北京市海淀區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

海淀區(qū)2020~2021學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中練習(xí)高三英語本試卷共10頁(yè)，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，25分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。LessonPlanItwasjustanordinaryday.Therewastheusual___1___asthechildrengreetedeachother.IlookedovermyplanbookandIneverfeltbetter.Itwouldbeagooddayandwewould___2___alot.Afterwesettledinforourreadingclass,Istartedtochecktheirworkbooks.WhenIcametoTroy,hehadhisheaddownasheshowedhisunfinished___3___infrontofme.Hetriedtopullhimselfbackoutofmysightashesatonmyrighthandside.___4___Ilookedattheinpleteworkandsaid,“Troy,thisisnotfinished."HelookedupatmewiththemostpleadingeyesIhaveseeninachildandsaid,“Icouldn'tdoitlastnightbecausemymotherisdying."Thesobsthatfollowed___5___theentireclass.How___6___Iwasthathewassittingnexttome.Itookhiminmyarmsandhisheadrestedagainstmychest.Hissobsechoedthroughtheroomandtearsflowed.Thechildrensatwithtearfilledeyesindeadsilence.OnlyTroy'ssobsbrokethestillnessofthatmorningclass.Onechild___7___forthetissueboxwhileIjustpressedhislittlebodyclosertomyheart.WhatdoIdoforachildwhoislosinghismother?Chokingbackmytears,Isaidtothegroup,"Let'sprayfortherecoveryofhismother."Andeveryonedidso.Aftersometime,Troylookedupatmeandsaid,"IthinkIwillbeokaynow."Hehadexhaustedhissupplyoftears;hereleasedthe___8___inhisheart.Laterthatafternoon,Troy'smotherdied.WhenIwenttothefuneral(葬禮），Troyrushedtogreetme.Hefellintomyarmsandjustrestedthereawhile.Heseemedtogainstrengthandcourage,andthenheledmetothecoffin.Therehewasabletolookintothefaceofhismother,toface___9___eventhoughhemightneverbeabletounderstandthemysteryofit.ThatnightIwenttobedfeelingluckyforthegoodsenseto____10____myreadingplanandtoholdthebrokenheartofachildinmyownheart.1.A.embarrassment B.excitement C.astonishment D.disappointment2.A.acplish B.demand C.miss D.recall3.A.experiment B.assignment C.document D.argument4.A.Gradually B.Hopefully C.Accidentally D.Naturally5.A.frightened B.annoyed C.shocked D.impressed6.A.glad B.surprised C.proud D.curious7.A.wished B.raced C.prepared D.waited8.A.desire B.power C.burden D.guilt9.A.difficulty B.failure C.death D.sorrow10.A.carryout B.carryon C.setup D.setaside【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.A7.B8.C9.C10.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者雖然沒有順利完成自己的教學(xué)計(jì)劃，但卻撫慰了一個(gè)孩子破碎的心?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們互相問候時(shí)，像往常一樣充滿了興奮。A.embarrassment尷尬；B.excitement激動(dòng)；興奮；C.astonishment驚訝；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)“asthechildrengreetedeachother.”可知，孩子們像往常一樣充滿了興奮，相互打招呼。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這將是美好的一天，我們會(huì)有很多收獲。A.acplish完成，成就；B.demand要求；C.miss想念；D.recall回憶。根據(jù)“IlookedovermyplanbookandIneverfeltbetter.”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己的計(jì)劃很好，所以作者認(rèn)為我們將會(huì)收獲很多。故選A。【3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我來到Troy身旁時(shí)，他低著頭在我面前展示他未完成的作業(yè)。A.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；B.assignment任務(wù)，作業(yè)；C.document文件；D.argument爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)“Ilookedattheinpleteworkandsaid,“Troy,thisisnotfinished."”可知，Troy的作業(yè)未完成。故選B。【4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：自然地，我看著未完成的作業(yè)說:“Troy，這還沒有完成?！盇.Gradually逐漸地；B.Hopefully懷著希望地；C.Accidentally意外地；D.Naturally自然地。老師看到學(xué)生作業(yè)沒完成，自然會(huì)說：“Troy，這還沒有完成。”故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨后的啜泣震驚了整個(gè)班級(jí)。