閱讀理解（第07期）-2023屆江蘇高考英語模擬試題分項匯編（教師版）

專題01閱讀理解（第07期）-2023屆江蘇高考英語模擬試題分項匯編

閱讀理解【江蘇省新高考基地學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三12月第三次大聯(lián)考】

ActivitiesforToddlersinCincinnati

Toddlersareconstantlymovingandplayingwithsomething——whethertheyshouldornot.Sometimesfinding

kid-friendlyactivitiestoentertainandteachtheyoungestonescanbedifficult.

Weputtogetheralistofkid-friendlyactivitiesfortoddlersinCincinnati.Throughsports,art,music,stories,or

evenjuststructuredplay,yourchildcanbeginlearningataveryearlyage.

YogahOMeoffersclassesfromTippiToesDanceCompanyforchildrenasyoungas18months.Theclassesare

designedtodevelopmotorskillsandbodyawarenessandhelpdeveloptheimagination,criticalthinking,cognitive

andcreativeskills.ClassesincludeMommy&Me,BabyBallet,andBallet,Tap,Jazz.

BrazeeStreetStudiosoffersmonthlyeventsforyouandyourtoddlertoenjoy.Storytelling,toursandmore

teachyourchildthejoysofartfromanearlyage.ProgramsincludeCulturekids,ArtintheMaking,andWee

Wednesdays.Storytimesincludereadingastoryandcreatingapieceofglassartthatagreeswiththestoriestheme.

LittleSongbirdMusicStudio,withlocationsinFlorenceandCincinnati,specializesinmusiceducationfor

babies,toddlers,andpreschoolersandoffersclassesforchildrenupthroughage9andtheirparents.Apopular

offeringistheMusikgartencurriculum,whichisaholisticapproachtoteachingmusictochildren,andteaching

yourchildtocommunicateusingsignlanguagethroughsongandplay.

BeeActiveoffersgymnasticsclassesforchildrenasyoungas18monthsoldandfocusesonflexibility,

strength,coordinationandbasicgymnasticsmoves.Openrecreationtimeisavailableinthegymnasticscenter,rock

climbingwallandadventurezone.

1.Whichactivitymaymaketoddlersmorelikelytobesportlovers?

A-BeeActiveB.BrazeeStreetStudios

C.YogahOMeD.LittleSongbirdMusicStudio

2.WhatcantoddlerslearntodoinBrazeeStreetStudios?

A.Readstorieseveryday.B.Improvebodyflexibility.

C.Develophands-onability.D.Usesignlanguagetosing.

3.Whatdotheseactivitieshaveincommon?

A.Theyallrequireparentstoparticipate.

B.Theyallteachtoddlersbyentertaining.

C.Theyallfocusontoddlers9imagination.

D.Theyallofferclassestotoddlersforfree.

【答案】1.A2.C3.B

【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了辛辛那提市適合幼兒的活動以及相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BeeActiveoffersgymnasticsclassesforchildrenasyoungas18monthsoldand

focusesonflexibility,strength,coordinationandbasicgymnasticsmoves.Openrecreationtimeisavailableinthe

gymnasticscenter,rockclimbingwallandadventurezone.（BeeActive為18個月大的兒童提供體操課程，專注

于靈活性、力量、協(xié)調(diào)性和基本體操動作。體操中心、攀巖墻和探險區(qū)提供開放式娛樂時間）”可知，BeeActive

更有可能會使幼兒成為運動愛好者。故選A項。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Storytimesincludereadingastoryandcreatingapieceofglassartthatagreeswith

thestoriestheme.（故事時間包括閱讀一個故事，創(chuàng)作一件符合故事主題的玻璃藝術(shù)品廠可知，在BrazeeStreet

工作室，幼兒可以創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)品，培養(yǎng)動手能力。故選C項。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Weputtogetheralistofkid-friendlyactivitiesfortoddlersinCincinnati.Through

sports,art,music,stories,orevenjuststructuredplay,yourchildcanbeginlearningataveryearlyage.（我彳門歹U出

了辛辛那提市幼兒友好活動清單。通過體育、藝術(shù)、音樂、故事，甚至是有組織的游戲，你的孩子可以在

很小的時候就開始學(xué)習(xí)）“可知，下文列舉的活動會通過體育、藝術(shù)、音樂、故事，甚至是有組織的游戲來教

幼兒，所以活動的共同點是它們都通過娛樂來教幼兒。故選B項。

Mostofyouareprobablyfamiliarwiththevariousstoriesofsearchingalienlife,buthaveyouheardaboutthe

scientistwhowasresponsiblefordetectingthefirsttracesofintelligentlifelurking（潛伏）throughoutourgalaxy?

