世紀英語 第五章

CENTURYBUSINESSENGLISH大連理工大學出版社閱讀教程（基礎(chǔ)篇I）（第四版）世紀商務英語

主編：王洗薇UnitFive

BusinessInvitations

大連理工大學出版社BusinessLanguage

Inthisunitwe’regoingtolearnandpracticesomereadingskillsabout

findingthetopicandgetthemainideaofaparagraph.Thetwotextsinthis

unitwillpresentsometipsonbusinessinvitationsandsomecustomson

invitationsinBritain.Practicalreadingisanintroductiontoinvitationcards.BusinessLanguageReadingSkillFocusWordsandExpressionsPracticalReadingComprehensiveReadingReadingSkillFocusFindingtheMainIdea(1)

Aparagraphisagroupofsentencesrelatedtoa

particulartopicorcentraltheme.Everyparagraphhasa

keyconceptormainidea.Themainideaisthemost

importantelementofa

paragraph.Theauthorusually

statesthemainideainonesentenceoftheparagraph

calledatopicsentence.1.TheTopic2.TopicSentence:?thefirstsentence?thelastsentence?themiddlesentence?impliedmainidea3.SupportingDetailsReadingSkillFocusTherestoftheparagraphcontainssentencesmadeupofdetailsthatsupportandexplainthemainidea.Soinordertoreadparagraphsinthemostefficientway,areadershouldbefamiliarwiththefollowingthreemainelementsofaparagraph.WewilldiscussthethreemainelementsfromUnit5toUnit7.Inthisunit,wewillbeginwithTheTopic.ReadingSkillFocus

TheTopicInordertogetatthemainideaofaparagraph,thefirstthingyoumustbeabletodoistoidentifythetopic—thesubjectoftheparagraph.Thestrategyfortopicidentificationissimplytoaskyourselfthatquestion,“Whatisthisabout?”Keepaskingyourselfthatquestionasyoureadaparagraphuntiltheanswertoyourquestionbecomesclear.Sometimesyoucanspotthetopicbylookingforawordortwothatrepeat.Usuallyyoucanstatethetopicinafewwords.ReadingSkillFocusA．GuidedPracticeSample1

Agrowingnumberofpeopleareexpectedtoknowhowtousecomputerstosatisfythedemandsoftheirjobs.Withoutpropertraining,workersarepronetoinjuriesofthehand,wristandback.Workingatthecomputerdemandsproperangles.Thetopofthemonitorshouldbeateyelevel,sothatthecenterofthescreenisviewedslightlydownward.ReadingSkillFocusthekeyboardshouldbeonaflatsurface,withone’sarmsrelaxed,looseandataninetydegreeangle.Forearmsandhandsshouldbeparalleltothefloor.Thebackshouldbeangledslightlytothereartoincreasebloodcirculationandreducecompressionofthespine.Thechairshouldfitthecurveofthelowerback,withtheseatanglingforwardslightlytoreducepressureonthespine.ReadingSkillFocus本段一開始就提出人們希望了解如何使用計算機以滿足工作的需求，然后分別敘述了“monitor”和“keyboard”的高度；“forearms,hands”和“bake”的角度；“chair”和“seat”的高度。因此我們可以歸納出本段的主題為“Tipsforusingacomputeronthejob”。ReadingSkillFocusSample2

Manystudentsreadtooslowly.Theycontinuetoreadjustastheydidwheninthesixthgrade.Theymovetheirlipsasifpronouncingeverywordandcarrytheirfingersalongthelineofprinttoleadtheireyes.Itisasiftheywerereadingaloudandhadtopronounceeachwordwithcare.Theyhavenotyetmovedtoamoreskillfullevelinreading:readingforcomprehensionratherthanforpronunciation.ReadingSkillFocusReadingseekstheauthor’sthoughtsratherthanhiswords.Thephraseratherthanthewordisthethoughtunit,andtheeyescanlearntotakeinwholephrasesataglance.