A.frightened害怕；B.annoyed惱怒；C.shocked震驚；D.impressed影響。Troy的母親快要死了，Troy傷心的啜泣，這個(gè)消息令整個(gè)班級(jí)的學(xué)生震驚。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他坐在我旁邊，我是多么高興。A.glad高興的；B.surprised驚訝的；C.proud自豪的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)Itookhiminmyarmsandhisheadrestedagainstmychest.可知因?yàn)門roy坐在作者旁邊，作者可以給他安慰，作者因此感到高興。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)孩子跑向紙巾盒，而我只是把他小小身體緊貼在我的心口。A.wished希望；B.raced賽跑；C.prepared準(zhǔn)備；D.waited等待。這里指一個(gè)小孩子迅速跑向紙巾盒拿紙巾。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他卸下了心中的重?fù)?dān)。A.desire要求；B.power力量；C.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；D.guilt愧疚。根據(jù)“Aftersometime,Troylookedupatmeandsaid,"IthinkIwillbeokaynow."”可知，Troy認(rèn)為自己會(huì)好起來，說明卸下了心中的重?fù)?dān)。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里，他能看到母親的臉，面對(duì)死亡，盡管他可能永遠(yuǎn)無法理解死亡的奧秘。A.difficulty困難；B.failure失??；C.death死亡；D.sorrow悲傷。根據(jù)“eventhoughhemightneverbeabletounderstandthemysteryofit.”結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容“Troy的母親去世了”，可知，對(duì)于這么小的孩子來說，雖然面對(duì)死亡，但卻無法理解死亡的奧秘。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：那天晚上，我上床睡覺時(shí)感到很慶幸，因?yàn)槲业睦碇前盐业拈喿x計(jì)劃放在一邊，把一個(gè)孩子絕望的心放在了心上。A.carryout實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.carryon從事；C.setup創(chuàng)立；D.setaside留出；把……放一邊。根據(jù)andtoholdthebrokenheartofachildinmyownheart.以及結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容，可知作者暫時(shí)把自己的教學(xué)計(jì)劃擱置，去安撫一個(gè)心靈受傷的孩子。故選D。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Bulletproofcoffee___11___(invent)in2011byDaveAsprey,anAmericanbusinessman.HecameupwiththeideaaftervisitingTibetin2004.Aspreynoticedthatpeoplethereweredrinkingtheirteaswithyakbutter.___12___Aspreytriedacup,hefeltreallygood.Sowhenhegotbackhome,Aspreytriedmakinghisownrecipebyaddinggrassfedbutterandcoconutoiltohiscoffee.Hediscoveredthatitgavehimenergyandevenhelpedhimloseweight.Plus,ittastedprettygood.So,hedecidedtosharehisrecipe___13___theworld.【答案】11.wasinvented12.When/As/After13.with【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述的是一名美國(guó)商人DaveAsprey在西藏旅行時(shí)嘗到了酥油茶感覺很棒，回去之后他在咖啡中加入了食草動(dòng)物黃油和椰子油，感覺很好，可以增加能量還能減肥，所以他決定跟全世界分享這樣的咖啡，因此創(chuàng)造了“butterproofcoffee”。

【11題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：Bulletproofcoffee是美國(guó)商人DaveAsprey在2011年創(chuàng)造的。分析句子可知空處是句子的謂語動(dòng)詞，主語Bulletproofcoffee與動(dòng)詞“invent（發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造）”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用be+done結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“in2011”可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，主語謂單數(shù)，故填wasinvented。

【12題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：當(dāng)Asprey試著喝一杯時(shí)，他感覺很好。分析句子可知這是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，可以表示“當(dāng)他試了一杯的時(shí)候”或“在他試了一杯之后”，所以可以用when/as(當(dāng)…時(shí)候）或after（在…之后）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，故填When/As/After。

【13題詳解】考查介詞/固定搭配。句意：所以，他決定與全世界分享他的食譜。短語“share…with…”表示“與…分享…”符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意，故填with。

