物流專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)（第5版） 電子課件 Ch5

IntermodalTransport

andOBORChapter5ChapterOutlineIntermodalFreightTransportMultimodalTransportBimodalTransportCombinedTransportRollingMotorwaySystemsPiggybackTransportDoublestackTrainCars

PartIIntermodalTransportationPartII

InternationalIntermodalTransportDevelopmentInChinaRail-OceanIntermodalTransportationinChinaRoad-OceanIntermodalTransportationinChinaLandbridgetransportasanewinitiativeinChinaImprovementstothetransportinfrastructurePiggybackandmultimodaltransportationinChineselogisticssystemPartIIITheBeltandRoadStrategy

TheBeltandRoadInitiativeofChinaTheTrans-AsianRailwayandEurasianLandbridgeTheSilkRoadandArabSeaRoutesinHistoryPartI

IntermodalTransportationIntermodalFreightTransportConceptofintermodalfreighttransport

Intermodalfreighttransportistheconceptofutilizingtwoormore“suitable”modes,incombination,toformanintegratedtransportchain，aimingatoperationallyefficientandcost-effectivedeliveryofgoodsfromtheirpointoforigintotheirfinaldestination.Varioustransportmodes

Somefreightmovementsmayuseanumberofdifferenttransportmodes,suchasroad,railorinlandwaterwayoreithershort-seaordeep-seashipping,thusmakingthemmultimodaloperations.Inmostcases,efficientmovementsareoftenachievedbytheuseofjusttwomodes:mostcommonlyroadhaulagecollectionandarailfreighttrunk-hauljourney,whichisknownasa“combinedroad-rail”operation.Combinedtransportoperationsinvolvingeitherroadhaulageorrailfreight，canbeinconjunctionwithdeep-seacontainerservicesorwithanairfreightoperation,thoughthelatteroccurringinonlyarelativelysmallnumberofinstancesandsmallscaleintermsofthefreightvolumesshipped.Characteristicsofvariousmodes

Theessenceofthewholeoperationistoutilizethekeycharacteristicsofeachindividualtransportmodetoitsbestadvantage.Thetruckhasthebenefitsofimmediacyandflexibility,plustheabilitytoaffectcollectionsanddeliveriesofgoodsfromlocationsthathavenorailsidingsorwaterwayquaysforloading.Railfreightingoffersalower-costalternativeformultipleloadscarriedoverlongertransitsandamuchless-pollutingeffectontheenvironment,asdoesbargetrafficshippedonthenavigablerivers,andcanalsofinlandwaterwaynetworks.Thusroadhaulageinanycombinationwitheitherrailfreighting,inlandwaterway,short-sea,orcoastalshippingmayprovetobethemostviableoption,botheconomicallyandoperationally.MultimodalTransportThistermmeansmuchthesameasintermodaltransport,namelytheuseofavarietyofdifferenttransportmodesforthemovementofunitizedfreightfromitsplaceoforigintothefinaldestination.Itsmorespecificuse,however,shouldbeconfinedsolelytothesituationswheremorethanjusttwotransportmodesareemployedtocompleteafreightjourney.BimodalTransportBi,meaningtwo,whenusedwiththeterm“modal”,correctlyimpliestheemploymentofjusttwomodesoftransporttocompleteafreightmovement,forexampletheuseofroadandrail,orroadandinlandwaterway.However,thistermalsoreferstoanestablishedsystemspeciallystrengthenedroad-goingarticulatedsemi-trailers,whichgetattachedtorailbogiesattheterminal.Thus,itcanrundirectlyonrail.“Roadrailer”isabrandnameforaninterchangeable,bimodalroad-railtrailersystemofthistypeconceivedintheUSAbyWabashNationalInc.ofIndiana.Itisbasedontheuseofaroad-goingsemi-trailerwithasix-wheelundercarriagethatispneumaticallyraisedallowingthefrontandrearendsofthetrailertobemountedonrailbogiesandformedintoatrainforrailtransit.CombinedTransportThetermcombinedtransport,aswithbimodaltransportdescribedabove,meanstheuseofjusttwotransportmodesincombination,suchasroadandrailorroadandinlandwaterway.Thetermcombinedtransportbasicallymeansjustroad-railtransportratherthananytwoothermodesincombination.RollingMotorwaySystemsArollingmotorwaysystemisonewherecompleteroadvehiclesaredrivenontospeciallybuiltrailwagonsfortherailtransit.Thesystemgetsitsnamebecause,ineffect,vehiclesaredrivenstraightoffthemotorwayontotherailwagonatoneendofthejourney,thenoffagainandontothemotorwayattheotherend.Thedrivertravelsonthetrainaccompanyinghisvehicle.Hencetheraillinkisseenasacontinuationofthemotorwayjourney.Eurotunnel’sfreightshuttleservicethroughtheChannelTunnelbetweentheUKandFranceisarollingmotorwaysystem,havingspecialtransferwagonsenablingvehiclestobedrivenontothetrainfromtheplatform,andoffagainattheotherendofthethrough-Tunneljourney.Bythismeansloadingandunloadingarebotheasilyandrapidlyaccomplished.ThisisoneofitsmainadvantagesoverRO-ROferry-shipoperation,whichoftendelaysinloadingandunloading.PiggybackTransportPiggybacktransportation

