高職英語第一冊-unit-3

QingDaoQiushiCollege

Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglish－－高職公共英語教程1高職公共英語教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishUnit3TextTheFirstChineseTextexerciseFastReadingTheGreatWallofChinaFastreadingexerciseGrammarTensesofthePastGrammarexerciseWord-BuildingUnit3TheFirstChineseChinaistheoldestlivingcivilizationintheworld.ItdidnotstartasearlyasAncientEgyptorothercivilizationsbutallthesecametoanend.Chinahascontinuedtothepresentday.PeopleinChinawerelivingcivilizedlivesandmakingbeautifulthingswhentheGreekswerestillsavages.CountriesaroundChina,VietnamandKorea,forexample,learnedagreatdealfromChinaaboutcivilizedlife-howtoliveincommunities,forexample,andhowtowrite.高職公共英語教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinesebacknextHOME

2.NooneissurewherethefirstpeopleinChinacamefrom.WedoknowthatthebonesofsomeofthefirstpeopletoexisthavebeenunearthenednearBeijing,thecapitalofChina,neartheYellowRiverValley.Therearemanylegendsabouthowtheworldcameintobeingandwhothefirstkingswere.Onelegendtellsoftheappearanceintheskyoftensuns,whichscorchedtheearth.Thegreatarcher,HouYi,shotthemalldownbutone

withhisbowandarrows.OtherstoriestellofhowShenNonginventedfarming,andofhowHuangDi,theYellowEmperor,inventedtheskillsofpottery,ofraisingsilkwormsandofweavingcloth.高職公共英語教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinesepreviewnextbackHOME3.Thenthestoriestellhow,whenShunwasking,therewasaterribleflood.Shunpromisedallhiskingdomtoanyonewhocouldharnesstherivers.TheheroYu,agreedtodothis,andheworkedwithoutstoppingforthirteenyears.Hebuiltdamsandchangedthedirectionofrivers.Theretimeshepassedthedoorofhishouse.Everytimehepassedby,heheardhischildrencryingforhim,buthewouldnotgohomeuntilhehadfinishedallhiswork.Thisgreathero,whosavedtheworldfromflood,becameemperorofChina.HewasthefirstoftheXiadynasty,orfamilyofkings.HeruledthefirstChinesestatesomewhereintheYellowRivervalley.Thismayhavebeenabout2200B.C.高職公共英語教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinesepreviewnextbackHOME4.TheChinese,likeallthepeopleinEurope,thoughtthattheworldwasflat.Theythoughtitwasgiganticandsquare,andrestedonfourgreatcolumns,surroundedbysea.TheybelievedthatChinalayatthecenteroftheearth,andsotheycalledtheircountrytheMiddleKingdom.Formanycenturiestheyweresurroundedbyuncivilizedtribesandtheyknewnothingabouttherestoftheworld.Theybelievedthattheyweretheonlycivilizedpeopleintheworldandthattheyhadnothingtolearnfromanyothercountry.Insomeways,theywereright!高職公共英語教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinesepreviewnextbackHOME5.Whenthefamoustraveler,MacroPolo,traveledfromVenicetoBeijinginthe13thcentury,hewasverysurprisedbywhathefoundinChina.Therewerenotonlygreatcities.ThereweremanythingswhichwereunknowninEurope.Forexample,theChinesehadalreadyinventedgunpowderandthecompassandtheyknewhowtoprintbooks.TheChinesehavemadegreatcontributionstothecivilizationofmankind高職公共英語教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinesepreviewbackHOMEChinaistheoldestlivingcivilizationintheworld.