ThisisFrankDrake'sstory.

Attheageof8,hisfatheronedaytoldDrakethereareotherworldsinspace.Hehadnoideathatsuchathing

wasapossibility——hethoughtEarthwasit.Itwasamedieval（過時的）attitude.Sohewondered,whataretheylike?

Arethepeoplethesameasus?Dotheylookthesamewaywedo?What'stheirplanetlike?Andofcourse,atthat

time,therewasnowaythatthosequestionscouldbeansweredintheslightest.

Lateron,whenhewasincollege,hechosetheelementaryastronomycourse.Whilehewastakingthatcourse,

hewenttothecampusobservatory,andoneofthethingsheobservedwastheplanetJupiter.Eventhroughasmall

telescope,itwasjustveryclearthatitwasanotherworld.Itwasnotapictureinabookorsomething.Andthat

convertedhim.

FrankDrakeismostlyknownfordevelopingtheDrakeequation（方程式），whichisamathematicalequation

thatwasdevelopedtoestimatethenumberofdetectablealiencivilizationsresidingintheMilkyWay.Drake

equationtakesmanythingsintoconsiderationfromtherateofstarformation,thefraction（小部分）ofstarsthat

haveplanets,thenumberofhabitableplanetscirclingeachstar,thefractionofplanetsthatremainhabitablelong

enoughforlifetoevolveallthewayuptothenumberofcivilizationsthatarecapableofdevelopingtechnology.

Peoplealwayssaythatthesearchforalienlifehasfailed."You'vebeensearchingfor60years,andyou

haven'tfoundanything.Sodoesn'tthatsaythatintelligentlifeisveryrare?^^Butthat'swrong,becausetheamount

ofsearchingthatwe'vedonehashardlytouchedthenumberofpossibilitiesthatareoutthere—thatis,starsand

radiofrequenciesandchannelsandallofthat.We'veonlycoveredatiny,tinyfractionofallthepossibilities.

4.Whatdoestheauthortrytodointhefirstparagraph?

A.Sharesomestoriesaboutalienlife.

B.Leadinthetopicofthewholetext.

C.Introducehisresearchexperiences.

D.Questiontheexistenceofalienlife.

5.HowdidDrakefeelwhenfirsttoldaboutotherworldsinspace?

A.Anxious.B.Satisfied.C.Puzzled.D.Curious.

6.WhatmightcauseDraketochoosetheelementaryastronomycourseincollege?

A.TheobservationofJupiter.

B.Theadvicefromhisfather.

C.Apictureinasciencebook.

D.Hisgreatinterestinalienlife.

7.Whichofthefollowingviewsmaytheauthoragreewith?

A.Theintelligentlifeinspaceisratherrare.

B.Drakeequationwasusedtodetectaliens.

C.Thesearchforaliensdeservescontinuing.

D.Peoplecarriedoutawrongsearchforaliens.

【答案】4.B5.D6.D7.C

【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了一位負責(zé)探測第一批潛伏在銀河系中智能生命蹤跡的科學(xué)

家FrankDrakeo

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Mostofyouareprobablyfamiliarwiththevariousstoriesofsearchingalienlife,

buthaveyouheardaboutthescientistwhowasresponsiblefordetectingthefirsttracesofintelligentlifelurking