referstothe

transportation

ofgoodswhereone

transportation

unitiscarriedonthebackofsomethingelse.Itisaspecialisedformofintermodal

transportation

andcombinedtransport,andit’salsocalledTraileronFlatCar(TOFC).Thesemi-trailersareeitherliftedontospeciallow-heightrailwagonsbycontainercrane.Neitherthetractiveunitnorthedrivertravelsonthetrain,theunaccompaniedsemi-trailerbeingpickedupfromarailterminalattheotherendofthejourneybyanothertractiveunitanddriverforfinaldeliverytoitsdestination.DoublestackTrainCarsAnimportantshiftinthecompositionoftheintermodalrailfleettookplacewiththemoveawayfrompiggybackingtowardsContainersofFlatCar(COFC).ThedevelopmentoflongdistancecorridorslinkingmajorportgatewayssuchasLosAngeles/LongBeachtoinlanddestinationsincitedthesettingofdouble-stackedunittrainservices.Thisisrelatedtoamoreefficientusageofrailassetspermittedbydouble-stackedservices,aswellasthecommitmentoftruckingcompaniestointegratetheirdrayageserviceswithlongdistanceintermodalrailservices.Also,mostwellcarscanaccommodate53footcontainers,underminingtheneedforpiggybacking.NewWordsandExpressionshaulage

/?h??l?d?/n.

拖運(yùn)、拖曳trunk-haul

干線運(yùn)輸scenario

/s??nɑ?ri??/

n.

情景quay/ki?/n.

碼頭barge

/bɑ?d?/traffic駁船運(yùn)輸navigable/?n?v?ɡ?b?l/adj.

可導(dǎo)航的solely

/?s??lli/adv.

獨(dú)自bogie/?b??ɡi/n.

轉(zhuǎn)向架wagon/?w?ɡ?n/n.

貨車(chē)車(chē)廂、車(chē)皮containercrane

/kre?n/集裝箱起重機(jī)tractive

/?tr?kt?v/unit牽引單元corridor/?k?r?d?/n.

交通走廊Duringthepastfourdecades,internationalintermodaltransportationhasmadeaseriesofachievementsinChina,especiallyinimprovingtheinfrastructure.PartII