B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。DoubanisaChinesesocialnetworkingplatformwhoseusersaremostlyyoungpeople.Recently,aDoubandiscussiongroup___14___(name)“985LoserIntroductionPlan"becamepopular,causingaheateddiscussion.MostofthegroupmembersarestudentsorgraduatesfromtopuniversitiesinChina,buttheyconsider___15___(they)aslosersforvariousreasons.Bywritingdowntheirownlifestories,theysharetheir___16___（suffer)andaimtoimprovetheirsituationsbylearningfromeachother'sexperiences.【答案】14.named15.themselves16.suffering(s)【解析】本文為新聞報(bào)道。近日，豆瓣上一個(gè)名為“985廢物引進(jìn)計(jì)劃”的討論小組走紅，他們分享失敗故事，討論如何脫困?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：近日，豆瓣上一個(gè)名為“985失敗者引進(jìn)計(jì)劃”的討論小組走紅，引發(fā)了激烈的討論。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，___1___(name)“985LoserIntroductionPlan"作后置定語，修飾主語aDoubandiscussiongroup，所給詞匯與主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語，故填named?！?5題詳解】考查反身代詞。句意：這個(gè)團(tuán)體的大多數(shù)成員都是中國(guó)頂尖大學(xué)的學(xué)生或畢業(yè)生，但由于各種原因，他們認(rèn)為自己是失敗者。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所給詞匯在句中作賓語，主語和賓語指代同一事物，賓語用反身代詞。故填themselves?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：通過寫下他們自己的生活故事，他們分享自己的痛苦，并從彼此的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)習(xí)，來改善他們的處境。分析句子成分可知，所給詞匯在句中作賓語，故應(yīng)用名詞形式，根據(jù)句意，故填suffering(s)。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Keepingatraveljournalisoneofthebest___17___(way)tokeepthememoryofatripalive.Goingbackandreadingyourownwords___18___(describe)adayinaforeigncountrymakesyourealizehoweasyitistoforgetlittledetails.Forpeoplewhoarenotusedtowritingonadailybasis,keepingatraveljournaldoesn'thavetobehard.It___19___(require)onlyasmalleffort.Iusuallyspare15to20minutesatnightbeforegoingtosleep,___20___forcesmetobeconcise(簡(jiǎn)潔的）andefficient.【答案】17.ways18.describing19.requires20.which【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了寫旅行日記是保持旅行記憶最好的方法之一。

【17題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：寫旅行日記是保持旅行記憶的最好方法之一。固定短語“oneof+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最......之一”，所以名詞應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填ways。

【18題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：回過頭來閱讀你自己描述在異國(guó)他鄉(xiāng)一天的文字，你會(huì)意識(shí)到小細(xì)節(jié)是多么容易忘記。分析句子，可知謂語動(dòng)詞為makes，所以describe（描述）在句中用作非謂語動(dòng)詞，與邏輯主語words構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾名詞words，故填describing。

【19題詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：這只需要一點(diǎn)小小的努力。主語it為單數(shù)，句子在描述客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)主謂一致原則，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故填requires。

【20題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：晚上睡覺前，我通常會(huì)抽出15到20分鐘的時(shí)間，這迫使我做到簡(jiǎn)潔高效。分析句子，可知這是一個(gè)非限定性定語從句，先行詞為前一句內(nèi)容描述的這件事，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)使用which引導(dǎo)該從句，故填which。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAtage12,KeeganSobiloofNewBaltimorecarefullytuckshislegsandarmsintoafiresuit,pullsonahelmetandclimbsintoaracecarthatexceeds80mph.Hehasbeendoingthissinceage8.“Atfirst,Iwasscaredtodeath.Iwaslike,'Let'sdobowlingorswimming.'It'sstillveryscary.Butheknowswhathe'sdoing.Yourheartgoesoutonthattrackeverytimehegoesoutthere,"saidhismotherHillarySobilo.＂Thesixthgraderalwayswearspajamastothetrackeverynightandtakesthemoffwhenheputshisraceclotheson.He'sbeendoingthatforthelastfouryears.That'shistrademark,”saidTimPhillips,hiscrewchief.Thefirsttimeheworehistrainpajamastothetrack,Keeganwentfromlastplacetoninthplace.Hedecidedtheybroughtluck.Sincethen,hehaswonaseriesofchampionships.Passionforcarsrunsinthefamily.Keegan'sfatherisadesignmechanicatFiatChryslerAutomobiles.Heknowswhatitmeanstohaveseatsandrollcagesbuilttofithisson'sbody."WhatIseeinKeeganispassion,likehowIfeelaboutcarrestoration.Butforhim,everythinghastoalignitself.Itellmysonyouhavetobetheperfectpackage.Winningraceseveryweekendisnottheonlykey.Moreimportantly,youhavetohavetherightname,youhavetolookthecorrectway,speakthecorrectway,andactthecorrectway.Thentherestofitisreallyluck,likethestockmarket.Ifyoudon'tputyourselfoutthere,you'llneverhititbig."WhileKeegan'sclassmatesplaybasketballandvolleyball,KeeganisattheBirchRuntrackpracticing,qualifyingandracinguntil10p.m.or2a.m.Whilemanychildrenspendtimeplayingvideogames,Keeganrunsracesimulationtrainingwithhisjoystickafterschool.