2019年北京中考英語真題及答案

姓名準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)考場(chǎng)號(hào)座位號(hào)考生須知4.在答題卡上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共14分)MrWangiscomingtoourschoolIcantwaittosee.A.herB.himC.itD.them2.Weplantedsomeflowersthegardenyesterday.A.onB.toC.inD.ofExcusemeisthisT-shirt?——is88yuan.A.howmuchB.howmanyC.howlongD.howold4.——Lily,youfinishtheletterintenminutes?——Yes,Ican.A.mustB.shouldC.needD.canniceitdoesntlookgoodonmeA.forB.soC.butD.or6.Julietakesgoodcareofthefamilydog.Sheisthanherbrother.A.patientB.morepatientC.mostpatientD.themostpatient7.Samwithhisfriendseveryweekend.A.skatesB.isskatingC.hasskatedD.wasskatingmwhatsyourdaddoing——Hemybike.A.repairsB.willrepairC.hasrepairedD.isrepairingOurschoollifealotsince2017.Wehavemoreactivitiesnow.A.changesB.changedC.willchangeD.haschanged10.IfyouwanttovisitthePalaceMuseum,Iticketsforyoutomorrow.A.willbookB.bookedC.havebookedD.wasbooking11.MyadviceonhowtosavepaperbymyclasslastMonday.A.acceptsB.acceptedC.wasacceptedD.isacceptedce——Yes.Shewasgoingoverourwriting.A.whatwasMissLindoingB.whatMissLinwasdoingC.whatdoesMissLindoD.whatMissLindoesunforClassPresidentTwomonthsago,whenourclasselection(選舉)started,Idecidedtorunforclasspresident.Ienjoyedspeakinginpublicandgotalongwellwithpeople,soIfeltiteasytowin.ButIwasthatpeoplewouldfeelbadformeifIlost.Iwasbusypreparinginthefollowingweek.Myplanwasn'ttomakepromisestodothingsIcouldnt14buttoshowmyclasswhyIwantedtobepresident.Iputupmypostersinhallwaysandintheclassroom.Ialsospentthreehourswritingmyspeech,sayingthatIwastheonetheycouldturntowhenevertheyhadaproblem.SinceIwas15prepared,Ifeltthatmychancesofwinningwerestrong.HoweverwhenIgavemyspeechonElectionDay,theresponse(反應(yīng))wasn'twhatIhad16.Fewpeopleactuallylistened.Whenitwasmyopponent's(對(duì)手的)turn,everyonewasscreaminghisname.Hisspeechwasshort,butalltothepoint.Bythen,IrealizedIshouldhavemademineshorterandclearer.Itwasobviouswhowould17.Fortherestoftheday,Ifeltlikeitwasover.Iwantedtojustgohomeandcry,butImadeitthrough.My18wasright:Ididn'twin.Thenextdaypeoplewerestilltalkingabouttheelection.Ijustpretended(假裝)nottohear.Butlater,thingsgotbetter.People19abouttheelectionandtalkedtomejustastheydidbefore.IdontregretputtingtimeandenergyintotheelectionbecauseI'velearnedthatthingsaren'talwaysgoingthewayIexpect.Andmomentsoffailurelikethisbuild20sincethenI'velearnedtofacedisappointmentandgrownstronger.dAtrustBafraidBrememberquicklyBfacedeturnredictionwroterideedehlyonedtionedacteropefulrepeathysicallyicturedinntroductiondiscussedsupportAperiencingChinakeCanadaIspentthreemonthswithmyhostfamily(接待家庭)inChina.ItwasalifetimeexperienceIwasabletoexperienceChineselivingandculture,frombasicTaiChitoBeijingOpera.IevenvisitedafamoustraditionalChinesemedicinehospital.NowIhaveabetterunderstandingofChineseculture.oannaAustraliaIstayedwithmyhostfamilyforfivemonths.MyhostmotherisaChineseteacherandsheisreallywarm-hearted.Withherhelp,myChinesehas22improvedalot.AndIhavegotusedtoanewculture.MyfavoritepartoftheexperiencewassharingmyfeelingsinChinawithher.lAmericaMyhostmotherisawonderfulcook!ShemakesmeallkindsoftraditionalChinesedishes.TheyaretastyandIlikethemverymuch.Justlikeme,myhostparentslovetolearnaboutdifferentcultures.TheyoftenaskmequestionsaboutlifeinAmerica.ermanyRecentlyItookpartinaprogramtostudyChinese.IlivedwithahostfamilyinChinaforsixmonthsMyhostsisterisareallyhardworkingstudent.ItwasamazingtoseehowshemadeprogressinEnglish.Andacloserelationshiphasdevelopedbetweenus.21.WhovisitedatraditionalChinesemedicinehospital?A.Mike.B.Joanna.C.Bill.D.Cindy.HowlongdidJoannastaywithherhostfamilyinChina?A.Threemonths.B.Fourmonths.C.Fivemonths.D.Sixmonths.dythinksherhostsisterisA.awonderfulcookB.aresponsibledoctorC.awarm-heartedteacherD.ahardworkingstudentBLightningSallylovedcarsmorethananythingelse.Thisspringshethoughtofbuildingago-karttoenterfortheGo-GoRace.Sosheaskedherdadforhelp.WellhesaidHowaboutthisyoudosomeresearchfirstandthencomebacktomewithadesign."Aweeklater,SallybroughthernotesanddrawingstoDad.Shenamedhergo-kart"BlueLightning".Dadlookedoverherwork,thinking."Well,that'sinteresting,"hesaid."Haveatry.JustbuildBlueLightningasyou'vedesigned."Overthreeweekendsofhardwork,Sallyturnedherdesignintoareal,workinggo-kartandpainteditlightblue.Dadaskedhertotakeitforatestdrive.Sallyagreed.4/2222Aftershedidthat,SallydrovebacktoDad."Well,"shesaid."NowIknowwhyyouwantedmetohaveatestdrive.""Oh,doyou?"hesaid."Pleaseshare."WhenIdrovefasttherewasalotofpushbackshesaid."Ithinkit'sbecauseofthelightningbolt(閃電)shape.""Verygood!"Dadsaid."So,whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutthatprobleminthefirstplace?"Sallyasked.DadlaughedWhere'sthefuninthat?Ifyougiveamanafish,he'lleatforaday.Butifyouteachamantofish,he'lleatforalifetime."SallysaidIseeAnywaydesigningishalfthefun!"DadsmiledGood.Sometimes,learninghappensduringtheprocess.Welearnhowtodosomethingrightbydoingitafewtimesfirstandmakingmistakesalongtheway."ThatencouragedSallyandsheworkedevenharder.WhensheshowedDadhernewgo-kart,henoddedwithpride.FinallycametheraceSallywasn'tworriedaboutwhethershewouldwin-inhermind,shehadalreadywon,bybuildingsomethingbetterthaneverbefore.allythoughtofbuildingagokarttoA.practicedrivingB.enterforaraceC.playwithfriendsD.dosomeresearchWhatdidSally'sdadaskhertodoaftershebuiltthego-kart?A.Tohaveatestdrive.B.Totakeagoodrest.C.Togiveitacoolname.D.Topaintitlightblue.SallysstorymainlytellsusthatAwinningaraceisimportantBfishingbringsusalotoffunivingexperienceisnecessaryDlearninghappensduringtheprocessC/22SometimesitseemsthattimeisflyingPerhapsitdoesntneedtofeelthisway.Ourexperienceoftimecanbepossiblychanged.Byunderstandingthepsychological(心理學(xué)的)processesbehindourdifferentexperiencesoftime,wemightbeabletoslowdowntimealittle.Onebasiclawofpsychologicaltimeisthattimeseemstoslowdownwhenwe'reexposed(接觸)tonewenvironmentsandexperiencesThelawiscausedbytherelationshipbetweenourexperienceoftimeandtheamountofinformationourmindsprocess.Themoreinformationourmindstakein,theslowertimeseemstopass.Itfollowsthenthatwehavedifferentexperiencesoftimeindifferentsituations.Insomesituations,ourlifeisfullofnewexperiences.Ourmindsprocessalotofinformationandtimeseemstoslowdown.Inothersituations,wehavefewernewexperiencesandtheworldaroundusbecomesmoreandmorefamiliar0M;(熟悉的).Webecomeinsensitivetoourexperience,whichmeansweprocesslessinformation,andtimeseemstospeedup.Howcanweslowdowntime?Herearetwosuggestions.Firstlysinceweknowthatfamiliaritymakestimepassfaster,wecanexposeourselvestoasmanynewexperiencesaspossibleWecangiveourselvesnewchallenges,meetnewpeople,andexposeourmindstonewinformationhobbiesandskillsThiswillincreasetheamountofinformationourmindsprocessandexpand(增加)ourexperienceoftime.Secondlyandperhapsmosteffectivelywecangiveourwholeattentiontoanexperience-towhatweareseeing,feelingtasting,smellingorhearing.Thismeanslivingthroughoursensesratherthanthroughourthoughts.Forexampleonthewayhome,focusyourattentionoutsideofyourself,insteadofthinkingabouttheproblemsyouhavetodealwith.Lookatthesky,oratthebuildingsyoupass,travelingamongthem.Thisopenattitudetoyourexperienceshelpstakeinmoreinformationandalsohasatime-expandingeffect.Toacertaindegreewecanunderstandandcontrolourexperienceoftimepassing.It'spossibleforustoslowdowntimebyexpandingourexperienceoftime.27.Accordingtothewriter,wecanexpandourexperienceoftimeby.A.goingtobedontimeB.travelingtonewplacesChavingdinnerasusualD.printingthesamematerialsWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Beingfamiliarwiththeworldaroundhelpsusgetmoreinformation.B.Understandingpsychologicaltimemakeslifepassmorequickly.C.Wecantakeinmoreinformationbylivingthroughoursenses.D.Weshouldbuildastrongerrelationshipbetweentimeandus.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?22A.SlowDownTimeB.OnlyTimeWillTellCRaceAgainstTimeD.TimeWillNotComeTwiceDInSciencemagazineaskedsomeyoungscientistswhatschoolsshouldteachstudentsMostsaidstudentsshouldspendlesstimememorizingfactsandhavemorespaceforcreativeactivitiesAstheInternetgrowsmorepowerful,studentscanaccess(獲得)knowledgeeasilyWhyshouldtheyberequiredtocarrysomuchofitaroundintheirheads?Civilizationsdevelopthroughforgettinglifeskillsthatwereoncenecessary.IntheAgricultural(農(nóng)業(yè)的)Ageafarmercouldaffordtoforgethuntingskills.Whensocietiesindustrialized,theknowledgeoffarmingcouldbesafetoforget.Nowadays,smartmachinesgiveusaccesstomosthumanknowledge.Itseemsthatwenolongerneedtoremembermostthings.Doesitmatter?Researchershaverecognizedseveralproblemsthatmayhappen.Forone,humanbeingshavebiases(偏見),andsmartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiases.Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjectivebutmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers.Anotherproblemrelatestotheeaseofaccessinginformation.Whentherewerenocomputers,effortswererequiredtogetknowledgefromotherpeople,orgotothelibrary.Weknowwhatknowledgeliesinotherbrainsorbooks,andwhatliesinourheads.Buttoday,theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquickly.Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief-theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong.Inanewcivilizationrichinmachineintelligence,wehaveeasyaccesstosmartmemorynetworkswhereofthenetworksofrelationsourwell-being(健康)dependsupon,suchasfoodandenergy,wouldproduceterribleresults.Withoutfoodwegethungry;withoutenergywefeelcold.Anditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage.Weforgetoldwaystofreeuptimeandspacefornewskills.Aslongastheolderformsofknowledgearestoredsomewhereinournetworksandcanbefoundwhenweneedthem,perhapsthey'renotreallyforgotten.Still,astimegoeson,wegraduallybutunquestionablybecomestrangerstofuturepeople.Whyaresmartmachineslikelytoincreaseourbiases?A.Becausetheygooffcourseintestingandscoring.B.Becausewecontrolthetrainingprocessonthem.C.Becauseweofferthemtoomuchinformation.D.Becausetheyoverusetheprovidedanswers.31.TheeaseofaccessinginformationfromtheInternet.A.freesusfrommakingeffortstolearnnewskillsBpreventscivilizationsfrombeinglostatahighspeedCmisleadsusintothinkingwealreadyknew.theknowledgeDseparatesthefactswehavefromthoseinthesmartmachinesThewordcollapseinParagraphprobablymeans"A.asuddenfailureB.thebasicruleC.adisappointingstartD.thegradualdevelopmentWhatisthewritersmainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toquestionaboutthestandardsofinformationstorage.B.Todiscussourproblemsofcommunicationwithmachines.C.Tostresstheimportanceofimprovingourmemorizingability.D.Toremindusoftheriskofdependingonmachinestoremember.HugeWavesDestroyingArcticIceFasterthanExpectedIcecoversmuchoftheArcticOcean(北冰洋)Somepiecesoficearehuge,likemovingislands.Astemperatureshaveincreasedhowever,someoftheicehasbeguntodisappear.Scientistshavediscoveredhugewaves(海浪)inthearcticwaters.ThewaveswerediscoveredbyaccidentinMay,2010.ScientistAlekseyMarchenkoandhisstudentssetoutonatrip.Theywantedtostudytheicywaters.OnMaytheshiptraveledeastandstoppednexttoalargechunkoficearoundmilesfromthesmallislandofHopen.Marchenkopreparedtoleadhisstudentsoutontotheice.WewerereadytogobutwhenIwentoutIdiscoveredmanycracks(裂縫)around,"heremembers.Hedecidedtomovetheshipdeeperintotheicetokeepsafe.Thefartherintheywent,hethought,thehardertheicewouldbecomeAstheypushedforward,however,theshipexperiencedsmallwaves,andthenbiggerones.Soon,thewavesbrokeuptheicearoundtheshipintothousandsofsmallerpieces.8/229/22WithinanhourMarchenkoandhisteamsawawavethatwasabout13feethigh.Theship'snavigation(航行)systemfinallyrecordedthelargestwaves.Theyweremorethan20feetinheight.Thewavesweresostrongthattheyforcedhugepiecesoficetojumpupanddown,breakingtheiceintosmallerpieceswithinjustonehour.Scientistshadneverimaginedthattheprocesscouldhappensofast.Thewavesintheseareasusedtobesmall.Thespeedandforceofthehugewavestheremakesitimpossibletoknowinadvancewhentheyarecoming.Thatcouldbedangerousfornavigatorsandlocalcommunitieswhoareunpreparedforhugewavesordependonseaicetoprotectthem.Wildlifelikepolarbearsandwalrusesthatdependonseaicetoliveisalsoindanger.SomescientiststhinkpeoplewillsoonseeevenbiggerwavesintheseicywatersAswavesbreakupice,theseaswillbecomemoreopen,andthewaveswillgetevenstronger.Therearestormytimesahead.WhendidMarchenkoandhisstudentsdiscoverhugewavesinthearcticwaters?WhydidMarchenkoandhisstudentssetoutonthetrip?WhatdidMarchenkodecidetodotokeepsafe?Howhighwerethelargestwavesrecordedbythenavigationsystem?WhatisParagraphmainlyabout?學(xué)校正在開展“安全月”宣傳活動(dòng)，倡議大家制作關(guān)于安全教育的主題海報(bào)，你們班designsafetyrulecareful,protect,pictureWhenshouldyouhandintheposter?WhatwouldyouliketosharewithPeteraboutdesigningtheposter?arPeterImgladtoreceiveyouremail. IfthereisanythingmorethatIcanhelpwith,pleaseletmeknow.oursua以“自律”為主題的征文活動(dòng).假如你是李華，請(qǐng)用英語寫一篇短文投稿，談?wù)劄榱嗽鰏elfdisciplined的),plan,goal,habit,improveWhatdidyoudotobeself-disciplined?Whatbenefitshaveyougotfromdoingso?isciplineplaysanimportantroleinourlife Myadviceaccept動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故先DDBAC【分析】，他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手最后贏得了競(jìng)選。通過這件事作者學(xué)到了很多，他并不后悔為此付出的精力feltiteasytowinthatpeoplewouldfeelbadformeifIlost.可知，作者自己感覺沒什么，但是“害怕人alsospentthreehourswritingmyspeechsayingthatIwastheonetheycouldturntowhenevertheyhadaproblem可dintroduction根據(jù)上文Itwasobviouswhowould___5___.Fortherestoftheday,Ifeltlikeitwasover.Iwantedtojustgohomeandcry,butImadeitthrough.