（潛伏）throughoutourgalaxy?ThisisFrankDrake'sstory.（你們中的大多數(shù)人可能都熟悉尋找外星生命的各種

故事，但你聽說過一位負責(zé)探測第一批潛伏在銀河系中的智能生命蹤跡的科學(xué)家嗎?這是FrankDrake的故

事。）”可知作者由大家比較熟悉的尋找外星生命的各種故事自然而然地過渡到了在銀河系中尋找智能生命蹤

跡的科學(xué)家的故事，所以第一段的目的就是為了引出科學(xué)家FrankDrake的故事這個話題。故選B項。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Attheageof8,hisfatheronedaytoldDrakethereareotherworldsinspace.He

hadnoideathatsuchathingwasapossibility-hethoughtEarthwasit.Itwasamedieval（過時的）attitude.Sohe

wondered,whataretheylike?Arethepeoplethesameasus?Dotheylookthesamewaywedo?What'stheir

planetlike?（在Drake8歲的時候，他的父親有一天告訴他太空中還有其他的世界。他不知道這樣的事情是有

可能的——他以為地球就是這個世界。這是一種過時的態(tài)度。所以他想知道，他們是什么樣的?他們和我們

一樣嗎?他們和我們長得一樣嗎?他們的星球是什么樣的?）“可知當父親告訴Drake太空中還有其他的世界的

時候，他的腦海中有了太多關(guān)于其他世界的問題，所以可以看出他對于這個地球以外的世界是很好奇的。

故選D項。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Sohewondered,whataretheylike?Arethepeoplethesameasus?Dothey

lookthesamewaywedo?Whafstheirplanetlike?Andofcourse,atthattime,therewasnowaythatthose

questionscouldbeansweredintheslightest』所以他想知道，他們是什么樣的?他們和我們一樣嗎?他們和我們

長得一樣嗎?他們的星球是什么樣的?當然，在那個時候，這些問題根本不可能得到答案。戶以及第三段“Later

on,whenhewasincollege,hechosetheelementaryastronomycourse』后來，在大學(xué)里，他選擇了初級天文學(xué)課

程。）”可知當父親告訴Drake太空中還有其他的世界的時候，他的腦海中有了太多關(guān)于其他世界的問題，所

以可以看出他對于其他的世界很好奇，但是他感到好奇的這些問題在當時又是無法解決的，正是這種好奇

和興趣促使Drake在大學(xué)里選擇了初級天文學(xué)課程。故選D項。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Butthat'swrong,becausetheamountofsearchingthatwe'vedonehashardly

touchedthenumberofpossibilitiesthatareoutthere-thatis,starsandradiofrequenciesandchannelsandallof

that.We'veonlycoveredatiny,tinyfractionofallthepossibilities.（但這是錯誤的，因為我們所做的搜索量幾乎

沒有觸及到現(xiàn)有的可能性——也就是說，恒星、無線電頻率和頻道等等。我們只涵蓋了所有可能性中的一

小部分。）“可知在作者看來對于外星生命還有很多的東西等待著我們?nèi)ヌ剿鳎宰髡哒J為對于外星人的探

索工作值得繼續(xù)下去。故選C項。

Workingasateenagerhastheobviousbenefitofearningmoneytospendandsave.However,workingalso

allowsteenstoappreciatethevalueofmoneyandwhatitmeanstoearnadollar.

"Workingteenslearnanimportantmoneylessonabouthowmuchpeopleearnperhour,^^saysNashica

McRath.SheisafinancialadviserwithEdwardJones,aninvestmentcompany."'Payingtaxesandother

experiencesarelessonsinmaturityandhowtonavigatetheworldofbecominganadult.^^shesays.

Whetherhighschoolstudentsgotocollegeormovestraightintotheworkingworld,holdingajobduringhigh

schoolcanpreparethem.Itgivesthemreal-lifefinancialawarenessandtheabilitytoplanandmanagemoney.

“Workletsteenslearntimemanagementandpracticaljobskillsthatcanhelpthemintheirdailyliveswhen

theygotocollegeandaftercollege,saysBrendaM.Brown.Sheisthedirectorofbusinessdevelopmentfor

CollegeAidServices.

CiaraSmallsGlover,anassociateprofessoratGeorgiaStateUniversity,agrees.Shesaysteenswithjobsalso

mightdiscovernewinterestsandtalents.Theirworkinhighschoolmightleadtoacareer.

"Typically,weexpectadolescentstomakedecisionsabouttheirfuturecareerswhentheygettocollegeand

selectamajor,^^shesays."Thatcanbeadauntingtaskforsome.Workorvolunteerexperiencescanprovide

opportunitiesforstudentstobetterunderstandthemseIves.^^

“Havingapart-timejobinhighschoolmeanstimeawayfromstudiesandschoolactivities.Ifateendoesn't

putimportantthingsfkst,somethingisgoingtosuffer,"McRathsays.