＂Thekidiscool.Itwaslikehavingagrandson.Weshowedrespecttoeachother.Andhetakesitveryseriously,"saidpetitorMikeTodd,69,ofGalesburg,Michigan."He'sanoldersoulinayoungman'sbody.I'dliketoseehimmakeitbig.He'sgotthewillpower."21.Keeganenjoys______A.swimmingB.racingcarsC.bowlingD.playinggames22.Accordingtothepassage.,whatdoesKeegan'sfathervaluemost?A.Victory.B.SafetyC.Goodqualities.D.Realluck.23.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatA.KeeganspendsalotoftimepracticingB.thetrainpajamasbringKeegansuccessC.Keegan'smotherworriesabouthisstudiesD.Keeganpickedupthehobbyattheageof4【答案】21.B22.C23.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了12歲男孩對(duì)賽車的熱愛和追求并為之努力訓(xùn)練的故事。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，如第一段末尾“...climbsintoaracecarthatexceeds80mph.Hehasbeendoingthissinceage8.”（……爬進(jìn)了一輛速度超80英里每小時(shí)的賽車，他從八歲起就一直做這個(gè)）可知，他喜歡的是賽車，故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Keegan父親的話“Winningraceseveryweekendisnottheonlykey.Moreimportantly,youhavetohavetherightname,youhavetolookthecorrectway,speakthecorrectway,andactthecorrectway.”可知，每個(gè)周末贏得比賽并不是唯一的追求。更重要的是，你要有正確的言行舉止，為人處世要得當(dāng)，C項(xiàng)“美好品質(zhì)”是對(duì)這的準(zhǔn)確概括，他父親看重的是這個(gè)，故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第五段結(jié)尾處“KeeganisattheBirchRuntrackpracticing,qualifyingandracinguntil10p.m.or2a.m.Whilemanychildrenspendtimeplayingvideogames,Keeganrunsracesimulationtrainingwithhisjoystickafterschool.”可知Keegan可能會(huì)練習(xí)賽車直到晚上十點(diǎn)甚至是凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)，當(dāng)其他孩子都在玩游戲時(shí)，他在放學(xué)后把時(shí)間都花在賽車模擬訓(xùn)練上了。從原文這一內(nèi)容可知Keegan花了很多的時(shí)間練習(xí)（賽車），故選A。BYou'renevertooyoungtomakeanimpactonyourmunity.MembersofGenZareexceptionallycreative,causeoriented,andhyperawareoftheworldaroundthem,makingthemperfectlyreadytohelphandletheworld'sproblemsthroughvolunteering.Ifyouwanttomakeadifferenceinyourmunity,beapartofsomethingbiggerthanyourself,orjustneedtoearnsomerequiredvolunteerhours,thenthisistheplacetostart.HereareafeworganizationsofGenZwithvolunteeropportunitiesforteens!HabitatforHumanityEveryonedeservestohaveaplacetheycallhome.ByvolunteeringwithHabitatforHumanityyoucanplayaroleinbuildingupyourmunity.TheirHabitatYouthProgramsacceptvolunteersbetweentheagesof5and40foreverythingfromhomeconstructiontoaffordablehousingadvocacy.MealsonWheelsForthoseteenswhojustgottheirlicensesandloveanyreasontogetbehindthewheel,here'savolunteeropportunitythat'llmakedrivingworthwhile.MealsonWheelsisonamissiontomeetthenutritionalandsocialneedsofseniors.225millionmealshavebeendeliveredsofarconnectwithyourlocalprovidertofindouthowyoucangetinvolved.KeyClubAstheoldestserviceprogramforhighschoolers,theKeyClubhasquiteahistoryofhelpingteensgetinvolvedinvolunteering.Becauseclubsarestudentled,yougetadirectsayinthekindsofserviceprojectsyouwanttodo.Chancesare,there'salreadyachapterinyourschool,butifnot,youcantrytakingtheleadinone.BestBuddiesVolunteerwithBestBuddiestohelpendthesocial,physical,andeconomicisolationof200millionpeoplewithintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilitiesandyou'llmakesomenewpalsintheprocess!Joinaschoolchapter(orstartyourown)tousefriendshipasatoolforinclusivityinyourmunity.Anddon'tworry.Evenifyoucan'tvolunteerphysically,therearealsotonsofonlinevolunteerOpportunitiesavailable!FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaworthwhilevolunteerorganizationsatGenZ.org.24.Ifyouwanttohelppeoplewithdisabilities,yoncanjoinA.HabitatforHumanityB.MealsonWheelsC.KeyClubD.BestBuddies25.TeenswithadrivinglicensecanvolunteertoA.sendmealstotheelderlyB.makenutritionalmealsC.drivetheseniorsaroundD.teachtheseniorstodrive26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chapter"meaninthepassage?A.'Apartofabook.B.Abranchofaclub.C.Aperiodoflife.D.Anofficeoncampus.27.Theauthorwritesthispassageto_____.A.getmorepeopletovolunteerB.teachteenstohemorecreativeC.promoteawarenessofworldaffairsD.instructteenstoearnvolunteerhours【答案】24.D25.A26.B27.A【解析】本文為說明文。作者通過介紹GenZ組織和它提供的幾個(gè)志愿者活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，號(hào)召更多的年輕人去做志愿者。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)BestBuddies部分“VolunteerwithBestBuddiestohelpendthesocial,physical,andeconomicisolationof200millionpeoplewithintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilitiesandyou'llmakesomenewpalsintheprocess!(和“BestBuddies”一起做志愿者，幫助2億有智力和發(fā)育障礙的人結(jié)束社會(huì)、身體和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的孤立——在這個(gè)過程中你會(huì)結(jié)交一些新朋友)”可知，BestBuddies作為志愿者組織，他們幫助殘疾人，所以如果你想幫助殘疾人，你可以加入BestBuddies，故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MealsonWheels部分“Forthoseteenswhojustgottheirlicensesandloveanyreasontogetbehindthewheel,here'savolunteeropportunitythat'llmakedrivingworthwhile.MealsonWheelsisonamissiontomeetthenutritionalandsocialneedsofseniors.225millionmealshavebeendeliveredsofarconnectwithyourlocalprovidertofindouthowyoucangetinvolved.(對(duì)于那些剛剛拿到駕照，喜歡任何理由開車的青少年來說，這里有一個(gè)志愿者的機(jī)會(huì)，讓開車變得值得。“MealsonWheels”的使命是滿足老年人的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和社會(huì)需求。到目前為止，已經(jīng)運(yùn)送了2.25億餐——聯(lián)系你當(dāng)?shù)氐墓?yīng)商，看看你能如何參與進(jìn)來。)”可知，有駕照的青少年可以加入志愿者M(jìn)ealsonWheels給老人送飯，故選A。【26題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“…theKeyClubhasquiteahistoryofhelpingteensgetinvolvedinvolunteering.Becauseclubsarestudentled,yougetadirectsayinthekindsofserviceprojectsyouwanttodo.(KeyClub在幫助青少年參與志愿活動(dòng)方面有相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的歷史。因?yàn)樗鼈兪菍W(xué)生領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，你對(duì)你想要做的服務(wù)計(jì)劃有直接的發(fā)言權(quán)。)”可知，KeyClub是由學(xué)生創(chuàng)立，并且有直接的發(fā)言權(quán)，劃線詞之后的句子“…butifnot,youcantrytakingtheleadinone(但如果沒有，你可以試著帶頭成立一個(gè))”可知，如果學(xué)校沒有KeyClub，那你可以創(chuàng)立一個(gè)，所以“chapter"在句中意為“KeyClub的分支”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意，故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，作者介紹了GenZ組織和它的志愿者活動(dòng)，根據(jù)最后一句“Evenifyoucan'tvolunteerphysically,therearealsotonsofonlinevolunteerOpportunitiesavailable!FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaworthwhilevolunteerorganizationsatGenZ.org(即使你不能親自做志愿者，網(wǎng)上也有大量的志愿者機(jī)會(huì)。想了解更多關(guān)于加入一個(gè)有價(jià)值的志愿者組織的信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)L問GenZ.org)”可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了號(hào)召更多的人去做志愿者，故選A。