根據(jù)該段落每句反復出現(xiàn)的詞“read”以及“movetheirlips”,“carrytheirfingers”等閱讀習慣的描述，我們可以判斷出該段的主題為“readinghabits”。ReadingSkillFocus

Trytofigureoutthetopicsofthefollowingparagraphs.1.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbeshownbythecaseoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMark.Beingidentical.Thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswere3monthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatedhomes.ReadingSkillFocusPeter

wasbroughtupbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasbroughtupinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunity.Thisdifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whenthey’regiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark’sI.Q.was125.25pointshigherthantheaverageandfully40pointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.ReadingSkillFocusThetopicofthisparagraphis:A.measuringyourintelligenceB.intelligenceandenvironmentC.thecaseofPeterandMarkD.howthebraininfluencesintelligenceB______ReadingSkillFocus

Hottubshavebecomepopularplacestorelaxandrelievemuscletension.However,ifyouuseahottub,youshouldbecareful.Dippingyourbodyinhotwatermakesyourheartbeatfaster.Thiscanbeaproblemforpeoplewithhighbloodpressure.Thehotwateralsoraisesyourbodytemperature.Thiscancausealossofimportantbodyfluids.Andfivetotenminutesinahottubburnsoffbloodsugar.Thiscanbeharmfulforpeoplewithdiabetes(糖尿病).CautionsforUsingHotTubs

__________________________________ThetopicofthisparagraphisReadingSkillFocus3.Thechemicalcomponentsofacidrain(酸雨)arechangingthenaturalenvironment.Acidrainistheresultofincreasedemissionsofsulfurdioxide(二氧化硫)fromburningcoalandnitrogendioxide(二氧化氮)fromcarexhaust.Althoughsulfurandnitrogenaresourcesoffoodfortrees,grassesandothervegetation,whensulfurandnitrogencombineintheformofacidrain,theseelementsdamagegreenleafcellsandimpairthegrowthofplantlife.acidrain___________________ThetopicofthisparagraphisComprehensiveReadingTextABusinessInvitations

Formalbusinessinvitationscanplayanimportantroleinyourandadvertisingefforts.Forexample,ifyouwanttoannouncethelaunchofanewproductorholdapartyforyourmostcustomers,it’stheformalinvitationsthatwillattractthosepeopletoyourevent.marketingmarketing市場營銷

loyalloyal忠誠的，忠心的商務邀請正式商務邀請在你的營銷和廣告過程中扮演著重要角色。例如，如果你想要宣布一個新品發(fā)布會或為你最忠實的顧客舉行一個派對，只有正式邀請函才能夠吸引人們參加你的活動。ComprehensiveReadingUnliketypesofinvitations,businessinvitationsdonotjustletpeopleknowabouttheparty.1Withthesepointsinmind,youmaywanttoconsiderthefollowingtipswhenchoosingcorporateinvitationsforyournextcorporateorcompanyevent.ordinaryordinary平常的，普通的不同于普通的邀請函，商務邀請函不僅僅是告訴人們你要舉行派對。邀請函還反映了發(fā)函公司的形象。了解了這些要點后，在你為下一個公司活動選擇邀請函的時候你可以考慮下列建議。ComprehensiveReading

AFewTipsonFormalBusinessInvitationsFirst,youwanttoselectformalcorporateinvitationsthatwillcreateapositiveimpression.Rememberthateventhoughyouareprobablysendingaformalcorporateinvitationtopeoplewithwhomyoualreadyhaveaworkingrelationship,theinvitationsmayinthehandsofpeopleyoudonotknow.endupendup結(jié)果是；結(jié)束正式商務邀請函的幾點建議首先，你要選擇能夠創(chuàng)造公司良好印象的正式公司邀請函。要記得，就算你是在給你已經(jīng)有了工作聯(lián)系的人郵寄正式公司邀請函，這些邀請函最后很有可能落在你不認識的人手里。ComprehensiveReadingForexample,youmaysendabusinessinvitationtotheheadofsalesforoneofyour.2Whenchoosingacorporateinvitation,youshouldalwaysmakechoicesasiftheyarebeingsenttothetoppersoninthecompany.vendorsvendor賣家；沿街叫賣者例如，你可能把邀請函郵給你的供貨商的一個銷售部領(lǐng)導，這個人很有可能把這封邀請函拿給他的領(lǐng)導看，甚至拿給公司老板看。當選擇公司邀請函的時候，你應該始終本著這些邀請函是發(fā)給公司最高領(lǐng)導的態(tài)度去選擇。ComprehensiveReading