中國是世界上最悠久的文明國家。living:existing;alivenow活著的e.g.Heisbelievedtobeoneofthebestlivingpainters.他被認(rèn)為是在世的最好的畫家之一。THOMEPeopleinChinawerelivingcivilizedlives…中國人已經(jīng)過上了文明生活…英語中，動(dòng)賓詞組中，賓語全部或局部地重復(fù)動(dòng)詞意思，這個(gè)賓語被稱作是同根賓語。singasongdreamadreamfightagoodfightdieamiserabledeathe.g.一些動(dòng)詞，通常是不及物動(dòng)詞可以加同根賓語，并且該賓語常有定語來修飾。Oldasheis,helivesthelifeofayoungman.Shetoldmeshehaddreamedasweatdream.Ihaveneverspokenawordtohim,buteverytimeheseesmehesmilesastrangesmile.e.g.HOMECometoanend:告終，結(jié)束，完結(jié)Atlonglast,thewarcametoanend.e.g.T終于戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束了。HOMENooneissure...—ausefulexpression沒人能確定Nooneissurewhattodonext.Nooneissurewhenhisseeminglyendlessspeechwillcometoanend.e.g.TT沒有人能確定下一步做什么。沒人知道他滔滔不絕的演講什么時(shí)候結(jié)束。HOMEWedoknowthatthebonesofsomeofthefirstpeopletoexisthavebeenunearthednearBeijing,thecapitalofChina,neartheYellowRivervalley.IncolloquialEnglish,“do”isusedtostrengthenastatement.Idohopeyou’llstayhereforanothertwoorthreedays.HedoesspeakEnglishwell!unearth:1)tofindoutthetruthaboutsomething揭露；發(fā)現(xiàn)2〕tofindsomethingaftersearchingforit,especiallysomethingthathasbeenburiedintheground開掘，掘出〔尤指埋藏于地下的東西〕thecapitalofChina在句子中作插入語，進(jìn)一步說明解釋一下前面出現(xiàn)的Beijing。Thereporterhadunearthedsomeimportantsecretsabouther.記者已發(fā)現(xiàn)了有關(guān)她的一些重要秘密。博物館展出了許多出土文物。Manyunearthedculturalrelicswereexhibitedatthemuseum.e.g.e.g.TTHOMEOnelegendtellsoftheappearanceintheskyoftensuns,whichscorchedtheearth.其中一個(gè)講的是天上曾出現(xiàn)過10個(gè)太陽，烤焦了大地，tellof:

描述scorch:makeveryhotanddry使燒焦,變焦.Iscorchedmynewshirtwiththeiron.Hishandstellofheavylabor.他的雙手顯示他干的是粗活。這些墻被大火燒黑了。e.g.TTHOMEThewallshadbeenblackenedandscorchedbythefire.allbut:除…之外，所有的Shehasreadallthebooksbutonlyoneonthebookshelf.e.g.T除了書架上的那本書以外，他讀遍了其它所有的書。HOMEShunpromisedallhiskingdomtoanyonewhocouldharnesstherivers.promise:totellsomeonethatyouwilldefinitelydosomethingorthatsomethingwillhappen保證，容許promisesthtosb:promisetodosthpromisesbsth=promisetogivesomeonesomething容許給某人某物Ican’tgiveyouthebook—I’vepromisedittoTom.我不能把這本書給你—我已經(jīng)容許給湯姆了。Ipromisetoreturnyourbicycleongoodcondition.我容許一定完好無損地還你的自行車。Thecompanypromisedusabonusthisyear.公司容許今年給我們發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金。又如：e.g.e.g.e.g.TTTHOMEharness:tocontrolandusethenaturalforceorpowerofsomething治理利用〔自然力等〕：Wecanharnessthepowerofthewindtomakeelectricity.Harnessariver/awaterfall/thesun’sraysasasourceofenergy我們可以利用風(fēng)力發(fā)電.利用河水/瀑布/太陽光作為一種能源e.g.

TTHOMEEverytimehepassedby,heheardhischildren…Everytime可以用作附屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，還有eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,bythetime,themoment,theminute,theinstant,theday,themonth,theyear等等。HOMEsavefrom:從…救出Thesoliderwhosavedtheboyfromdrowningwaspraisedbyhisofficer.e.g.T那個(gè)救了溺水兒童的士兵受到了他上司的表揚(yáng)。HOMEreston:

rest(sth)on/againststh擱在…上，支持在…上Hisheadrestedonmyshoulder.Sherestedherelbowson/againstthetable.他的頭依在我的肩膀上。她把肘部靠在了桌子上。e.g.TTHOMEinsomeways:

在某種程度上，在某些方面Manypeopledisagreedwithhim,butinfacthewasrightinsomeways.e.g.T很多人都不認(rèn)同他，但實(shí)際上在某些方面他其實(shí)是正確的。HOMEMakecontributionto:對(duì)…作出奉獻(xiàn)ThelatepremiermadegreatcontributionstonewChina.前任總理對(duì)新中國作出了巨大的奉獻(xiàn)。e.g.THOMEReadingComprehensionI.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Accordingtothepassage_________.A.theChinesecivilizationexistedbeforethatofAncientEgyptC.somecivilizationscameintobeingearlierthantheChinesecivilizationD.thecivilizationofChinaistheoldestcivilizationintheworldKEYB.thecivilizationofAncientEgyptcameintobeingearlierthantheChinesecivilizationHOME2.FromwheredidthefirstChinesepeoplecome?A.CountriesaroundChina.B.SomewherenearBeijing.C.TheYellowRivervalley.D.Nooneknowsforsure.KEYHOMEKEY3.YubecameemperorofChinabecause_______.A.ShunlikedhimB.hedidnotgohomeforthirteenyearsC.hesavedtheworldfromfloodD.hewasthefirstherointheXiadynastyHOMEKEY4.Accordingtolegends,farmingwasinventedby______.A.ShenNongB.YuC.theYellowEmperorD.ShunHOMEKEY5.TheChinesecalledtheircountrythe“MiddleKingdom”because______.A.theybelievedthattheyweretheonlycivilizedpeopleintheworldB.theyweresurroundedbyuncivilizedtribesC.theythoughtthatthecountryrestedonfourgreatcolumnsD.theybelievedthatChinawasatthecenteroftheworldHOMEKEY6.Theauthormentionsallthefollowingexceptthat______.A.ChinaisoneoftheoldestcivilizationsintheworldB.MarcoPolowassurprisedbytheinventionsofChineseC.VietnamandKoreaareamongthemostcivilizedcountriesD.Atthattime,ChinawasmorecivilizedthanEuropeHOME

a.awallbuilttokeepbackwater

b.thelandthroughwhichariverflows

c.amemberofanuncivilizedtribe

d.besupported(onor

againstsomething

e.comingintobeing

f.groupofpersonshavingthesamereligion,race,etc.

g.anoldstoryhandeddownforgenerations1.Community2.appearance3.dynasty4pass5.rest6.valley7.damI.FindthedefinitioninColumnBwhichmatchesthewordinColumnA.ABfejidbaHOMEVocabulary8.legend9.tribe10.savageghch.racialgrouplivingasacommunityunderoneormorechiefsi.amagneticneedlewhichalwayspointstothenorthj.theperiodduringwhichacertainfamilyrulesII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.Suchthingsshouldnotbeallowedtohappeninasociety.Everyoneshouldinvestsometimeinservice.Thecityisonallsidesbyhills.Don’tjudgeonebyhis.Themurderer’sidentityremains.Yourroomiscomparedtomine.Thatjoblastmonth.Hehisfrienddrowning.civilizedcommunitysurroundedappearanceunknowngiganticcametoanendsavedfromHOME________________________________________________________________________________9.,I’dratherhewasn’tinvolvedatall.10.Thewomenearntheirlivingby._____________Insomeways_______weavingStructureI.Rewritethefollowingsentencesafterthemodelbyusingnot…..until.1.Thebusesleaveonlywhenalltheseatsaretaken.2.IshallgotobedassoonasIhavefinishedmywork.Model:Hewouldgohomeonlywhenhehadfinishedallhiswork.→Hewouldnotgohomeuntilhehadfinishedallhiswork.Thebusesdoesn’tleaveuntilalltheseatsaretaken.IshallnotgotobeduntilIhavefinishedmywork.HOME________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.HearrivedonWednesdaymorning.4.OnlyyesterdaydidIlearnthenews.5.Wewillleaveonlywhentheotherguestshavegone.Hedidn’tarriveuntilonWednesdaymorning.Ididn’tlearnthenewsuntilyesterday.Wewillnotleaveuntiltheotherguestshavegone.HOME_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.Therearemanylegendsabouthowtheworldcameintobeingandwhothefirstkingswere.II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese2.Shunpromisedallhiskingdomtoanyonewhocouldharnesstherivers.3.Wecancometotheconclusionthatweshouldneverworryabouttomorrow.Whatwehavetodoisjusttoenjoylifetoday.關(guān)于世界是如何形成的以及最早的國王是誰，有很多傳說。舜許諾說，任何一個(gè)能夠治理好河流的人，將成為國王。我們可以得出結(jié)論，即永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)為明天擔(dān)憂。我們要做的是享受今天的生活。4.Formanycenturiestheyweresurroundedbyuncivilizedtribesandtheyknewnothingabouttherestoftheworld.5.Itisonlywhenpeopletrytoliveonaveryrestricteddietthatitisnecessarytomakespecialprovisiontosupplythemissingvitamins.很多世紀(jì)以來，他們四周都是野蠻部落，他們對(duì)世界上的其它地方一無所知。只有當(dāng)人們試圖限制飲食減肥時(shí)，才有必要注意補(bǔ)充體內(nèi)流失的各種維生素。Thebooktellsofhowthestudentsshouldovercomethedifficultiesintheirstudies.EverybodyisherebutJohn.3.這本書談到了學(xué)生們應(yīng)如何克服學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的困難。4.除了約翰之外，所有同學(xué)都到了。HOME5.直到午夜，雨才停止。Theraindidn’tstopuntilmidnight.III.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.沒有人能肯定他們的那場斗爭是什么時(shí)候結(jié)束。Nooneissurewhentheirfightcametoanend.2.你知道是誰把這孩子從火里救出來的嗎？Doyouknowwhosavedthechildfromthefire?ReadingComprehension

Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothefastreading.TheemperorShiHuangdi______.A.wasthefirsttobuildawallB.madethewallrunacrossfromTibettotheseaC.connectedthewallshehadbuiltearlierD.builtawallallalonghisempireKEYHOMEFastReadingKEY2.TheGreatWallprotectedtheYellowRiverplainsinthe_______.A.NorthB.NorthandwestC.SouthD.SouthandeastHOMEKEY3.Towerswerebuiltatintervalsalongthewallwheresoldierscould______.A.watchprisonersofwarB.keepthemselveswarmC.providesheltersforthebuildersD.keepguardagainstattacksHOMEKEY4.Thegatewaysweremadefor______.A.luringtheenemyindeepB.attractingvisitorsC.camelsandcartsD.carsandlorriesHOMEKEY5.Theworkersmovedhugeblocksofstonesuptothesitewith_______.A.cranesonlyB.bulldozersorcranesC.ropesD.alltheaboveHOMEKEY6.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTrue?A.TheGreatWallshowsthattheFirstEmperorwasfierceandwarlike.B.TheworkershatedtheEmperor,sothatwentslowasaformofstruggle.C.Agooddealofthewallcanstillbeseentodayowingtoconsistentworkbythepeoplethroughthecenturies.D.Theworkerswereeitherprisonersofwarorpeoplefrommountainousareas.HOME名詞的數(shù)與格NumbersandCasesofNouns表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱的詞，叫做名詞。名詞分為普通名詞(CommonNouns〕和專有名詞〔ProperNouns〕，普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。專有名詞是某個(gè)〔些〕人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：1.個(gè)體名詞〔IndividualNouns〕：表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：gun。2.集體名詞〔CollectiveNouns〕：表示假設(shè)干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：family。3.物質(zhì)名詞〔MaterialNouns〕：表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如：air。4.抽象名詞〔AbstractNouns〕：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work。一、普通名詞普通名詞指一類人或事物的名稱。英語中普通名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞一般有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，如a/onechild，tenchildren。而不可數(shù)名詞一般只有一種形式，如cash〔現(xiàn)金〕。一〕可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞多為可數(shù)名詞1.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)那么變化一般由詞尾加-s構(gòu)成，如果詞尾是s,sh,ch,x,ss等時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)為-es。如：books，classes2.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的不規(guī)那么構(gòu)成法1〕以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)：如：twoMarys，theHenrys，monkey---monkeys，holiday---holidays2〕以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a.加s，如：photo---photos，piano---pianos，radio---radios，zoo---zoos；b.加es，如：potato—potatoes，tomato--tomatoesc.均可，如：zero---zeros/zeroes3〕以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：a.加s，如：belief---beliefs，roof---roofs，safe---safes，gulf---gulfsb.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halves，knife---knives，leaf---leaves，wolf---wolves，wife---wivesc.均可,如：handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves3.復(fù)合名詞的數(shù)1〕把復(fù)合詞的中心詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。如：apasser-by—passers-by；ason-in-law—sons-in-law.2〕如沒有中心詞，那么在最后加-s。如：ago-between—go-betweens；agrown-up—grown-ups.3〕前后名詞都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如:aman-servant—men-servants；awoman-doctor—women-doctors.注意：boy和girl修飾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，只變后面的名詞。如：aboy-student—boystudents；agirl-student—girlstudents.二〕不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞多為不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞的主要用法特征：1.由much，little等詞修飾。Theyhavesavedmuchmoneyforfutureuse．2.與表示單位的量詞如apieceof等連用。如:apieceofpaper一張紙a1oafofbread一條面包apieceofadvice一個(gè)忠告二、專有名詞專有名詞指特定的某人、地方或機(jī)構(gòu)、時(shí)間等的名稱，即：人名、地名、國家名、單位名、組織名等等。專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫。如：MikeRussiaNewYorkShandongUniversityMondayApril三、名詞所有格名詞所有格是指一個(gè)名詞與另一個(gè)名詞之間存在所有關(guān)系時(shí)所用的形式。其構(gòu)成有兩種：一種是由名詞末尾加’s構(gòu)成；另一種由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多用來表示有生命的東西；后者多用來表示無生命的東西。如：Children’sPalace少年宮thetitleofthebook書名一〕“’s”所有格“’s”所有格常表示有生命的東西，但表示天體、國家、地區(qū)、機(jī)構(gòu)、時(shí)間、距離、度量與貨幣價(jià)值等無生命的名詞的所有格也用’s。如：themoon’ssurface，China’sagriculture，thecity’sdevelopment，thegovernment’splan，today’snewspaper，tenkilometers’distance，aton’sweight，200dollars’worthofgoods單數(shù)名詞后加“’s”，其讀音與名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)尾的讀音相同。1.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“’”。如：twohours’walk兩個(gè)小時(shí)的步行2.以s結(jié)尾的名詞或人名，可以加’s，也可加“’”號(hào)。如：Thomas’sbrother托馬斯的兄弟3.不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“’s”。如：thechildren’sholiday孩子們的節(jié)日4.表示各自的所有關(guān)系，不是共有的，要分別在各個(gè)名詞末尾加“’s”。如：John’sandMary’srooms假設(shè)表示共有的，那么在最后一個(gè)名詞的末尾加“’s”。如：JohnandMary’sroom5.在復(fù)合名詞或短語中，’s加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。如：hissister-in-law’sbike

