北京市順義區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語

順義區(qū)2024屆高三第一次統(tǒng)練英語試卷考生須知：1.本試卷總分100分，考試時(shí)長90分鐘。本試卷共12頁，共三部分。2.在答題卡上準(zhǔn)確填寫學(xué)校、姓名、班級(jí)和教育ID號(hào)。3.考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。選擇題必須用2B鉛筆作答，非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡交回，試卷自己保留。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Agoldenfogsettledoverthefields.Thesunpreparedtorestfortheevening.Ilookedforwardtosettingmy___1___asideforanevening.Iwasn’tlongheadedhomewhenIheardavoicebehindme.“Photo,photo,photo.”Ayoungboyabout7or8yearsoldfollowedclosely.Ibreathedatiredsigh.Ihadno___2___topresstheshutterbuttononemoretime,nomatterhowbeautifuloreagerhewas,buthekeptfollowingme.AsIlookedathim,half___3___,anideaforacompositionflashedinmymind.Ikneeledinthefieldandinstructedtheboywheretostandandhowtopose.AsIpreparedtotakethephotograph,hisenergysuddenlyshiftedfrom___4___toshynesstofear.NomatterwhatItoldhimtodo—howtostand,howtolook—Ijustcouldn’tgetthe___5___.Defeated,Igaveup.Ilookedattheboy,wholooked___6___andawkward.Inaneffortto___7___him,Iclappedmyhands,saying,“Thatwasgreat.Youweregreat.”Passers-bygatheredaround,cheeringandclappingloudly.Theboy’sfaceimmediatelybrokeinto(a)___8___.Iintuitively(直覺地)tookafewshotsofthemoment.Thatphotographturnedouttobebetterthanthe___9___I’dimaginedbecauseitcamefromadeeperplacewithinme.Whenwe____10____frustration(懊惱)andfocusonwhat’shereinthemoment,thatiswhenwearemovedtocreatefromtheinsideout.1.A.money B.camera C.boots D.notebook2.A.time B.confidence C.energy D.chance3.A.interested B.disappointed C.relieved D.puzzled4.A.panic B.confusion C.eagerness D.directness5.A.help B.attention C.idea D.shot6A.alone B.unconcerned C.violent D.thoughtful7A.disturb B.cheer C.accept D.satisfy8.A.smile B.tears C.worries D.surprise9.A.style B.color C.content D.composition10.A.turnto B.dealwith C.letgoof D.giveinto第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。KennethShinozukawas10whenhisgrandfather,___11___hasAlzheimer’sdisease,begantowander.Hewantedtoinventsomethingtohelp.Thatturnedouttobeapressuresensorinasock.Thesensorwillsendanalarmtoacaregiver’ssmartphoneassoonasapatient___12___(step)outofbed.TodayKennethcontinuestoimprovehisinvention___13___(help)caregiversgetanalarmfromanydistance.HisbiggestdreamistoonedayfindcuresforallAlzheimer’s.B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Merriam-Webster___14___(announce)that“authentic”wasatoptermoftheyear2023.TheriseofAlhelpeddriveinterest___15___theword.Andthelinebetween“real”and“fake”(假的)hasbecome___16___(increasing)unclear.Asaresult,insocialmediaandmarketing,“authentic”hasbecomethegoldstandardforbuildingtrust.C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WorldAnimalDayisanannualeventon4thOctober,___17___(aim)toimproveanimalrightsacrosstheglobe.It___18___(celebrate)sinceaGermanwriterandpublisherstarteditin1925.Throughjoininginvarious___19___(organize)events,peoplearebetterawareofhowanimalsshouldbetreated.Andtherearesomany___20___(option)foreveryonetohelpendtheneedlesssufferingofallanimals.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheCAUSELeadershipAcademy(CLA)forstudentsisapaidnine-weekinternship(實(shí)習(xí))programthatconnectscollegeundergraduatestocommunitiesthroughlocalpoliticalexperiencesandpreparesthemtoleadandadvocateforthecivicengagement.GeneralInformation:·ProgramDuration:June24th,2024—August23rd,2024·LocationandTimeCommitment:CLAwillbeanin-person,full-timeprogram(5daysperweek,about40hoursperweek).·Payment:Eachinternwillreceive$4,000uponsatisfactorycompletionoftheprogram.ProgramGoals:·Togainnewskillsandknowledge·Todeepenunderstandingofissuesthatimpactthelocalcommunity·Toexplorecivicleadershipcareerpaths·TodevelopprofessionalexperienceandskillstobeeffectiveinpoliticaladvocacyandcampaignsupportProgramComponents:·Internswillworktogethertodevelopaproject.