高考英語閱讀理解專題：猜詞技巧

TranslatethesesentencesHeisa

goodChristian.Heisagoodfather.Heisagoodchild.Heisagoodhusband.Sheisa

goodwife.Sheisagoodteacher.Sheisagoodfriend.他是一名虔誠(chéng)的教徒。他是一名慈祥的父親。他是一個(gè)聽話的孩子。他是一個(gè)有責(zé)任心的丈夫。她是一個(gè)賢惠的妻子。她是一名敬業(yè)的老師。她是一個(gè)可靠的朋友。HeavynewsHeavyfoodHeavywaterHeavyappearanceHeavysleeperHeavysmoker晴天霹靂熱量高的食物硬水粗陋的長(zhǎng)相睡覺沉的人煙鬼閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題在閱讀理解中，猜測(cè)詞義、句義題的特點(diǎn)是對(duì)生詞、短語、指示代詞和句子意思的考查。

常用設(shè)問形式：

1.Theunderlinedword"..."refersto(means)____.

2.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword"..."?

3.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean_____.

4.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto...(paragraph...)?

1、釋義法

猜詞技巧2、比照關(guān)系3、因果關(guān)系4、舉例法5、重述6、同義詞、反義詞7.構(gòu)詞法

1.

釋義法：

在文中的字里行間，對(duì)生詞以定語(從句)、表語甚至用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào),括弧等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明的方式?！裥盘?hào)詞：

tobe,thatis,mean,standfor,namely,toreferto,tomean,inotherwords,thesameas,like,as...as…

Ex.1◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.

木匠

動(dòng)物學(xué)家

牧人

夜班2、比照關(guān)系●信號(hào)詞:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等

Ex.2

1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.

2.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.3.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.4.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthething.臟的

無辜的節(jié)約的不同意3、因果關(guān)系

●信號(hào)詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusEx.31.He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.2.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.3.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow(淺的〕.

精明的

修剪混濁的

“But”,beganKim,“Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo”.Theword“presumptuous”istheclosestinmeaningto____fullofrespecttooconfidentandrudelackinginexperiencetooshyandquiet4、舉例法●信號(hào)詞:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistof或冒號(hào)Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes〔剎車〕.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽裝置

Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.Theunderlinedwordmeans_______.A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.novels

5、重述

●信號(hào)詞:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway等

Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwatertheirfields.Allwhalesconsistoftwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.灌溉有牙齒的6、同義詞、反義詞同義詞信號(hào)詞:or,like,as…as,thesameasThenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.代替圓胖的“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.Theunderlinedword“cultivated”roughlymeans____encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed反義詞信號(hào)詞:unlike,reverse7.根據(jù)詞法中的轉(zhuǎn)化、派生、合成等來猜測(cè)詞義----即構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)1.Womenhaveequalsayineverything.

2.ThecolorsofEnglandinthespringareunforgettable.

3.Boththedevelopedandtheunderdevelopedshouldtrytheirbesttopopularizeeducation.4.“Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites，“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings…”中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-〔極微小的〕re-〔再，反復(fù)〕mis-〔誤，惡〕im-〔不〕un-〔不，非〕in-〔不，非〕non-〔不，非〕-able〔能…的〕-less〔不，無〕-wards(向)inner-〔內(nèi)部的，里面的〕co-〔共同〕，sino-〔中國(guó)〕-ship〔身份；資格；權(quán)力；性質(zhì)trans-〔超越；轉(zhuǎn)換〕，-hood〔狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)；時(shí)期anti-〔反；防〕supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無家可歸的)