InternationalIntermodalTransportDevelopmentInChinaRail-OceanIntermodalTransportationinChinaChina'sintermodaltransportationisrapidlygrowing.Seaportsareconsideredtobethegateforaregion,andareimportantforintermodaltransport.TheintermodaltransportationmodeinShanghaiPortismainlycombinedtransportationoninlandwaterways(YangtzeRiver)andtheocean.Moreover,thescheduledtrainsofthefivefixings（fixedloadingpoint,fixedrunningline,fixedtrainnumber,fixeddepartureandarrivaltime,fixedfreightrate）offerShanghaimoreoptionsfortransportingcargotoandfromothercities,suchasChongqing,Ningbo,andHefei.Thecombinedriver-seaintermodaltransportationaccountsfor10%oftotalportthroughputinChinaandthecombinedrail-seaintermodaltransportationaccountsfor5%,orapproximately130,000TEU.TheportofShenzhenhasnineportdistricts,includingShekou,Chiwan,Yantian,Marwan,Dongjiaotou,Fuyong,Xiadong,andShayuyong.Thefirstthreearespecialisedcontainerterminals.TheportofShenzhenopenedseveralscheduledtrains(rail-oceanintermodaltransport)toothercities,includingtheYushenrail-oceanjointtransportchannel.ThislinerunsfromChongqingRailwayCentralStationforcontainertransporttoYantianport.Indeed,theYushenlineisalow-cost,highlyefficientexportchannel,andpromotestheinternationalizationandstandardizationofinlandtransportationinChina,achievingseamlessconnectionsandrapiddevelopmentofrail-oceanintermodaltransportation.China'sintermodaltransportationisrapidlygrowing.Seaportsareconsideredtobethegateforaregion,andareimportantforintermodaltransport.TheintermodaltransportationmodeinShanghaiPortismainlycombinedtransportationoninlandwaterways(YangtzeRiver)andtheocean.Moreover,thescheduledtrainsofthefivefixings（fixedloadingpoint,fixedrunningline,fixedtrainnumber,fixeddepartureandarrivaltime,fixedfreightrate）offerShanghaimoreoptionsfortransportingcargotoandfromothercities,suchasChongqing,Ningbo,andHefei.Rail-OceanIntermodalTransportationinChinaThecombinedriver-seaintermodaltransportationaccountsfor10%oftotalportthroughputinChinaandthecombinedrail-seaintermodaltransportationaccountsfor5%,orapproximately130,000TEU.TheportofShenzhenhasnineportdistricts,includingShekou,Chiwan,Yantian,Marwan,Dongjiaotou,Fuyong,Xiadong,andShayuyong.Thefirstthreearespecialisedcontainerterminals.TheportofShenzhenopenedseveralscheduledtrains(rail-oceanintermodaltransport)toothercities,includingtheYushenrail-oceanjointtransportchannel.ThislinerunsfromChongqingRailwayCentralStationforcontainertransporttoYantianport.Indeed,theYushenlineisalow-cost,highlyefficientexportchannel,andpromotestheinternationalizationandstandardizationofinlandtransportationinChina,achievingseamlessconnectionsandrapiddevelopmentofrail-oceanintermodaltransportation.Road-OceanIntermodalTransportationinChinaTheintermodaltransportationmodescanbedividedintoroad-railandland-oceanintermodaltransportation.However,Chinasufferedfromlowerrailwaynetworkcoverageandtrainserviceshortages.Formost

developedcountries,suchastheUnitedStatesandGermany,theocean-railmodenormallytakes20-40%oftotalportcontainerthroughput.Incontrast,inChina,ocean-railaccountsforonly1.5%,indicatingthattherail-oceanapproachhasnotfullydevelopeditspotential.Thus,road-oceanisstillthemaintransportationmodeinChina.LandbridgetransportasanewinitiativeinChinaTheconstructionofthenewlandbridgewasstartedin2013undertheBeltandRoadInitiative(theSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-CenturyMaritimeSilkRoad)oftheChinesegovernment.ThisInitiativeaimstopromotepartnershipsamongEurope,Asia,SouthAmerica,Africaandotherrepions.usingfivedifferenttransportationchannels.Landcarriagechannelsinclude:startingfromChina,goingthroughCentralAsiaandRussiatocountriesinEurope;startingfromChina,goingthroughCentralandWestAsiatotheMiddleEastandtheMediterranean;startingfromChina,goingtoSoutheastAsia,SouthAsia,andtheIndianOceanThroughthefirstchannel,ChinahasworkedwithothercountriestoestablishthenewEurasianContinentalBridge(NECB),alsoknownastheSecondEurasianContinentalBridge.ChinareliedontheNECBtoopentheinternationalYuxinou(YXO)railuray,whichstartsfromChongqinginChinaviatheYulanand

Yuan

railwaysandexitsthroughtheSinkiangAlatawPasstoKazakhstan,Russia,theRepublicofBelarus,Poland,Duisburg,andfinallytheportofRotterdam.Becausethisrouteinvolvesmultiplecountriesandhasashorttransportationdistance,itprovidesanexcellentopportunityforChinatodevelopitsexport

trade

anddomesticeconomyandtointernationalizethelogisticsframeworkinitssouthwestregions.ImprovementstothetransportinfrastructureCurrently,the

transportinfrastructure

andthelogisticsfacilitiesneedtobeimproved.Sincethebeginningoftheopening-uppolicy,China'stransportinfrastructurehasimprovedsignificantlytoreachinternationallevels.Forinstance,theestablishmentoftheThreeVerticalandFourHorizontalrailwaynetworksystemandtheFiveLongitudesandSevenLatitudesnationalmaintrunkexpresslinebothhelpChinabreakthebottleneckofintermodaltransportation.Additionally,thetraditional1-ton/5-ton/10-toncontainersweredisplacedby20’GP(generalpurpose)/40’GP/40’HC(highcube)containers.Furthermore,newtechnologiesforfreightandinformationhavebeenappliedtotheinternationaltransportofcontainers(e.g.,doublestack-trainsandelectroniccustomsclearance).PiggybackandmultimodaltransportationinChineselogisticssystemPiggybacktransportation,whereforexample,atruckistransportedonatrain,isbecominganewwaytoaddressthelogisticswoesintheeraofbigdata.