·Internswillbeplacedinapublic,private,ornon-profithostoffice.·InternswilllearnaboutandsupportcivicengagementeffortswiththeirHostOffice.·Internswilldevelopleadershipskillsandexpandunderstandingofcivicengagement.Requirementsfortheapplicants:·HaveaminimumGPA(GradePointAverage)of3.0·Beacurrentstudentwithatleastoneyearofcollegecompletedorarecentcollegegraduate·BeabletoactivelyparticipateinallmajoreventsForfullconsideration,applicantsmustensurebothApplicationandLetterofRecommendationarereceivedbySunday,January28th,2024at11:59pm.21.Theprogramaimstohelpparticipants_______.A.leadpoliticalcampaigns B.makehighacademicachievementsC.choosecivicleadershipcareerpaths D.deepenunderstandingofcivicissues22.CLAwillprovideinterns_______.A.atrainingonline B.aprojecttofinishindividuallyC.aleaderpositioninaHostOffice D.a$4,000paymentforgreatwork23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Participatinginallevents. B.HavingaGPAnolessthan3.0.C.ApplyingafterJanuary28th,2024. D.Beingacurrenthighschoolstudent.BIfyouhaveeverseenasnowflakedesignonjewelryorabag,chancesareitwasbasedononeofWilsonBentley’smorethan5,000photomicrographsofsnowcrystals(晶體).Atfirst,though,Bentleydidnothaveanywaytosharehisenjoymentofthedelicatehexagons(六邊形)otherthantodrawthem.Hespenthoursoutsideorinsidehisunheatedstoreroomwithamicroscope.Hewouldpickupasnowcrystalandtransferittoamicroscopeslide.There,heflatteneditwithabirdfeather.Then,holdinghisbreath,heobservedthecrystalandhurriedtodrawwhathesawbeforeitturnedforeverintothinair.Afewyearslater,Bentleybeganhispursuittophotographasnowcrystal.Heattachedamicroscopetoacamera.Timeaftertime,hisnegativesappearedblank.Thefollowingwinter,hefinallyfiguredoutthattoomuchlightwasreachingthecamera.Hissolutionwastoplaceametalplatewithatinyholeinthecenterbeneaththestageofthemicroscope.Itcutdownthestray(雜散)lightandallowedonlythelightwavescarryingtheimagetoreachthecamera.OnJanuary15,1885,attheageof19,Bentleyfinallyphotographedasnowflake!Hespentmanyhoursoverthenext45yearsinhistinydarkroomdevelopingnegatives.Bentleylivedhisentirelifeonhischildhoodfarm.Hefarmedforaliving.Tohisfriendsandfamily,hewaskind,gentle,andfunny“Willie”.Buttoscientists,hewastheuntrainedresearcherwhobecameasnowcrystalpioneer.Hewroteforsciencejournals.Henotonlyphotographedsnowcrystalsbutalsobecameanauthorityondew(露水)andfrost.Hekeptadetaileddailylogoflocalweatherconditionsthroughouthislife.Hedevelopedamethodtomeasurethesizeofraindropstoo.Bentleynevermademorethanafewthousanddollarsfromhiswork.Ithadbeenalaboroflove,andhewassatisfiedtobeabletosharethebeautyofhissnowcrystalswiththeworld.Andtoday,heisrememberedasSnowflakeBentley.24.WhydidBentleydrawthesnowcrystals?A.Todesignproducts. B.Tobecomeanartist.C.Tosharehispleasure. D.Toresearchtheweather.25.Tophotographasnowcrystal,Bentley_______.A.improvedthemicroscope B.changedthenegativesC.turneddownthelight D.inventedacamera26.WhatdoweknowaboutBentley?A.Helivedasuccessfulbutboringlife. B.Hewaslaughedatforlackoftraining.C.Heearnedalotofmoneyfromhisphotos. D.Hewasnotonlyanartistbutalsoascientist.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Intelligenceisthekeytosuccess.C.Loveanddevotionmakesaperson. D.Chancesareforthosewhoareprepared.CIloveagrouptext—agrext,ifyou’llpermitme—butlately,thehugenumberofthemcompetingformyattentionhasfeltoutofcontrol.BythetimeIwakeup,thenotificationshavealreadystartedrollingin;asI’mgoingtobed,they’restillcoming.Inbetween,Itrytokeepup,butallittakesisone30-minutemeetingbeforeI’vesomehowgotten100newmessages.Iscrollupandup,tryingtofindwhereIleftoff,likeI’velostmyplaceinabookthatkeepsgettinglonger.Forbetterorforworse,wemightbeintheAgeoftheGroupChat.Onestudyfoundthatlessthan2percentofparticipantshadonlyone-on-onechatsonsocialmedia.42percentsaidthatgroupchatscanfeellikeapart-timejob.Otherstudieshavefoundthatgroupchatscancontributetogroupbondandsharedfun.Agrouptextcanbelikeareminderthatyou’repartofsomething.Someresearcherscallthis“ambientvirtualpresence”:Evenwhenyou’realone,you’renotalone.Thisislikebatsanddolphinsproducingacontinuoussoundandusetheresultingecho(回聲)tosensewhat’saroundthem.Buttakingintoomanysignalscancreatea“waterfalltypeofeffect,”wheremessageskeepfloodinginandaddingup.Eventually,you’reunderwater.Addingtothedisorder,withoutastandardrule,peoplehaveverydifferentideasaboutgroupnormandwhatdegreeofresponsivenessisrequired—whichcancauserealtension.Fearofthattensioncanmakewordlessorevenleavingachatfeeldispiriting.Andanyway,youmightnotwanttomissout.Thedesireisn’ttoexittheroomsomuchastobreakawindow.Ifgroupmessagingislikeecholocation,thendisconnectingmeanslost.Ultimately,mostofusdowantconnection,evenifitinvolvessomeduties;we’lltakequantitiesofmessageswhenwe’rebusyifitmeanswecanreachoutwhenwe’rehurting.Ageneraladviceistogiveupgrextsthatarecarryingonbutthatdon’treallyinterestyou.Butwhenyoucan’t,you’lljusthavetoacceptthatbelongingtakessomeeffort.That’sthenatureofrelationships,right?28.TheauthoruseshisexperienceinParagraph1to_______.A.introducethetopic B.predicttheendingC.highlightanopinion D.illustrateanargument29.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Lonelypeopleprefergroupchats. B.Batsanddolphinshavegroupchats.C.Groupchatsofferasenseofbelonging. D.Groupchatscreateafewpart-timejobs.30.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?A.Groupchatneedsastandardrule.B.Groupchatgivesusmorefearthanjoy.C.Groupchathelpspromotestrongconnection.D.Groupchatisjustawaytomaintainrelationships.DBorders,departments,orissueareasallrepresentwhatsystemsanalystscallsystemboundaries.Systemboundariesdivide.thebig,messy,interconnectedworldintosmallersubsystems.Thisisuseful,evennecessary.Ourmindsandourcollectivegovernancesystemswouldbestuckifwehadtoalwaysconsideralltheconnectionsofeverythingtoeverythingelse.Butdividingsystemsintosubsystemscansometimesbreakanaturalcooperativity.Forinstance,adecarbonizingcountrywillspendmoneyinitsenergyandtransportationsectorsandsavemoneyinitshealthsystem.Decarbonizationcouldbeawinforthewhole,butitmightbeexperiencedasabotherforparticularsubsystems.DonellaMeadows,theearlysystemsmodeler,wrotethatsystemboundariesare“l(fā)inesinthemind,notintheworld.”Andthatisactuallygoodnews.Ifdepartments,anddisciplinesarejustideas,thenthereisnothingimmovableaboutthem.Wecanmaketheseborderslessobviousandconductpartnershipsacrossthem.Wecanevenredrawthemtoincludemoreofwhatmattersinasingleprojectorinvestment.That’sthepremiseofmultisolving—usingoneinvestmentoftimeorefforttoachieveseveralgoalsatonce.Forinstance,WarmUpNewZealand(WUNZ)upgradedtheenergyefficiencyofresidentialbuildingsandprovidedjobsinthebuildingsectorafterafinancialdownturn.Theprojectresultedinbetterhealthforresidents,aswell.Thattranslatedintohealthsystemssavings.Takentogether,a2011studyestimatedthatacrossallthesebenefits,theprojectsaved$3.90forevery$1invested.Multisolvingseemspossibleeverywhereandlikeanobviouschoice.Yet,itisverymuchtheexception,nottherule.Whyismultisolvingstillsorarewhenithasthenowertoboostprogressonsomeofthemosturgentissuesweface?Unfamiliaritystandsintheway,asdoesanoft-unexaminedassumptionthatmakingissuessmallermakesthemeasiertoaddress.Weoftenheartheviewpoint,“Ialreadyworkonpoverty(orclimate,etc.)andthat’shardenough.WhyshouldIaddbiodiversityorpollutiontothemix?”Fundraisingforcrossingborderscanbeastruggletoo.Funderswantthe“visibleresults”shown,buttheydon’talwaysseecrossingbordersasanessentialpartofachievingthoseresults.Itiseasytodevalueandunderemphasizeconnection-building.Afterall,itcanbedelicateandnotalwaysvisible.Buttorealizegoalsintoday’sworld,fromequitablepoliciesandlow-carbonfacilitiestovalueslikecooperationandfairness,wedoneeddeepshifts,andweneedthemsoon.Andfacilitatingtheflowofideasbackandforthacrossbordersisonewaytospeedchange.31.Asforsystemsboundaries,theauthoris______.A.critical B.puzzled C.supportive D.unconcerned32.Whatdoestheword“premise”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Prediction. B.Precondition. C.Prevention. D.Presentation.