Holdingallofthattogethercouldbecomeoverwhelmingformanyhighschoolers.Sports,socializingand

otheractivitiesofferlifelessonsandexperiencesforyoungstudents,soeachrequiresattention.

“Toomanyworkhourscancompromise（危及）ateen'senergyandcontributiontoschoolwork,“Gloversays.

“Butpart-timeworkandgradesareequallyimportant.Theteenyearsinvolveidentitydevelopment,sotimeto

exploreselfthroughsocialrelationshipsalsoisimportant,shesays.

8.WhatdoesNashicaMcRaththinkofteensworking?

A.Ifsajobskill.B.It'sworthwhile.

C.It'sacceptable.D.Ifsaninvestment.

9.HowdoesworkhelpteenagersaccordingtoCiaraSmallsGlover?

A.Itdeterminestheircareer.

B.Itinspiresthemtomakedecisions.

C.Itencouragesthemtogotocollege.

D.Ithelpsthemunderstandtheirpotentials.

10.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph7mean?

A.Studentsshouldfocuslessonstudies.

B.Studentsshoulddomorepart-timejobs.

C.Studentsshouldknowtheirtoppriorities.

D.Studentsshouldenterintosocietyearlier.

11.Whatadvicedoyouthinktheauthormightgivetoteenagers?

A.Adolescentsshouldmaketheirowndecisions.

B.Schoolworkshouldcomefirstonyouragenda.

C.Findopportunitiestobetterunderstandyourself.

D.Balancepart-timeworkandacademicactivities.

【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要圍繞著青少年做兼職的利與弊來展開，一些人認為兼職有利于個

人成長和擇業(yè)，另外一些人認為作為學(xué)生應(yīng)該以學(xué)業(yè)為主，而作者則建議我們青少年應(yīng)該平衡兼職工作和

學(xué)習(xí)活動。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段”"Workingteenslearnanimportantmoneylessonabouthowmuchpeopleearn

perhour,^^saysNashicaMcRath.(“工作的青少年學(xué)到了一門重要的金錢課，那就是人們每小時能掙多少

錢，"NashicaMcRath說。戶以及“Payingtaxesandotherexperiencesarelessonsinmaturityandhowtonavigate

theworldofbecominganadult,"shesays.(“納稅和其他經(jīng)歷是成熟的教訓(xùn)，也是如何在成人的世界中游弋的教

訓(xùn)I?！彼f。戶可知在NashicaMcRath看來青少年參加工作既能學(xué)到和金錢有關(guān)的知識同時也有利于個人的

成長，所以是值得的。故選B項。

9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Shesaysteenswithjobsalsomightdiscovernewinterestsandtalents.Their

workinhighschoolmightleadtoacareer.(她說，有工作的青少年也可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)新的興趣和才能。他們在高中

的工作可能會成為一份職業(yè)。)”以及第六段“"Typically,weexpectadolescentstomakedecisionsabouttheir

futurecareerswhentheygettocollegeandselectamajor,“shesays."Thatcanbeadauntingtaskfbrsome.Work

orvolunteerexperiencescanprovideopportunitiesfbrstudentstobetterunderstandthemselves.”(“通常t青況下，我

們希望青少年在進入大學(xué)并選擇專業(yè)時就能決定他們未來的職業(yè)?！八f。”這對一些人來說可能是一項艱巨

的任務(wù)。工作或志愿者經(jīng)歷可以為學(xué)生提供更好地了解自己的機會?？芍贑iaraSmallsGlover看來青少

年時期的工作或志愿者經(jīng)歷可以為學(xué)生提供更好地了解自己才能從而發(fā)現(xiàn)新的興趣和才能。故選D項。

10.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第七段“"Havingapart-timejobinhighschoolmeanstimeawayfromstudiesand

schoolactivities.Ifateendoesn'tputimportantthingsfirst,somethingisgoingtosuffer,McRathsays.(“在高中

做兼職工作意味著有時間遠離學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)?；顒?。如果一個青少年不把重要的事情放在第一位，就會有一些