可知，作者已經(jīng)猜到了誰會(huì)贏得這次競(jìng)選。故這里應(yīng)表示before詞辨析。disappointmentandgrownstronger.可知，經(jīng)歷失敗，作者變得更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，所以失敗的經(jīng)歷能塑造性格。故應(yīng)選C。C這次經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到的東西。內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生們的日常生活，比較容易理解。題型是完形語境中運(yùn)用語言的能力，綜合性較強(qiáng)。做題時(shí)，應(yīng)先通讀短文，了解大意；然后根，先易后難，注意空前后的固定搭配，并仔細(xì)辨析選項(xiàng)中每個(gè)單詞的意思和用法；最后將wasobviouswhowould___5___.Fortherestoftheday,Ifeltlikeitwasover.Iwantedtojustgohomeandcry,butA國學(xué)生來到中國學(xué)習(xí)。短文中的這幾名學(xué)生就來自不同的國ilyforBgokarttoenterfortheGoGoRacernedherdesignintoarealworkinggoappensduringthemethingrightbydoingitafewtimesfirstandmakingmistakesalongthewayy長，但句式結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，敘述清晰，內(nèi)容也比較貼近日常生活，比較容易理解。閱讀理解：細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測(cè)題和主旨大意題。做題時(shí)，先通讀短文，了解目所問，鎖定文章相關(guān)段落或語句，或利用文章信息進(jìn)行推測(cè)和判斷。細(xì)節(jié)題相對(duì)較threeweekendsofhardwork,Sallyturnedherdesignintoareal,workinggo-kartandpainteditlightblue.DadaskedC的體驗(yàn)是可以改變的。根據(jù)心理學(xué)上的一個(gè)基本規(guī)律：當(dāng)我們接觸新的環(huán)境和經(jīng)歷attimeseemstoslowdownwhenwereexposed(接觸)tonewenvironmentsandexperiences.可知，當(dāng)我們接觸新環(huán)境和經(jīng)歷時(shí)，時(shí)間好像會(huì)變angiveourwholeattentiontoanexperiencetowhatweareseeing,feeling,tasting,smellingorhearing.Thismeanslivingthroughoursensesratherpsychologicaltimeisthattimeseemstoslowdownwhenwe’reexposed(接觸)tonewenvironmentsandexperiences.eHerearetwosuggestions理，并對(duì)如何使時(shí)間變慢提出了建議。因此整篇文章都是圍D？態(tài)度的，并仔細(xì)分析不靠自己的記憶，而去依賴機(jī)器會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多問題的發(fā)生，提醒我們依artmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiasesManypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective,butmachinesarengprocessIntheprocesshumanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers和評(píng)分過程的訓(xùn)練，在這個(gè)過程中，人類仍然決定著正確的答案。故mationweneedquicklyThiscanleadtoowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong我們快速得到所需要的信息，但這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的信念，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的知識(shí)是我們一直都知道的一部tiesofbeingharmedeasilyThecollapseofanyofthenetworksofrelationsourwell-being(健康)dependsupon,suchasfoodandenergy,wouldmbermostthingsDoesitmatterstspossibilitiesofbeingharmedeasily機(jī)器會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多問題的發(fā)生，由此可知推知作者寫這篇文章的目的是提醒我們依賴機(jī)器記35.Becausetheywantedtostudytheicywaters.36.Hemovedtheshipdeeperintotheice.37.Morethan20feet.38.ThedamageofthehugewaterstopeopleandwildlifeinArctic.家們?cè)诒北蟀l(fā)現(xiàn)了海浪，海浪非常大，迫使巨大的冰塊上下跳躍，在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)小的冰塊，而隨著冰塊的減少，海浪就會(huì)變得更大，這使得依賴冰塊生存的北極熊、海象等ssetoutonatripTheywantedtostudytheicywaters.cordedthelargestwavesTheyweremorethananfeetommunitieswhoareunpreparedforhugewavesordependonseaicetoprotectthem.WildlifelikepolarbearsandwalrusesthatdependonseaicetoliveisalsoindamageofthehugewaterstopeopleandwildlifeinArctic.章主題明確，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，但短文中句式結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，內(nèi)容離學(xué)生們的日常生活較遠(yuǎn)，在理解上有一定的難度。題型是任務(wù)型閱讀，要求根據(jù)文意回答問題，考查學(xué)生們對(duì)文章事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的理解。做題coveredailAsitisrequiredyouaresupposedtohandintheposterbefo