Second,alwayschoosemoreformalbusinessinvitations.Whilesomeeventsmaybemoreandmayworkfinewithinformalinvitations,youshouldalwaysonthesideofformalityforthereasonsdiscussedabove.casualcasual隨便的，不拘禮的errerr犯錯，出差錯其次，要永遠選擇更加正式的公司邀請函。雖然一些活動可能是比較隨意，用非正式邀請函也可以，但就算犯錯也最好傾向于比較正式的這一方，至于原因，上面已經(jīng)解釋過了。ComprehensiveReading

Third,pickingthecolorsforyourbusinessinvitationcardscanalsobeachallenge.Oneistochoosedarker,colorsforeveningaffairs.Aneveningcelebrationmayrequiredarkredorblackbusinessinvitationletterswhileanafternoonget-togethermightlightblueorgreeninvitationcards.3ruleofthumbruleofthumb基本原則，實用方法bolderbold（顏色、形狀等）醒目的，顯著的warrantwarrant使有正當理由第三，選擇公司邀請卡的顏色也是很有講究的。一個基本原則是，如果活動在晚上舉行，那么就選擇比較深且醒目的顏色。一個晚上舉行的慶典最好用深紅色或黑色的商務邀請函，而一個下午的聚會則可以用淺藍或綠色的邀請卡。如果不確定，你也可以選擇能夠反映你公司的顏色搭配。ComprehensiveReading

OtherBusinessInvitationAfteryou’veselectedyourbusinesspartyinvitations,youshouldhavethemallprintedwiththedetailsoftheevent.Whileyoucouldaddthisinformationbyhand,itwouldbeaprocessandwouldnotmakethesameasaprintedbusinessinvitation.Detailsdetail細節(jié)，詳情time-consumingtime-consuming費時的impactimpact影響力，作用v.沖擊其他商務邀請細節(jié)在你已經(jīng)選擇了商務聚會邀請卡后，你就應該將活動細節(jié)全部打印在上面。雖然你也可以手寫這些信息，但這會是非常費時費力的過程，而且也不會產(chǎn)生印制的商務邀請的效果。ComprehensiveReadingHowever,youshouldtakethetimetoaddapersonalatthetopofeachinvitation.4Makesurethisgreetingiswrittenbyhandsoithasapersonalthatwillmakerecipientsofyourbusinessinvitationsmorelikelytoattendyourevent.salutationsalutation稱呼語；招呼，致意touchtouch感覺；觸碰但是，你應該花些時間在邀請卡頂端手寫上個人的稱呼。如果恰當?shù)脑?，使用收卡人的名字。要確保這些稱呼是手寫的，這樣邀請卡就有些人情味兒，會使收到你的商務邀請的人更愿意參加你的活動。ComprehensiveReading

Ifyou’reconcernedaboutuniquebusinessinvitationwording,don’tbe.5Ifyoufeelusinghumor,thendo.However,keepinmindthatnotalloftherecipientsmayhavethesamesenseofhumorortheymayjustdislikehumorousinvitations.comfortablecomfortable舒服的；舒適的如果你在考慮使用一些特別的商務邀請措辭，你最好打消這個念頭。盡量簡潔地將信息表達清楚就好。如果你覺得使用幽默得心應手的話，那就可以幽默一下。但是你要記得，不是所有接到邀請的人都有相同的幽默感，也有可能他們就是不喜歡幽默的邀請函。ComprehensiveReading

Yourmessageshouldalsobeonyourpersonalizedbusinessinvitationssincemostofyourrecipientsarebusypeople.Makesuretoincludeacontactnumberoremailaddressonalloftheinvitations,evenifyouarenotrequiringanRSVP[1].Thatwayguestswho’vereceivedyourbusinessinvitationscancontactyouwithquestions.