事情受到影響?！癕cRath說。）”可知在McRath看來高中生做兼職會占用學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)?；顒拥臅r間，而作為學(xué)

生如果不能全身心投入學(xué)習(xí)，一定會影響其他方面，所以劃線句子的意思是說高中學(xué)生應(yīng)以學(xué)業(yè)為主，即

學(xué)生應(yīng)該明白他們的首要任務(wù)是學(xué)習(xí)。故選C項。

11.推理判斷題o根據(jù)文章最后一段“"Toomanyworkhourscancompromise（危及）ateen'senergyand

contributiontoschoolwork,^Gloversays.4tButpart-timeworkandgradesareequallyimportant.Theteenyears

involveidentitydevelopment,sotimetoexploreselfthroughsocialrelationshipsalsoisimportant,shesays.（“太

多的工作時間會損害青少年的精力和對學(xué)業(yè)的投入，”Glover說?！钡媛毠ぷ骱统煽兺瑯又匾Ｇ嗌倌陼r期

涉及身份認同的發(fā)展，所以通過社會關(guān)系探索自我的時間也很重要?！八f。戶可知在Glover看來兼職工作

和學(xué)習(xí)同樣重要，而作者引用她的這一番話來結(jié)束全文就是想要建議我們青少年應(yīng)該平衡兼職工作和學(xué)習(xí)

活動。故選D項。

CarpenteristheleadauthorofapaperinNatureReviewsPsychologythatexaminedmorethan100yearsof

researchonlearning.

“Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpracticehavebeenconfirmedoverandoverinstudiesinlabs,

classrooms,workplaces,butthereasonwhywe'representingthisresearchisthatthesetwotechniqueshaven'tfully

caughton.Iftheywereemployedallthetime,we'dseebigincreasesinlearning,saidCarpenter.

Inthepaper,Carpenterandherco-authorsdescribespacingasastrategytolearninsmallamountsovertime.

Ifstheoppositeofcramming（塞滿）thenightbeforeanexam.Inonestudy,medicalstudentswhoreceived

repeatedsurgerytrainingoverthreeweeksperformedbetterandfasterontests2weeksand1yearlatercompared

tomedicalstudentswhohadthesametrainingallononeday.

Carpentersaysthereisn'tauniversalruleabouthowmuchtimetoschedulebetweenpracticesessions.But

researchshowsreturningtothematerialafterforgettingsome—butnotall-ofthecontentiseffective.

Retrievalpracticeisastrategythatinvolvesrecallingwhatwaslearnedpreviously.Ilcantakemanyforms,

includingflashcards,practicetestsandopen-endedwritingprompts,andhelpslearnersrecognizewhattheydoand

don'tknow.Thepaper'sauthorsemphasizethatpeoplewhochecktheirresponsesforerrorsorgetfeedbackright

awaylearnevenbetter.Morethan200studiesshowpeoplegenerallymaintainmoreinformationforlongerperiods

oftimewithretrievalpracticecomparedtostrategiesthatdonotinvolveretrieval（e.g.,re-readingatextbook.）

Theauthorsarguepeoplewhocombinespacingandretrievalpracticehavethebestchanceofremembering

information.

"Forgettingisaverynaturalthing;youcan'tstopforgettingevenifyoutry,butyoucanslowdownforgetting

byusingretrievalpracticeandspacing,saidCarpenter.

Caipentersayssheusesdigitaltools(e.g.,onlinepracticequizzes,clickerquestions)toincorporateretrieval

practiceandspacingintoheruniversitycourses,butthereareotherwaystobringthesestrategiesintothe

classroom.

12.Whydotheauthorandhisgrouppresentthisresearch?

A.Becausepeopledon'tacceptthetwotechniques.

B.Becausethetwotechniqueshaven'tpopularized.

C.Becausepeoplehavemuchdifficultyinlearning.

D.Becausethetwotechniquesaretakinglittleeflect.

13.HowdoesCarpenterprovespacingissuperiortocramming?

A.Bystudyingsomecases.B.Byreceivingsometraining.

C.Byapplyingsomerules.D.Byschedulingsometime.

14.Whatcanretrievalpracticehelppeopletoget?

A.Selfassessment.B.Widerecognition.