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplearefamiliarwithmultisolving.B.WUNZperformedmultisolvingsuccessfully.C.Raisingmoneyhelpstoproducevisibleresults.D.Multisolvingiswidelyusedtoaddressproblems.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Multisolving:HardtoachievesoonBMultisolving:EssentialtosolvesmallissuesC.Multisolving:ConductingpartnershipacrossbordersD.Multisolving:Makingsystemswhole,healthy,andsustainable第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Flowisacognitive(認(rèn)知的)statewhereoneiscompletelyimmersed(沉浸)inanactivity—frompaintingandwritingtoyogaandsurfboarding.___35___TheprocessofflowwasdiscoveredandcoinedbytheHungarian-AmericanpsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyi.Inthe1960s,Csikszentmihalyistudiedthecreativeprocessandfoundthat,whenanartistwasinthecourseofflow,theywouldinsistontheirtaskstrictly,regardlessofhungerorexhaustion.___36___OneofCsikszentmihalyi’skeypointsaboutflowisthatapersonneedstopushoneselfoutoftheircomfortzonetostimulateit.Becauseit’sadynamicstate,onehastoconstantlyadjusttheskilllevel,challenge,andcomplexityrequiredfortheactivity.___37___Ifyourskilllevelgoesbeyondtheactivity,boredomwillsetin,whichwillbreakthestateofflow.___38___Onecanaccessflowbythinkingofactivitieslikesports,dancingandpainting.Wecanalsohaveaflowstateexperiencewithmanyofourday-to-daytasksandencounters.WatchingTVandvideogaming,however,arenotonthatlist.Flowcanalsobeatoolforbetteremotionregulation(調(diào)節(jié)).Whenapersonisinastateofflow,thereislittleneedfordoubtsoranxietiesaboutoneselfortheworldingeneral.___39___Throughtheprocessofflow,apersonchoosestofocusonataskandgainasenseofautonomyovertime,body,andmind.However,pushingyourselftofindtheflowstatecanbackfire.Infact,tryingtoohardorwonderingwhetheryouareinthisstateinitselfgoesagainstflow.Welosethebalancebetweentensionandskilllevelifweconcentratetoomuchonthetask.A.Eventheuncertaintiesoflifefallaway.B.Peoplemaynotrealizeitbutanyonecanfindflow.C.Askyourselfifacertaintaskwillfulfillagoalofyours.D.Flowcansometimesbeviewedasaforerunnerforpeakperformance.E.Healsofoundthattheartistwouldhighlighttheprocessandnottheendresult.F.Asyoupracticeaskill,yourlevelofmasterywillchangeaswillthefeelingofflow.G.Itinvolvesintensefocus,creativeengagementandthelossofawarenessoftimeandself.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。There’sadifferencebetweenbeingniceandbeingkind.Beingniceinvolvesbeingpoliteandpleasingtoothers.Ifyou’repeoplepleasing,you’replacinganexpectationonthepersonyou’rebeingnicetothattheyrespondtoyouinacertainway.Beingkindislessself-serving.Ontheonehand,kindnessinvolvesbeinggenerouswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.Theotherhalfisthepurposebehindtheaction.Akindpersonisactingoutofsympathyandgenuineconcernforanother.Thedifferenceisintentionality,saidDr.CatherineFranssen,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatLongwoodUniversityinVirginia,notingthatakindpersontriestoreallyunderstandwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Practicingkindnessratherthannicenessallowspeopletodevelopdeepergenuineconnectionswithothers,saidFranssen.Themoreyoudoit,theeasieritwillgettorelatetoothersandbuildmoremeaningfulrelationshipsinallaspectsoflife.Thewarmfeelingyougetfromperf