Huochebang,thebiggestplatformfortruckdriversinChinatofindgoodstotransport,workswithChinaShenhuaRailandTrucksCompany(CSRTC)tocooperateinpiggybacktransportation.

Thesystemallowsroadandrailtransportationtogetcombinedintoone.Truckscanbeloadedontoatrain.Whenthetrainreachesitsdestination,thetrucksarethenunloadedandcontinuecarryinggoodstoplacesbeyondthereachofthetrain.Thismodeoftransportationsavescosts,improvesefficiencyandeasescongestiononhighways.

Itisparticularlysuitedformid-andlong-distancetransportation.IntheUnitedStates,truck-rail,truck-seaandrail-seatransportationlinksarethemajortransportationmeansforroutesover800kilometers,whileinEurope,theseformsoftransportationaccountedforabout25percentofalltransportationin2017.

“Younotonlyputtrucksonthebackoftrains,butalsocontainersandsemi-trailers,”saidCSRTCgeneralmanager.“PiggybacktransportationwilluseShenhua'srailwayrouteswhileutilizingthedataofHuochebang,totransportgoodsmoreefficiently.”

Thismodeoftransportationwill“restructurethelogisticsindustry”and“createanewmodel”intheindustry.

ThefirstpiggybacktransportationrouteunderthedealwilllinkalogisticsparkinErdos,inInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegioninNorthChina,withaportinHuanghua,HebeiProvince,about1,000kmaway.Huochebang,whichmeans“truckgroups”inChinese,has630,000registeredtruckdriversinitssystem.ItisknownasChineseUberofthetruckindustry,providinginformationonaround5millionpiecesoffreightdaily.

Chineseauthoritiesencouragethedevelopmentofmultimodaltransportation.

TheStateCouncilseesthenecessitytopromotethedevelopmentofmultimodaltransportationforinternationallogisticscorridorswithbettertransportationqualityandefficiency.

“Multimodaltransportationcanimproveefficiency,slashcosts,protecttheenvironment,andisquitesafe,”saidWangMing,anofficialfromtheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission.“Allrelateddepartmentsshouldfurtherreformtherailnetworkandfreightpricestocreateafairandgoodmarketenvironment,soastoupgradethelogisticsindustry.”NewWordsandExpressionsinfrastructure/??nfr??str?kt??/n.

基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；option/??p??n/n.