CWearefortunatetoliveinacitythatencouragesbicyclingasameansoftransportation.Ourlocalgovernmenthaspromotedbicyclingbyimprovingbikelanesandincreasingthenumberofthem.Thegrowingnumberofcyclists,however,bringsthisquestiontomind:shouldbicyclistsberequiredtosharetheresponsibilitiesoftheroad?Automobiledrivershavetotakepetencytests,followestablishedregulations,andacceptpunishmentforbreakingrules.Thecityrequestsdriverstoregisterandlicensetheirvehiclestoensureaccountability(責(zé)任）.Bicyclistswhousepublicroadwaysshouldbeheldaccountable,too.Let'slookatwhatsharingtheroadmeans.Foronething,itshouldinvolvecostsharing.Autoregistrationandlicensefeesareused,inpart,forbuildingandmaintainingroadways.Itseemsonlyreasonabletoaskbicycliststocontributetotransportationfundingaswell.Moreimportantly,sharingtheroadincludesaccountability.Whendriversignoretherulesoftheroad,thepoliceandothermotoristshavetheopportunitytoidentifythembytheirlicenseplatenumberandreporttheiroffenses(違法行為）。Thisisn'ttrueforbicyclists.I'veseenbicyclistsmovingquicklybetweenlanes.Becausetheyshownoidentification,theyfeelprotectedbyanonymity(匿名）。Whatgoodwoulditdotoreporttothepolice“Isawaguyonaredbikeblowthroughthestoplight"?Thesimpleactofmakingbicyclistsidentifiablewouldencouragesafer,moreresponsibleriding.Ofcourse,I'veheardargumentsagainstaskingcycliststoregisterandlicensetheirbikes.Somepeoplemightsay,“Littlekidsridebikes.Wouldyourequireasixyearoldridertotakeatestandpayafee?"Obviously,thecitycoulddetermineanagewhencyclingwouldbeconsidereda"meansoftransportationonpublicroads."Otherpeoplearguethatbicyclefeesareunfairbecausebikesdon'tdamagetheroadwaysascarsdo.Bicycleregistrationfeescouldbeparativelymodest,andthemethodfordisplayingalicensenumbercouldbesimple.ManyU.S.citiesandtownsnowimplementbikeregistrationandlicensing.Astatute(法規(guī)）fromone.Californiatownstatesthatthelawsregulatingbicycleshaveadualpurpose,antitheftandsafety.I'meagertoseemorebicyclistsontheroad,andI'mhopingforriderswhotaketheirresponsibilitiesseriously.28.Toadvocateresponsiblecycling,theauthorsuggestsA.increasingthenumberofbikelanesB.givingpetencyteststoallcyclistsC.identifyingcycliststhroughregistrationD.reportingcyclingoffensesmorefrequently29.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingParagraph4?A.Toexplainhowbicycleregistrationandlicensingwork.B.Toprovidesolutionstoreduceirresponsiblecyclingofkids.C.Torespondtopeople'sdoubtsaboutholdingcyclistsaccountable.D.Toargueagainstrequiringcycliststoregisterandlicensetheirbicycles.30.Whatargumentativemethodsareusedinthisarticle?①Usingexamples②Quotingprofessionals③paringandcontrasting④Appealingtoreaders'emotionsA.①②B.②④C.③④D.①③31.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Shouldweencouragemorecyclinginthecity?B.Shouldcyclistsregisterandlicensetheirbikes?C.Whatdoes"sharingtheroad"meantocyclists?D.Howcanroadsafetybeguaranteedforcyclists?【答案】28.C29.C30.D31.B【解析】這是一篇議論文。本文主要講述騎自行車的人是否應(yīng)該注冊(cè)并給他們的自行車頒發(fā)牌照?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句話“Thecityrequestsdriverstoregisterandlicensetheirvehiclestoensureaccountability(責(zé)任）.Bicyclistswhousepublicroadwaysshouldbeheldaccountable,too.”可知，市政府要求司機(jī)登記并給他們的車輛上牌，以確保責(zé)任追究。騎自行車的人使用公共道路也應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。由此可知，作者建議通過登記識(shí)別騎車人。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Somepeoplemightsay,“Littlekidsridebikes.Wouldyourequireasixyearoldridertotakeatestandpayafee?"Obviously,thecitycoulddetermineanagewhencyclingwouldbeconsidereda"meansoftransportationonpublicroads."Otherpeoplearguethatbicyclefeesareunfairbecausebikesdon'tdamagetheroadwaysascarsdo.Bicycleregistrationfeescouldbeparativelymodest,andthemethodfordisplayingalicensenumbercouldbesimple.”（。有些人可能會(huì)說，“小孩子騎自行車。你會(huì)要求一個(gè)6歲的騎手參加考試并支付費(fèi)用嗎？”很明顯，這個(gè)城市可以確定一個(gè)年齡，自行車將被視為“公共道路上的交通工具”。