C.Positiveresponse.D.Generalstrategies.

15.WhatmightCarpentertalkaboutinthefollowingparagraphs?

A.Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpractice.

B.Potentialwaysusedtoslowdownforgetting.

C.Argumentsaboutwhattodotostopforgetting.

D.Otheruniversitycoursesworthremembering.

【答案】12.B13.A14.A15.B

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種有效延緩遺忘的方法——喚醒練習(xí)。同時，將間隔練習(xí)

和喚醒練習(xí)結(jié)合使用能夠延緩遺忘。

12.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpracticehavebeenconfirmedoverandover

instudiesinlabs,classrooms,workplaces,butthereasonwhywe'representingthisresearchisthatthesetwo

techniqueshaven'tfullycaughton.(間隔練習(xí)和喚醒練習(xí)的好處己經(jīng)在實驗室、教室和工作場所的研究中得到

了一次又一次的證實，但我們提出這項研究的原因是這兩種技術(shù)還沒有完全流行起來。)“可知，作者和他的

團隊之所以提出這項研究是因為這兩種技術(shù)還沒有普及。故選B。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inonestudy,medicalstudentswhoreceivedrepeatedsurgerytrainingoverthree

weeksperformedbetterandfasterontests2weeksand1yearlatercomparedtomedicalstudentswhohadthesame

trainingallononeday.（在一項研究中，與在一天內(nèi)接受相同訓(xùn)練的醫(yī)學(xué)生相比，接受為期三周的反復(fù)手術(shù)訓(xùn)

練的醫(yī)學(xué)生在兩周和一年后的測試中表現(xiàn)得更好更快。廣可知，Carpenter通過對一些案例的研究，來證明

間隔法優(yōu)于填鴨式的方法。故選A。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Itcantakemanyforms,includingflashcards,practicetestsandopen-ended

writingprompts,andhelpslearnersrecognizewhattheydoanddon'tknow.Thepaper'sauthorsemphasizethat

peoplewhochecktheirresponsesforerrorsorgetfeedbackrightawayleamevenbetter.（它可以采取多種形式，

包括閃存卡、練習(xí)測試和開放式寫作提示，幫助學(xué)習(xí)者認識到他們知道什么和不知道什么。該論文的作者

強調(diào)，那些檢查自己回答錯誤或立即得到反饋的人學(xué)得更好。）“可知，使用喚醒練習(xí)的方法能夠讓人對信息

的學(xué)習(xí)更好，掌握的更好，由此推斷，該方法能夠促進人自身的提升，即形成良好的自我評估。故選A。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“"Forgettingisaverynaturalthing;youcan'tstopforgettingevenifyoutry,

butyoucanslowdownforgettingbyusingretrievalpracticeandspacing,9,saidCarpenter.，'遺忘是彳艮自然的事情；

即使你嘗試，你也無法停止遺忘，但你可以通過檢索練習(xí)和間隔來減慢遺忘的速度，"Carpenter說。戶以及

最后一段中“butthereareotherwaystobringthesestrategiesintotheclassroom.（但還有其他方法可以將這些策

略引入課堂。）“可知，遺忘是自然的事情，人類可以通過采用各種方法來減慢遺忘的速度,Carpenter也在課

堂中使用了一些方法延緩遺忘。由此可以推斷在下文中Carpenter將講述她采用的其他的有效的方法來延緩

遺忘。故選B。

閱讀理解【江蘇省南通市如皋市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研（三）】

Getstuckintochemistrywiththesefascinatingguides.

AnElementaryGuidetothePeriodicTable

byGillArbuthnott（BloomsburyChildren'sBooks）

Therearelotsoffunnystories,fascinatingfactsandinterestingexplanationspackedintothisbook,whichaims

toprovideagoodintroductiontotheperiodictable.Aswellasplentyofinformation,therearelotsofeye-catching

diagramsandillustrations.

ExploringtheElements

byIsabelThomas.IllustratedbySaraGillingham（PhaidonPress）

Thisbeautifullydesignedbookprovidesanintroductoryguidetothechemicalelements-wheretheyare

found,theirpropertiesandtheremarkablewayswe'velearnedtousethem.Smartandstylish,thebookeven

comeswithanillustratedperiodictable.