briefbrief簡潔的；簡短的在標出收件人名字的邀請函上的信息也必須是簡潔明了的，因為大多數(shù)收件人都是非常忙的。要確保所有的邀請函上都包括聯(lián)系電話或電子郵件，就算你不要求答復。這樣，收到你的商務邀請的客人們?nèi)绻袉栴}就可以跟你聯(lián)系了。ComprehensiveReadingTask1Attheverybeginningofthisunit,you’velearnedthetechniquesoffindingthemainideathroughidentifyingthetopicofaparagraph.Readthetextanddecidewhatthetopicofeachparagraphis.ParagraphTopic1

2

BusinessinvitationsFormalcorporateinvitationsComprehensiveReadingParagraphTopic3

456

FormalbusinessinvitationsColorsforthebusinessinvitationcardsPrintedbusinessinvitationBusinessinvitationwordingTask2Choosethebestsentencetofilleachgapinthepassage.Youwillnotuseoneofthem.ComprehensiveReadingJustkeepthemessageassimpleaspossible.B.Whenindoubt,youcouldalsochooseacolorscheme

thatreflectsthecolorsof

yourbusiness.C.Thatindividualmayalsoshowtheinvitationtohisboss

oreventheheadofthe

company.D.Usetherecipient’sfirstnamewheneverappropriate.ComprehensiveReadingE.CorporateInvitationsareavailableinavarietyofstylesforcorporateparties,conventions,commercialandcompanyevents.F.Theyalsoareareflectionofthebusinesssendingthemout.答案：1.F2.C3.B4.D5.AComprehensiveReadingTask3WordFormationLearning—Prefix（1）Prefixisanaffixaddedtothebeginningofawordtochangeitsmeaningandmakeanewword.Thefollowingprefixescanbefoundinthetext.PrefixMeaningExamplesun-(inadjectives,adverbs,andnouns)not;theopposite

of不(表示否定、缺乏、相反之意)unfair,unfortunately,unable,unauthorizedin-/im-(inadjectives,adverbs,andnouns)not;theopposite

of不，非，相反的infinite,inaccurate,inability,impoliteComprehensiveReadingNow,readTextAcarefully,locatethewordsinthetextthatcontainoneoftheabove-mentionedprefixes,andtellthepartofspeechandthemeaningofeachword.un-(Para.1,Line5)unlike________________2.in-(Para.3,Line2)informal________________3.dis-(Para.6,Line4)dislike________________dis-(inadjectives,adverbs,nouns,andverbs)not;the

oppositeof不，非，相反，相對dishonest,disagree,disadvantage,disappearComprehensiveReadingTask4LookthroughthenewwordsinTextAandseewhichofthemcanbechangedintooppositemeaningbyaddingtheprefixesabove.formal→informalloyal→disloyalordinary→unordinarypersonal→impersonalcomfortable→uncomfortableComprehensiveReadingTask5Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.vendorcasualdetailpersonaltime-consumingaffairwarrantloyalendupmarketing

Iamnotpreparedtodiscussmyfinancialwiththepress.2.Companysalesimproveddramaticallyfollowinga$2millioncampaign.affairs

____________marketing

_____________ComprehensiveReading3.Afterworkingherwayaroundtheworld,she

teachingEnglishasaforeign

language.4.My

viewisthatweshouldn’tofferhimthejob.5.Ourcompanyisoneoftheleadingsoftware

in

thecountry.endedup

______________personal

____________vendors

____________vendorcasualdetailpersonaltime-consumingaffairwarrantloyalendupmarketingComprehensiveReading6.It’sarelativelysimpletaskthatreallydoesn’tagreatdealoftimebeingspentonit.7.Jackhasbeenaworkerinthiscompanyforalmost50years.8.Forfurther,pleasecontactthepersonneldepartment.warrant

______________loyal

____________details

____________vendorcasualdetailpersonaltime-consumingaffairwarrantloyalendupmarketingComprehensiveReading9.Compilingadictionaryisacomplexandprocess.10.You’dbetternotwearclothesforaninterview.time-consuming

_________________casual

____________vendorcasualdetailpersonaltime-consumingaffairwarrantloyalendupmarketingComprehensiveReadingTextBCustomsonInvitationsinBritain