其他人認(rèn)為自行車收費(fèi)不公平，因?yàn)樽孕熊嚥粫?huì)像汽車那樣損壞道路。自行車登記費(fèi)可以相對(duì)較低，顯示牌照號(hào)碼的方法也可以很簡(jiǎn)單。）可知，作者描述第四段的目的是回應(yīng)人們對(duì)騎自行車者問責(zé)的質(zhì)疑。故選C。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。閱讀第一段““Thecityrequestsdriverstoregisterandlicensetheirvehiclestoensureaccountability(責(zé)任）.Bicyclistswhousepublicroadwaysshouldbeheldaccountable,too.（市政府要求司機(jī)登記并給他們的車輛上牌，以確保責(zé)任追究。騎自行車的人使用公共道路也應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。）”可知，此處作者通過將汽車和自行車進(jìn)行對(duì)比來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)；根據(jù)最后一段“ManyU.S.citiesandtownsnowimplementbikeregistrationandlicensing.（許多美國(guó)城市和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)現(xiàn)在實(shí)施自行車登記和發(fā)放牌照。）可知，作者也通過具體的例子來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。由此可知，作者在本文通過舉例子和作比較的方式來支持自己的論點(diǎn)。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。閱讀文章內(nèi)容，并根據(jù)第一段“Thegrowingnumberofcyclists,however,bringsthisquestiontomind:shouldbicyclistsberequiredtosharetheresponsibilitiesoftheroad?”可知，越來越多的騎自行車的人提出了這樣一個(gè)問題:騎自行車的人應(yīng)該分擔(dān)道路責(zé)任嗎?由此可知，本文主要講述騎自行車的人是否應(yīng)該注冊(cè)并給他們的自行車頒發(fā)牌照。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“騎自行車的人應(yīng)該注冊(cè)并給他們的自行車頒發(fā)牌照嗎”。故選B。DAlzheimer'sAIAnestimated5.7millionpeopleintheU.S.haveAlzheimer'sdiseasethemostmontypeofdementia(癡呆）－andthatnumberisexpectedtomorethandoubleby2050.Earlydiagnosisiscrucialforpatientstobenefitfromthefewtherapiesavailable.Butnoscanscandeliveraconclusivediagnosiswhileapersonisalive;insteaddoctorshavetoconductnumerousandplicatedclinicalandneuropsychologicaltests.SothereisgrowinginterestindevelopingartificialintelligencetoidentifyAlzheimer'sbasedonbrainimaging.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,havenowsuccessfullytrainedanAIalgorithm(算法）torecognizeoneoftheearlysignsofAlzheimer'sareductioninthebrain'sglucose（葡萄糖）consumptioninpositronemissiontomography(PET)imaging.ThealgorithmaccuratelypredictedaneventualAlzheimer'sdiagnosisinnearlyallthetestcases,accordingtothestudy.InPETimaging,averysmallamountofaradioactivepoundareinjectedintothebody,producingthreedimensionalimagesofmetabolism(新陳代謝）,circulationandothercellularactivities.PETiswellsuitedforanAIdiagnostictoolbecauseAlzheimer'sleadstosubtlechangesinthebrain'smetabolismthatbeginyearsbeforeneural(神經(jīng)的）tissuestartstogodownhill,saysstudycoauthorJaeHoSohn,aradiologistatUCSF.Thesechangesare"veryhardforradiologiststopickup,"henotes.Thealgorithmwastrainedandtestedon2,100PETbrainimagesfromabout1,000people55yearsandolder.Theimagescamefroma12yearstudythattrackedpeoplewhowouldultimatelybediagnosedwithAlzheimer's,aswellasthosewithmildmemorydeclinesandhealthycontrolparticipants.Thealgorithmwastrainedon90percentofthedataandtestedontheremaining10percent.Itwasthenretestedonasecond,independentdatasetfrom40patientsmonitoredfor10years.Thealgorithmwashighlysensitiveandwasabletorecognize81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecondwhowouldbediagnosedwithAlzheimer'ssixyearslater,onaverage.ThefindingswerepublishedinFebruaryinRadiology.Thealgorithmisbasedon"deeplearning,amachinelearningtechniquethatusesartificialneuralnetworksprogrammedtolearnfromexamples."Thisisoneofthefirstpromising,preliminary(初步的）applicationsofdeeplearningtothediagnosisofAlzheimer's,"saysChristianSalvatore,aphysicistatItaly'sNationalResearchCouncil,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Themodelperformsverywellwhenidentifyingpatientswithmildorlatediagnoses",hesays,“butcatchingitintheearlieststagesremainsoneofthemostcriticalopenissuesinthisfield."32.PeopleareincreasinglyinterestedinusingAItoidentifyAlzheimer'sbecause______A.thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromdementiaismorethandoublingB.diagnosticmethodsthatarebothreliableandconvenientareinneedC.thereareonlyalimitednumberofeffectivetherapiesforthepatientsD.diagnosingAlzheimer'sdiseasethroughAIisstillanunexploredarea33.WhatcanwelearnaboutPETimaging?A.Itrecognizestheworseningoftheneuraltissue.B.Itreducestheglucoseconsumptioninthebrain.C.Itchangesthepatternofthebrain'smetabolism.D.Itphotographsvariouskindsofcellularactivities.34.AccordingtoParagraph4,_________.A.90%ofthepeopleinthestudyweretrainedonthealgorithmB.theparticipantsinthestudyconsistofpeoplebothyoungandoldC.81%ofthepeopleinthefirsttestgroupwerediagnosedwithAlzheimer'sD.thealgorithmmanagedtorecognizeallthepatientsinthesecondtestgroup35.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph5?A.ThealgorithmservesasapromisingtreatmentofAlzheimer's.B.DeeplearninghasbeenwidelyappliedindiagnosingAlzheimer's.C.TodetectAlzheimer'sinitsearlieststagescallsformoreexploration.D.WhethertousethemodeltodetectAlzheimer'sremainsacriticalissue.【答案】32.B33.D34.D35.C【解析】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了利用人工智能診斷老年癡呆癥，能夠較早確診?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Earlydiagnosisiscrucialforpatientstobenefitfromthefewtherapiesavailable.Butnoscanscandeliveraconclusivediagnosiswhileapersonisalive;insteaddoctorshavetoconductnumerousandplicatedclinicalandneuropsychologicaltests.SothereisgrowinginterestindevelopingartificialintelligencetoidentifyAlzheimer'sbasedonbrainimaging.(早期診斷對(duì)于患者是至關(guān)重要的，為了從可用的少數(shù)療法中受益。但是，在一個(gè)人還活著的時(shí)候，沒有任何掃描可以提供決定性的診斷；相反，醫(yī)生必須進(jìn)行大量復(fù)雜的臨床和神經(jīng)心理學(xué)測(cè)試。因此，人們?cè)絹碓接信d趣開發(fā)人工智能來識(shí)別基于大腦成像的阿爾茨海默病。)”可推斷，人們?cè)絹碓接信d趣使用人工智能來識(shí)別阿爾茨海默病是因?yàn)樾枰纯煽坑址奖愕脑\斷方法，故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“InPETimaging,averysmallamountofaradioactivepoundareinjectedintothebody,producingthreedimensionalimagesofmetabolism(新陳代謝）,circulationandothercellularactivities.(在PET成像中，很少的放射性化合物被注入體內(nèi),產(chǎn)生新陳代謝的、循環(huán)的和其他細(xì)胞活動(dòng)的三維圖像)”可知，PET影像拍攝各種細(xì)胞活動(dòng)。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Thealgorithmwashighlysensitiveandwasabletorecognize81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecondwhowouldbediagnosedwithAlzheimer'ssixyearslater,onaverage.(該算法高度敏感，平均來說，成功識(shí)別了第一試驗(yàn)組81%的患者,六年后，識(shí)別了第二實(shí)驗(yàn)組100%的患者)”可知，該算法成功地識(shí)別了第二試驗(yàn)組的所有患者。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“butcatchingitintheearlieststagesremainsoneofthemostcriticalopenissuesinthisfield.(在早期階段識(shí)別它仍然是這一領(lǐng)域最關(guān)鍵的未決定的問題之一。)”可知，要在最早的階段發(fā)現(xiàn)阿爾茨海默病，需要更多的探索。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。IsManagingKids'ScreenTimeaGoodIdea?Screentimeisabigtopicofconversationintoday'shouseholds,particularlyduringthepandemicwhenonlineeducationhourshavemultipliedformanystudents.___36___Theyhopetosparetheirkidsfromthecountlesschallengesthattechnologycanbring.Yetthechallengesofscreentimeoveruseseldomefromkids'devicesthemselves,butratherfromthetenserelationshipsthattechnologycanbringtofamilies.___37___Buttechnologyhaspositivebenefitstoo.Sinceeverychildandfamilyisdifferent,managingscreentimecallsforjointfamilydecisionmaking.Ifparentsbelievetheycanmanageachild'sscreentimethroughadolescence,theyarenotonlyfoolingthemselvesbutalsoinvitingrelationshiptroublewiththeirteens.Itisamythtothinkthatparentscanorshouldmanagetheirkids'screen