeor

so.

C)Interactivetelevisionadvertisingissuccessfulwhenincorporatedinto

situationcomedies.

D)Interactivetelevisionadvertisinghasnotachievedtheanticipatedresults.

47.Whatisthepublic'sresponsetoCablevision'splannedinteractiveTV

advertisingprogram?

A)Prettypositive.

B)Totallyindifferent.

C)Somewhatdoubtful.

D)Rathercritical.

48.WhatistheimpactofthewideuseofdigitalvideorecordersonTV

advertising?

A)IthasmadeTVadvertisingeasilyaccessibletoviewers.

B)Ithelpsadvertiserstomeasuretheclick-throughrates.

C)IthasplacedTVadvertisingatagreatdisadvantage.

D)Itenablesviewerstocheckthesalesitemswithease.

49.WhatdowelearnaboutUnilever'sinteractivecampaign?

A)ItprovestheadvantageofTVadvertising.

B)Ithasdonewellinengagingtheviewers.

C)Ithelpsattractinvestmentsinthecompany.

D)IthasboostedtheTVadvertisingindustry.

50.Howdoestheauthorviewthehithertohighclick-throughrates?

A)Theymaybeduetothenovelwayofadvertising.

B)Theysignifythepopularityofinteractiveadvertising.

C)TheypointtothegrowingcuriosityofTVviewers.

D)Theyindicatethefuturedirectionofmediareform.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whatcanbedoneaboutmassunemployment?Allthewiseheadsagree:there

arenoquickoreasyanswers.There'sworktobedone,butworkersaren'treadytodo

it-they'reinthewrongplaces,ortheyhavethewrongskills.Ourproblemsare

^structural,"andwilltakemanyyearstosolve.

Butdon*tbotheraskingfbrevidencethatjustifiesthisbleakview.Thereisn'tany.

Onthecontrary,allthefactssuggestthathighunemploymentinAmericaistheresult

ofinadequatedemand.SayingthatthereYenoeasyanswerssoundswise,butifs

actuallyfoolish:ourunemploymentcrisiscouldbecuredveryquicklyifwehadthe

intellectualclarityandpoliticalwilltoact.Inotherwords,structuralunemploymentis

afakeproblem,whichmainlyservesasanexcusefornotpursuingrealsolutions.

Thefoctisjobopeningshaveplungedineverymajorsector,whilethenumberof

workersforcedintopart-timeemploymentinalmostallindustrieshassoared.

Unemploymenthassurgedineverymajoroccupationalcategory.Onlythreestates,

withacombinedpopulationnotmuchlargerthanthatofBrooklyn,have

unemploymentratesbelow5%.Sotheevidencecontradictstheclaimthatwe're

mainlysufferingfromstructuralunemployment.Why,then,hasthisclaimbecomeso

popular?

Partoftheansweristhatthisiswhatalwayshappensduringperiodsofhigh

unemployment-inpartbecauseexpertsandanalystsbelievethatdeclaringtheproblem

deeplyrooted,withnoeasyanswers,makesthemsoundserious.

Fvebeenlookingatwhatself-proclaimedexpertsweresayingabout

unemploymentduringtheGreatDepression;itwasalmostidenticaltowhatVery

SeriousPeoplearesayingnow.Unemploymentcannotbebroughtdownrapidly,

declaredone1935analysis,becausetheworkforceisnunadaptableanduntrained.It

cannotrespondtotheopportunitieswhichindustrymayoffer.'1Afewyearslater,a

largedefensebuildupfinallyprovidedafiscalstimulusadequatetotheeconomy's

needs—andsuddenlyindustrywaseagertoemploythose''unadaptableand

untrained"workers.

Butnow,asthen,powerfulforcesareideologicallyopposedtothewholeideaof

governmentactiononasufficientscaletojump-starttheeconomy.Andthat,

fundamentally,iswhyclaimsthatwefacehugestructuralproblemshave-been

multiplying:theyofferareasontodonothingaboutthemassunemploymentthatis

cripplingoureconomyandoursociety.

Sowhatyouneedtoknowisthatthere'snoevidencewhatsoevertobackthese

claims.Wearen*tsufferingfromashortageofneededskilled;we'resufferingfroma

lackofpolicyresolve.As1said,structuralunemploymentisn'tarealproblem,ifsan

excuse-areasonnottoactonAmerica'sproblemsatatimewhenactionis

desperatelyneeded.

51.Whatdoestheauthorthinkistherootcauseofmassunemploymentin

America?

A)Corporatemismanagement.

B)Insufficientdemand.

C)Technologicala