Presents.Ifyouareinvitedtosomeone’shometohaveameal,itisusualtotakesomeflowersoraboxof.Itisnotusualtotakeabottleofwineunlessyouknowyourhostwell.Althoughflowersandchocolatesarequiteacceptableitwouldbeveryniceifyoucouldtakesomethingfromyourcountry.chocolateschocolate巧克力禮物如果你應邀去某人家中吃飯，一般可帶些鮮花或巧克力。除非你和主人很熟，否則一般不帶葡萄酒。盡管鮮花和巧克力都頗受歡迎，但如果你能帶些你本國的東西，那就更好了。ComprehensiveReadingItisdifferentifyouareinvitedtoaparty,anditalsodependsonwhatkindofpartyitis.ManypartiesthesedaysareUnlessyourhostisveryrich,thenabottleofwineisalwayswelcomeifitisabigpartyof,say,30ormorepeople.“bringabottle”parties.“bringabottle”party自帶酒水的聚會如果你被邀請去參加晚會那就不一樣了，而還要看是什么樣的晚會。現(xiàn)在許多晚會都是“自帶飲料”型的。如果晚會有30人或更多人參加，除非主人非常富有，否則帶瓶葡萄酒總是受人歡迎的。ComprehensiveReadingAskwhetherornotyoushouldbringabottlewhenyouareinvitedifyouaren’tsure.Saysomethinglike,“CanIbringabottle?”Andyourhostwilltellyouwhattodo.

Dress.Ifyouaren’tsurewhatyoushouldwear,thenaskyourhostoryourfriends.如果你拿不準的話，那么在受到邀請時可問主人你是否該帶瓶酒。你可以這樣問，“我可以帶瓶酒嗎？”，主人會告訴你該怎么做。衣著如果你拿不準該穿什么樣的衣服，那么可問問主人或你的朋友。ComprehensiveReadingUsuallydresscodeisinformalandindividualinBritainforpartiesandforinvitationstodinnerinpeople’shomes.Ifyouaregoingtoanexpensiverestaurant,themenmayhavetowearaand,andwouldn’tbeallowed.jacketjacket短上衣夾克tietie領(lǐng)帶jeansjeans牛仔褲在英國，一般出席家庭晚會或宴會，衣著可隨便些，隨個人喜好而定。如去豪華飯店赴宴，男子就需穿上衣，系領(lǐng)帶，但不可穿牛仔服。ComprehensiveReading.Ifyouareinvitedtodinneratsomeone’shomeyoushouldn’tarrivetoomuchearlierthanthetimegivenandyoushouldn’tarrivemorethanabout15minuteslate.Ifyouaregoingtobelate,telephoneandletyourhostknowsothatthemealcanbedelayed.Punctualitypunctuality準時守時如果你受邀去某人家里吃飯，你不要在約定的時間之前到達，也不能遲到15分鐘以上。如果你會晚到的話，就打電話通知主人以便推遲用餐時間。ComprehensiveReadingDinnerisusuallyservedbetween8p.m.and9p.m.Veryoftenguestsareinvitedtoarriveearlierthanthissothattheycanhaveadrinkandbeintroducedtotheotherguests.Introducingyourself.Ifyouareatapartyyoucangotoanotherpersonandintroduceyourself.“Hello,mynameis...Areyouafriendof...?”Youdon’thavetowaittobeintroduced.晚飯的時間一般在晚8點到9點之間。通?？腿吮谎堅缧┑竭_，這樣他們可以先喝上一杯，并認識別的客人。自我介紹在晚會上，你可以向別人作自我介紹。“你好，我叫某某。你是某某的朋友嗎?”你不必等著別人來介紹你。ComprehensiveReadingAnd,bytheway,atpartiesweassumethateveryonewilltalktoalotofpeople.Itisquitenormalforsomeonetohaveashortconversationwithyouandthengoontotalktootherpeople!Don’tthinktheydislikeyouorthattheyareimpolite!此外，順便提一下，在晚會上，通常每個人都要與許多人交談。如果有人與你聊上兩句，接著又去和別人交談，那是完全正常的！不要以為他們不喜歡你，或者認為他們不禮貌!ComprehensiveReadingItisthecustomatmanypartiesinBritain,particularlywhere

peoplearestandingupratherthansittingdown.Herearetwowaysof

finishingaconversationata

party:

“Excuseme.IthinkI’llgoandget

anotherdrink.Seeyoulater,perhaps?”這是許多英國晚會的習慣，尤其是在人們都站著而不是坐著的場合。這里有兩種可以用來在晚會上結(jié)束與他人對話的方式：“對不起。我想我得去再取一杯。也許我們以后還會見面?”ComprehensiveReading“Oh,excuseme.I’vejustseenMaryJenningsoverthere.I’vegottodiscussameetingwearehavingonThursday.Wouldyouexcusemeforamoment?”

Howlongshouldyoustay?Watchotherguests!Butifyouaretheonlyguest,leavebeforeifitisaeveningandifyouoryourhostmustworkthenextday.midnightmidnight午夜weekdayweekday平日，工作日“噢，對不起。我剛看見瑪麗·詹寧斯在那邊。我得和她討論我們星期四要開的會議。失陪了。”應呆多長時間?

觀察別的客人!但如果你是惟一的客人，又趕上是工作日，或者你或主人第二天要上班的話，那么應在午夜前告辭。ComprehensiveReadingIftheconversationisreallyfulloflifeatmidnightandyouwouldliketostaylonger,say“Whattimedoyouusuallygotobed?”Andthenyourhostcansaywhethertheywouldliketofinishtheevening.Biggerpartiesareusuallyheldonweekendandoftengoonuntil2a.m.orevenlater.如果到了午夜，談話還余興未盡，而且你想多呆會兒，那么可問主人：“你們一般什么時候休息?”主人就會告訴你晚會是否該結(jié)束了。大型晚會通常在周末舉行，而且會持續(xù)到次日凌晨2點甚至更晚。ComprehensiveReadingTask6ReadTextBanddecidewhatthetopicofeachparagraphis.ParagraphTopic1

2345PresentsDressPunctualityIntroducingyourselfHowlongtostayComprehensiveReadingTake7ChoosethebestanswerforeachofthefollowingstatementsaccordingtoTextB.

Ifyouareinvitedtoanewfriend’shome,it’snotusual.

A.totakesomeflowersB.totakeabottleofwineC.totakeaboxofchocolatesD.totakesomethingspecialfromyourowncountryB

____________ComprehensiveReading2.Whatarenotallowedtowearontheoccasionofhavingdinnerinafancyrestaurant?A.Blacktie.B.DinnerjacketC.Dinnersuit.D.Bluejeans.B

____________ComprehensiveReading3.Theword“delayed”(Para.3,Line4)isclosestinmeaningtoA.continuedB.canceledC.postponedD.hastenedC

____________ComprehensiveReading4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Dinnerisoftenprovidedbetween8p.m.and9p.m.B.Itispolitetomakeaphonecalltotellthehostaboutbeinglate.C.Itisappropriatefortheinvitedgueststoarrivewithin15minutesafterthetimegiven.D.Guestsshouldarriveearlierthanthetimegivensothattheycanbeintroducedtotheotherguests.D

____________ComprehensiveReading5.Attheparty,itisquitenormalthatA.peopleshouldwaittobeintroducedtootherguestsbythehostB.everyoneisgoingtoconversewithmanypeopleC.peoplewouldbeexcusedtofinishaconversationandmoveonwithsomeoneelse

D.peopleshouldhaveashortconversationwitholdfriendsbutalongonewithnewcomersC

____________ComprehensiveReading6.Whatistherighttimeforthegueststoleave?A.Theguestscanstayaslongastheywantto.B.Theguestsusuallyleavebeforemidnightatabiggerparty.C.Theguestsshouldstaylongertoshowtheirrespectforthehost.D.Theguestsshouldleavebeforemidnightifthehostmustworkthenextday.D

____________ComprehensiveReadingTake8Completethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinbrackets.Trafficproblemsaccountforonethirdoflate.(arrive)2.Itistopointatpeople.(polite)3.She’salwaysveryforappointments.(punctuality)arrivals

____________impolite

____________punctual

____________ComprehensiveReading4.Fornoreason,hequitthejob.(particularly)5.Workersintheemergencyareforbiddenfromstriking.(serve)6.Thetakingofhostages,saidtheminister,wastotallyunderanycircumstances.(acceptable)particular

____________service