TheElementsintheRoom

byMikeBarfield.IllustratedbyLaurenHumphrey(LaurenceKing)

Asthecandidateforlotsofawards,thisentertainingbookinvitesyoutojoindetectiveSherlockOhmsashe

triestosolvethemysteryofhowabsolutelyeverythingcametoexist.Thisisafunwaytolearnaboutthebasicsof

chemicalelements,fromaluminumtozinc.

ThePeriodicTableBook

byDarlingKindersley,Ltd

Ifyouarejuststartingyourchemistrylearning,looknofurtherthanthiscomprehensivevisualencyclopedia,

whichispackedwithstunningphotographs.Itcoversallthebasicsofchemistry,withinformationaboutthe

differentelements,andyou'llalsolearnaboutsomeofthefamousscientistswhodiscoveredthem.

1.Whichbookcanexplaintheapplicationoftheelements?

A.AnElementaryGuidetothePeriodicTableB.ExploringtheElements

C.TheElementsintheRoomD.ThePeriodicTableBook

2.HowisMikeBarfield'sbookdifferentfromtheotherbooks?

A.Itcontainsanillustratedperiodictable.B.Itincludesinterestingstoriesandfacts.

C.Itintroducessomeofthefamouschemists.D.Ithasthepotentialforwinningprizes.

3.Whoarethefourbooksespeciallyintendedfor?

A.Chemistryresearchers.B.Chemistrymajors.

C.Chemistrybeginners.D.Chemistryteachers.

【答案】1.B2.D3.C

【文章大意】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了四本關(guān)于化學(xué)的書。

1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二本書ExploringtheElements的介紹中“Thisbeautifullydesignedbookprovidesan

introductoryguidetothechemicalelements—wheretheyarefound,theirpropertiesandtheremarkableways

we,velearnedtousethem.(這本設(shè)計精美的書提供了化學(xué)元素的介紹性指南——它們在哪里被發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們的

特性和我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會的使用它們的值得注意的方法戶可知，ExploringtheElements這本書可以解釋化學(xué)元素

的應(yīng)用。故選B。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三本書TheElementsintheRoom的介紹中“Asthecandidateforlotsofawards,this

entertainingbookinvitesyoutojoindetectiveSherlockOhmsashetriestosolvethemysteryofhowabsolutely

everythingcametoexist.（作為眾多獎項的候選，這本有趣的書邀請你加入偵探SherlockOhms,因為他試圖解

決絕對的一切是如何存在的謎）“可知，M汰eBarfield的書與眾不同之處在于它有可能獲獎。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段“Getstuckintochemistrywiththesefascinatingguides.（跟著這些

有吸引力的指南進入化學(xué)）“可知，四本書是為化學(xué)的初學(xué)者而寫的。故選C。

Myhandswereshakinguncontrollably.ItriedincrediblyhardtofocusonthewordsthatIspenthoursputting

downonpaper.Itriedtodefeatmyfearofspeakinginpubliconnumerousoccasionsthroughoutmylife.During

collegeandatmyfirstfewjobs,IwouldgetridiculouslynervouswhenIhadtogiveapresentationorleada

meeting.PublicspeakinghadbeenmynemesisforaslongasIcouldremember.

Theninmymid-thirties,IdecidedtojointhepublicspeakinggroupToastmasters.Ateverymeetingwewere

ratedandforcedtocompetewithotherspeakersforanaward.YouwouldthinkthatIwouldwalkawayfromthese

experiencesasapolishedspeaker,butnothingseemedtowork.

Itwasn'tuntilrecently,whenscienceandscientificinstitutionswerebeingattackedforunfairreasonsduring

thepandemic,thatIdecidedImustspeakout.Sciencehasmadethiscountryaplacewheredreamscometrue—

thisiswhyweallneedtoprotectscience.Inaddition,asasciencewriter,Itrytogetreaderstounderstandhow

scienceisrelatedtotheirdailylives.

SoIwasonthatfrighteningstageonthatsunnySaturdayinApril—EarthDay.Despitethebodyshakesand

fear,Ipersevered.Thatday,Ilookedoutintothecrowdoflike-mindedsciencesupportersandIfeltcomfort.