選項(xiàng)；選擇權(quán)；

Kazakhstan/?k?z?k?stɑ?n/

哈薩克斯坦theRepublicofBelarus/?bel??ru?s/白俄羅斯共和國(guó)PartIIITheBeltandRoadStrategyMorethantwomillenniaagothediligentandcourageouspeopleofEurasiaexploredandopenedupseveralroutesoftradeandculturalexchanges,whichlinkedthemajorcivilizationsofAsia,EuropeandAfrica,collectivelycalledtheSilkRoadbylatergenerations.Forthousandsofyears,theSilkRoadSpirit－“peaceandcooperation,opennessandinclusiveness,mutuallearningandmutualbenefit”－h(huán)aspromotedhumancivilization,andtheprosperityanddevelopmentofthecountriesalongtheSilkRoad.TheSilkRoadSpiritisahistoricandculturalheritagesharedbyallcountriesaroundtheworld.TheBeltandRoadInitiativeofChinaWhenChinesePresidentXiJinpingvisitedCentralAsiaandSoutheastAsiainSeptemberandOctoberof2013,heraisedtheinitiativeofjointlybuildingtheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-CenturyMaritimeSilkRoad(laterreferredtoastheBeltandRoad).AttheChina-ASEANExpoin2013,ChinesePremierLiKeqiangemphasizedtheneedtobuildtheMaritimeSilkRoadorientedtowardASEAN.TheBeltandRoadInitiativeisasystematicinitiative,whichshouldbejointlybuiltwiththeeffortstointegratethedevelopmentstrategiesofthecountriesalongtheBeltandRoad.TheChinesegovernmenthasdraftedandpublishedtheVisionandActionsonJointlyBuildingSilkRoadEconomicBeltand21st-CenturyMaritimeSilkRoadtopromotetheimplementationoftheInitiative,connectAsian,EuropeanandAfricancountriesmorecloselyandpromotemutuallybeneficialcooperationtoanewhighandinnewforms.TheTrans-AsianRailwayandEurasianLandbridgeTheideatolinktheFarEastandEuropebyrailtakesitsoriginwiththeconstructionoftheTransSiberianRailwaylinkingMoscowtoVladivostok,completedin1916.Withalengthof9,200km,itisthelongestrailsegmentintheworld.Itwasinitiallyusedsolelyasaninlandraillink,butinthe1960stheSovietUnionstartedofferingalandbridgeservicefromVladivostokusingtheTransSiberiantoreachWesternEurope.Thebeginningofthe21stcenturyhasbroughtrenewedinterestsforalongdistancerailconnectionbetweenAsiaandEurope,especiallywiththeboomingAsiantradeandtheincreasingpressuretoshipcontainerizedfreightoverlongdistances.TheseconnectionscametobeknownastheTransAsianRailway,theNorthernEast-Westcorridor,theEurasianLandbridge,theNewSilkRoad,OBOR(OneBeltOneRoad)ortheBRI(theBeltandRoadInitiative).TheBeltandRoadInitiativeunderlinestheimportanceofChinaintoshapingthedevelopmentoftheseInfrastructureandtradecorridors.ChinaisseekingtoexpandtraderelationswithCentralAsiathroughinfrastructuredevelopment,includingrailconnections,inlandterminalsandports.ThemainrouteusestheTrans-SiberianRailway,withonebranchextendingtoVladivostokandconnectingEasternChina,andanotherbranchgoingtoKazakhstanandenteringwesternChinaatKhorgosandDruzhba,thenthroughtheLanzhourailhubgoingtothecoastofChinaorgettingintoMongoliaandenteringintoChinaatErenhotandthentothemainhubinBeijing.AllthenecessaryinfrastructureexiststoensurethesettingandoperationsoftheEurasianLandbridge,particularlyalongtheTransSiberianwhichisdoubletrackedandelectrified.Theimportantthingistoimprovesomesegments,soastoensurebetterintegrationofalltheelementsofthisverycomplexmultinationaltransportchain.TheprospectsoftheEurasianLandbridgeispositive.ForChina,itprovidesanopportunitytodeveloptheinlandprovincesandtorelievethecongestionatthecoastalports.InJanuary2008，thetrainservicecalled“theBeijing-HamburgContainerExpress”wasopened,andlaterin2009anotherservicetoDuisburgwasopened.Ittakes15daystolinktheChinesecapitaltotheGermanportcities,running10,000km(6,200miles)throughMongolia,theRussianFederation,BelarusandPoland.Themaritimejourneycoveringthesamemarketswouldtakeabout30days.In2014,thelongestcommercialrailserviceintheworldwasstartedwhenatraincarrying82containerstraveledfromYiwu(amajormanufacturingclusterinZhejiangProvince)toMadrid.The12,800kmjourneytook21days.In2017,thefirstrailwayservicebetweenYiwuandLondonusingtheChannelTunneltook16days.Fromthen,regularrailserviceshavebeensetbetweenChinaandseveralEuropeancountries.TheSilkRoadandArabSeaRoutesinHistoryTheSilkRoadwasthemostenduringtraderouteinhumanhistory,beingusedforabout1,500years.ItsnameistakenfromtheprizedChinesetextilethatflowedfromAsiatotheMiddleEastandEurope,althoughmanyothercommoditiesweretradedalongtheroute.TheSilkRoadconsistedofasuccessionoftrailsfollowedbycaravansthroughCentralAsia,about6,400kminlength.Travelwasfavoredbythepresenceofsteppes,althoughseveralaridzoneshadtobebypassedsuchastheGobiandTaklimakandesert.Althoughitissuspectedthatsignificanttradeoccurredforabout1,000yearsbeforehand,theSilkRoadopenedaround139B.C.onceChinawasunifiedundertheHandynasty.ItstartedatChangan(Xian)andendedatAntiochorConstantinople(Istanbul),passingbycommercialcitiessuchasSamarkandandKashgar.Inadditiontosilk,maj