6.eachother,oneanother,anhourorso或不定代詞后接else等，’s加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。如：anhourorso’time，somebodyelse’sbag注意1：以下情況可以將’s所有格中的名詞省略。名詞所有格所修飾的詞,如果前面已經(jīng)提到，往往可以省略，以免重復(fù)。

Thedictionaryisn’tmine,butJenny’s.2)在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常省略它所修飾的名詞。thedoctor’s〔office〕醫(yī)生的診所myuncle’s〔house〕我叔叔的家注意2：起修飾作用的名詞，如不表示所有關(guān)系，通常不用’s。如：roomnumber，toothbrush等二〕of所有格

of所有格多用于無生命的東西，但也有例外。如果名詞本身帶有后置修飾語或含有“the+形容詞表示一類人，其所有格用of短語。如：theskillsoftheworkerswhohavebeenwelltrained，thehousingproblemofthepoor三〕雙重所有格

雙重所有格即“名詞+of+名詞’s所有格”，表示整體中的一個(gè)或局部。雙重所有格也可由“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成,如：abookofmyfather’s，afriendofmineGrammarChoosethebestanswers.1.Jimandhiswifehavenotbeentalkingformonthsandtheirpoordaughterhastoactasa_____.A.go-betweenB.gobetweenC.go-betweensD.goes-between2.Weallknowthat_____speaklouderthanwords.A.movementB.performances C.operation D.actions3.Some_____cametoourfactoryforavisitlastSunday.A.German B.Germen C.Germany D.Germans4.______camethatsometeacherswouldattendourclass.A.Word B.AwordC.WordsD.TheWord5.Therearemany_____inthehospital.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorD.doctorwomenDA52BDA6.Givemy_____toyourparents.A.bestwishB.regardsC.loves D.hello7.Didyouaskfor_____leave?A.twodays’B.twodays C.two-days D.two-day’s8.-----DoyouknowwhereMr.Smithis?----Yes,heisin________.A.Roomfive B.thefiveroomC.FiveRoomD.RoomFive9.That’s_____bedroom.Thetwinslikeitverymuch.A.MaryandAnn B.MaryandAnn’s C.Mary’sandAnD.Mary’sandAnn’s10.Iwenttomy______onSundayandhadagoodtimethere.A.