Reachingthatmilestonegoalofgettingthroughaspeechtrulychangedme.Atalmostforty,Ilearnedthat

passioncansetoffaflameinmyhearttodothingsIneverdreamedpossible.Thedarknessthatledtomyspeechis

suretoleadtonewopportunitiesandadventures.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“nemesis“inParagraph1?

A.Advantage.B.Annoyance.

C.Preference.D.Confusion.

5.HowdidtheauthorbehavetowardspublicspeakingafterleavingToastmasters?

A.Hebegantofeellessworried.B.Hebecameapolishedspeaker.

C.Heremainedashyspeaker.D.Thingsbecameworseforhim.

6.WhatmadetheauthorwanttospeakoutonEarthDay?

A.Hecouldn'tbearpeopleattackingscience.

B.ItwasasimpletestorganizedbyToastmasters.

C.Itwasagoodopportunityforhimtolearnscience.

D.Hehadnochoicebuttoriseuptodefendhisownjob.

7.Whatlessondidtheauthordrawfromhissuccessfulspeech?

A.Frustrationcanbesteppingstonestosuccess.

B.Sciencecanleadustomakewonderfulchanges.

C.Anydifficultycanbeovercomewithgreatefforts.

D.Passioncanmotiveustoachievetheunachievable.

【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D

【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。作者一直很害怕在公開場合講話，直到最近，當科學(xué)和科學(xué)機構(gòu)在疫情期

間因不公平的原因受到攻擊時，作者決定必須大聲疾呼，在地球日發(fā)表講話。完成演講這個里程碑式的目

標改變了作者，讓他明白激情可以激勵我們?nèi)崿F(xiàn)無法實現(xiàn)的目標。

4.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段倒第二句"Duringcollegeandatmyfirstfewjobs,Iwouldgetridiculouslynervous

whenIhadtogiveapresentationorleadameeting."（在大學(xué)期間和我最初的幾份工作中，當我不得不做報告或

主持會議時，我會感到非常緊張。）可知，此處是指公開講話是讓“我”非常為難的事。所以nemesis意為“為

難的事故選B。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"YouwouldthinkthatIwouldwalkawayfromtheseexperiencesasa

polishedspeaker,butnothingseemedtowork."（你可能會認為我會作為一個出色的演講者離開這些經(jīng)歷，但似

乎什么都不管用。）可知，離開Toastmasters后作者在公開演講時仍然很靦腆。故選C。

6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"Itwasn'tuntilrecently,whenscienceandscientificinstitutionswerebeing

attackedforunfairreasonsduringthepandemic,thatIdecidedImustspeakout."（直到最近,當科學(xué)和科學(xué)機構(gòu)在

疫情期間因不公平的原因受到攻擊時，我才決定必須大聲疾呼。）可知，作者無法忍受人們對科學(xué)的攻擊，

因此他想在地球日發(fā)表講話。故選A。

7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Atalmostforty,Ilearnedthatpassioncansetoffaflameinmyhearttodo

thingsIneverdreamedpossible.”（快四十歲的時候，我明白了激情可以點燃我心中的火焰，讓我去做我做夢都

沒想到的事情。）可知，作者從他成功的演講中學(xué)到了激情可以激勵我們?nèi)崿F(xiàn)無法實現(xiàn)的目標。故選D。

ScientistsresearchingclimatechangeinAntarcticaarestudyingpenguinsinanefforttobetterunderstandthe

area'senvironmentalhealth.Thescientistsaremeasuringthegrowthanddevelopmentofthepenguinpopulationon

theeasternsideoftheAntarcticPeninsula.64Wearecountingpenguinneststounderstandhowmanypenguinsarein

acolony,producingyoungeveryyear,andwhetherthatnumberisgoingupordownwiththeenvironmental

conditions,9,saidAlexBorowicz.HeisanecologyresearcheratNewYork'sStonyBrookUniversity.

Theworkisnoteasyforclimateresearchersintheicy,farawayreachesofAntarctica.Butpenguinsareeasier

tofollowthansomeotherkindsofanimalsbecausetheynestonland.Theirblackbodiesandwastedroppingscan

alsobeidentifiedagainstthearea'swhitebackground.

MichaelWethington,anotherresearcherfromStonyBr